scholarly journals Low-carbon governance, fiscal decentralization and sulfur dioxide emissions: Evidence from a quasi-experiment with Chinese heavy pollution enterprises

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Guo ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Jinsong Kuang ◽  
Yifei Zhu ◽  
Renrui Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Heavy Pollution

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of enterprise environmental governance under low-carbon pilot policies in China with a difference in differences (DID) design. In examining the development of these policies, we focus on exploring their effects on sulfur dioxide emissions of heavily polluting enterprises based on prefectural city- and firm-level data from 2003-2014. Overall, the policies significantly increased enterprise SO2 emissions, and the underlying reason being that investments in CO2 control crowded out investment in SO2 control in enterprises in low-carbon pilot regions. We also find that the implementation of low-carbon pilot policies resulted in greater SO2 emissions from state-owned enterprises and enterprises in western regions than from non-state-owned enterprises and those in eastern regions. It is further found that fiscal decentralization and the associated mediating effect of market segmentation promote enterprises' CO2 control and inhibit their SO2 control. This study helps us re-examine the overall environmental effects of low-carbon policies and has implications for the revision and improvement of environmental governance policies in developing countries.

Does the Clean Air Action Really Affect Labor Demand in China?

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Clean Air

How to balance resources, environment, and economic growth to achieve sustainable development is a challenge for developing countries. In 2013, China implemented a high-stringency environmental regulation—the Clean Air Action, which has effectively controlled air pollution. To explore the economic cost of environmental regulation, this paper investigates the policy effect on employment in the industrial sector. However, there are still controversies about whether environmental regulations impact employment. Based on the city-level data and firm-level data, this study applied a quasi-natural experiment for policy evaluation and used the mediating effect model for mechanism analysis. The difference-in-difference estimation results show that environmental regulation has a significant impact on employment. The mechanism analysis verifies that output adjustment, capital input, and green innovation are the main channels, by which environmental regulation distresses employment. The findings of this paper could be extended to other countries at a similar stage of development.

Are State-Owned Enterprises Good Citizens in Environmental Governance? Evidence From the Control of Air Pollution in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 009539972110058
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Liang ◽  
Laura Langbein
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Corruption Case ◽  
And Performance

As profit-seeking corporations, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have incentives to maximize profits from economic activities. However, subject to state ownership, SOEs are expected also to be more accountable for public welfare than their private counterparts. This study examines whether SOEs’ relative provincial dominance reinforces government’s demand to reduce air pollution in China, in the context of anticorruption and performance management. The results suggest that greater relative SOE dominance reduces sulfur dioxide emissions, but this effect is significant only in provinces with a low level of corruption case investigations. Performance management has no discernible moderating impact on the effect of SOE relative dominance.

The effects of organizational isomorphism on innovation performance through knowledge search in industrial cluster

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Baoliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Knowledge Search ◽  
Mimetic Isomorphism

Purpose This paper aims to identify the relationships of both organizational isomorphism and knowledge search with the innovation performance of cluster enterprises. It also specifies the mechanism by which organizational isomorphism affects innovation performance, through knowledge search. Design/methodology/approach Firm-level data were collected with questionnaires distributed to cluster enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China, which produced 165 usable responses for the analysis. Both multiple regression analyses and structural equation modelling were used to test the hypotheses. Findings Normative isomorphism and mimetic isomorphism have inverse U-shaped effects on the innovation performance of cluster enterprises, as does exploratory knowledge search. Exploitative knowledge search and the balance between two types of knowledge search have positive effects on the innovation performance of cluster enterprises; exploratory and exploitative knowledge searches exert partial mediation effects between the organizational isomorphism and innovation performance of cluster enterprises. The mediating effect of knowledge search transforms the inverse U-shaped effect of normative isomorphism and mimetic isomorphism on innovation performance into a positive effect. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the effects of organizational isomorphism on innovation performance by showing the indirect influence of organizational isomorphism in clusters. The study proposes a strategic logic of moderate isomorphism, clarifies the innovative effect of different knowledge search modes and reveals the construction and management mechanisms of organizational isomorphism and knowledge search strategy of firms in clusters.

scholarly journals Relationship between economic growth and SO2 emissions - based on the PSTR model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this paper, we used the panel smooth transition model (PSTR) to study the nonlinear relationship between sulfur dioxide emissions and economic growth in the three regions of China’s eastern, middle and western regions, based on panel data from 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2017. And calculated the elasticity of the impact of total export-import volume and urbanization rate on emissions. The empirical results indicate that economic development and sulfur dioxide emissions are positively correlated in the three regions of East, Middle and West. In the eastern region, when the economic scale is lower than the threshold value, it has a negative impact on SO2 emissions; but when it is higher than the threshold value, it has a positive impact on SO2 emissions, and the smoothing rate between the two regime is slow. The per capita GDP in the middle and western regions is weakly positively correlated with SO2 emissions. When the economic scale reaches the threshold value, its positive impact on SO2 emissions will increase, and economic development will further increase emissions.

scholarly journals Does Green Credit Policy Move the Industrial Firms Toward a Greener Future? Evidence From a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumian Xiao ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Yinwei Liu ◽  
Xiaoning Bu ◽  
Zhichao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

How to utilize financial instrument to deal with environmental issues has been a focal topic. Taking the introduction of green credit program as a “quasi-natural experiment,” the propensity score matching and difference-in-difference approach (PSM-DID) are used to investigate the impact of the green credit policy implemented by Chinese government on firm-level industrial pollutant emissions. The estimation results indicate that the green credit policy significantly reduces corporate sulfur dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis shows this impact is more pronounced for large-scale enterprises and enterprises located in the eastern region. The estimated mediation models reveal that after the implementation of the green credit policy, reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions can be attribute to the increased environmental investment and improved energy consumption intensity. Moreover, the green credit policy is also significantly effective in mitigating the discharge of other common industrial pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of green credit policies in achieving greener industrial production and more sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals The mediating effect of firm’s R&D collaborations on their innovative performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-511
Author(s):  
Michael Amponsah Odei ◽  
Samuel Amponsah Odei
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Level Data

There is the need for firms to engage in R&D collaborations with different partners because these collaborations enable them to acquire new knowledge and technologies thereby increasing their innovation capabilities. These innovative collaborations are known to increase firm’s innovative performance, but the extent of the increase is not known. The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the mediating role of firm’s R&D collaborations and its influence on their innovative performance. To fulfil this objective, we used the Structural Equation Model and firm-level data from the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (2010-2012). Our results have demonstrated that firms R&D collaborations was a statistically significant determinant that played a full mediating role in contributing to increase firm’s innovation performance by 27%. Our results have demonstrated that firm’s innovation collaborations rather had a weaker effect on their innovation performance. Additionally, knowledge sources also influenced firm’s collaborations, it had a stronger effect. Conversely, knowledge sources were not statistically significant in influencing firm’s innovation performance, it rather had an unsubstantial effect on innovation performance.

scholarly journals Energy Costs of Reducing Industrial Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10726
Author(s):  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Ying Zhong ◽  
Chunhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Energy Inputs

With increasing environmental pollution, China has instituted corresponding environmental regulations to address environmental challenges. Estimating the costs of such environmental regulations can help governments to formulate rational environmental policies. This review estimates the costs of environmental regulations based on a novel perspective of energy consumption. Using panel data for Chinese provincial regions in 2006–2015, we developed a non-parametric directional distance function and estimated different optimal energy inputs based on data envelopment analysis under two scenarios, namely, those with and without emission reduction constraints. The gap between the two groups of optimal energy inputs facilitated the estimation of the energy costs associated with reducing SO2 (sulfur dioxide) emissions in China’s industrial sectors. The results suggest that approximately 13.40 tons of standard coal were required to reduce SO2 emissions by 1 ton, highlighting the discrepancy between energy savings and emission reduction. The energy costs of SO2 emission reduction were the highest in West China (18.63), followed by those in Central and Northeast China; meanwhile, those in East China were the lowest (9.91). The large differences between the energy costs of emission reduction in different regions indicated that economically underdeveloped areas have scope for improvement with respect to energy structures and innovation in the green technology field.

scholarly journals Features of formation and reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions when burning brown coal in boilers with liquid slag removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Vladimir Elsukov ◽  
Svetlana Latushkina
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Liquid Slag ◽  
Boiler Unit ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Slag Removal ◽  
Boiler Load ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Liquid Slag Removal

The paper considers the influence of technological factors (design of the boiler-unit, load, air excess, the number of working dust collecting systems) on the formation and reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions in boilers with liquid slag removal. Understanding of this influence can be used both at many operating heat and power sources, and in the development of new combustion technologies. The long-term experience of burning brown coals of the Kansk-Achinsk basin (KAC) at CHPP-6 in Bratsk in boilers of the BKZ-320-140 PT type is studied and analyzed. The analysis uses the results of various thermodynamic and industrial studies of the sulfur dioxide formation during the combustion of KAC, including those carried out by the authors. They identified the temperature and structural zones of the boiler unit, where the resulting reaction of the sulfur dioxide transition to calcium sulfate occurs. It was found that such a zone is the upper part of the cooling chamber, where the indicated transition occurs at temperatures of 1500 ÷ 1400 K. It was found that SO2 emissions rise with an increase in the boiler load and air excess. They also depend on the number of dust systems and their combination (determining the turbulization of combustion processes). A technological mechanism for the sulfur dioxide transition to calcium sulfate for the operation of boilers with liquid slag removal is proposed. Regime and constructive measures are proposed to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide.

scholarly journals The Impact of China`s Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Control Zones Policy on Industrial Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: A Panel Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Wu Yu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

In order to control sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, the Chinese government in 1998 implemented the Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Control Zones policy (known as the Two Control Zone or TCZ policy). In a panel analysis of the impact of the TCZ policy on China`s industrial SO2 emissions, two-way fixed-effects models show that it did not significantly reduce either per capita SO2 emissions or SO2 intensity in China. The study also reveals that instead of the traditional inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve, the relationship between income growth and sulfur pollution in China favors an N-shaped pattern. The empirical results indicate that the TCZ policy has not had a consistent, longterm impact on sulfur pollution control. This is in accord with previous studies and the actual situation in the two control zones. This paper presents two policy recommendations for improving the mitigation of SO2 pollution in China.

Implicit Taxes Amid Race to the Bottom in a Global Tax Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Igor Semenenko ◽  
Junwook Yoo ◽  
Parporn Akathaporn
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Tax Subsidy ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Hypothesis

Growing tax competition among national governments in the presence of capital mobility distorts equilibrium in the international corporate tax market. This paper is related to the literature that examines impact of international tax policies on corporate accounting statements. Employing international firm-level data, this study revisits the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and documents that tax exemptions lowering effective tax rates relative to statutory rates increase pre-tax returns. This finding directly contradicts the implicit tax hypothesis documented by Wilkie (1992), who provided empirical evidence on inverse relationship between pre-tax return and tax subsidy. We also find evidences that relative importance of permanent versus timing component depends on the geography and that decline in corporate tax rates reduces impact of tax subsidies on profitability. Our findings suggest that tax subsidies play a different role than in 1968-1985, which was examined by Wilkie (1992). These results are consistent with the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and income shifting explanation

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