scholarly journals Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid balance, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Mok Lee ◽  
Hee Kyum Kim ◽  
Ho-Bin Lee ◽  
Oh-Dae Kwon ◽  
Eun-Bi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Background: Although polyunsaturated fatty acids are in the spotlight due to their physiological effects on inflammation and stress of livestock animals, the biological roles of their derivatives, termed lipid mediators, have been little reported in laying hens. Results: In this study, two hundred 33-week-old laying hens were fed 0, 0.9, 1.8, or 3.6% (w/w) dietary flaxseed (Lintex170) with a commercial basal diet for 4 weeks to determine the physiological effects of dietary flaxseed, an omega-3-rich ingredient, on host inflammation or stress states regarding lipid mediator profiles, and also its impact on laying performance. The physiological changes in the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, lipid mediator profiles, serum proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6) levels, serum corticosterone levels, and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes were monitored. Supplementing dietary flaxseed greatly reduced the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio from 25.85 to 4.16 in eggs and from 19.23 to 4.08 in serum samples between groups fed with 0% and 3.6% dietary flaxseed after the experimental period. In addition, the lipid mediator profiles of laying hens were modulated by supplementation with flaxseed, mainly resulting in enrichment of omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators. Furthermore, the level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha decreased when fed 3.6% (w/w) dietary flaxseed. Two stress indices, corticosterone in the serum and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio showed significant reductions in laying hens fed 3.6% (w/w) dietary flaxseed. Additionally, overall laying performance indices were significantly improved by supplementary flaxseed. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that the decreased omega-6 to omega-3 ratio and enrichment of omega-3-derived lipid mediators induced by dietary flaxseed may contribute to reducing the stress state in laying hens, improving laying performance. These findings broaden the understanding of lipid mediator profiles in laying hens, and the results will be applied to develop antiinflammatory and antistress feed additives for the poultry industry.

The effect of dietary herring meal on the omega-3 fatty acid content of plasma and egg yolk lipids of laying hens

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Nash ◽  
R. M. G. Hamilton ◽  
H. W. Hulan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The effect of dietary HM on plasma and egg yolk lipids of commercial White Leghorn hens was studied over 350 d. A total of 192 birds were given corn-wheat-soybean meal diets that contained either 0, 4, 8, or 12% HM. Analysis of plasma lipids at four periods in the laying cycle (169, 211, 253 and 287 d) and at five times during the test day (0800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 h) were performed. Egg lipids were analyzed at each of the four periods.Plasma total lipids were inversely related (P < 0.01) to dietary HM levels while omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels were positively and inversely related (P < 0.001), respectively. HM levels did not influence the total lipid content of the egg yolk lipids but omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content were positively and inversely related, respectively. The levels of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n3, DHA) acid were 11 and 3 times higher, respectively (7.8 and 100.5 mg yolk−1) in the yolks from hens given the 12% HM diet compared to the control diet. Key words: Herring meal, laying hens, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

Effects of changing omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios in corn–soybean meal-based diet on performance, serum lipid profile and colostrum and milk composition of sows and performance of piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Devi Upadhaya ◽  
Jiao Yang ◽  
Kwang Yong Lee ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study aimed to test the effects of changing omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios in corn–soybean meal-based diet on performance, serum lipid profile and colostrum and milk nutrient contents of lactating sows as well as performance of suckling piglets. In total, 32 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into one of four dietary treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The treatment diets were fed 7 days before farrowing until weaning. The omega-3 FA used in the experiment was from linseed oil and was coated using a spray-drying method. The dietary treatments consisted of control (CON, corn–soybean meal-based basal diet with omega-6:omega-3 FA ratios of 25:1), and basal diets (CON) containing omega-6: omega-3 FA ratios at 20:1, 15:1 and 10:1 levels. Inclusion of omega-6 and omega-3 FA at different ratios in the feed did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) the performance, nutrient digestibility and milk nutrient composition of sows. The concentrations of high-density lipid cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (P &lt; 0.05) and the low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C) tended to be reduced (P = 0.08) at weaning for sows fed 10:1 omega 6:omega-3 ratio diet. The bodyweights (BW) and average daily gains (ADG) of piglets born from sows fed 10:1 omega-6:omega-3 FA diet were greater (P &lt; 0.05) at Week 3 and overall respectively. The BW of piglets raised from sows fed all treatment diets were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) at Week 4 (weaning) than those in the CON. Positive correlations between dietary omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio and serum HDL-C concentrations and a negative correlations between dietary omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio and serum LDL-C concentrations for sows at weaning were observed. In addition, a positive correlation between omega-6:omega-3 FA in the diet and ADG in piglets was also observed. In conclusion, inclusion of omega-6:omega-3 FA at different ratios in different proportions did not affect sow performance, while increasing HDL-C and tending to reduce LDL-C in serum lipids. However, the piglets born to sows fed 10:1 diets benefitted, with increased BW and ADG.

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