Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract alters the gut microbiota composition and regulates serum lipid profile in the ovariectomized rats

Background Trifolium pratense (red clover) ethanolic extract (TPEE) has been used as a popular over-the-counter remedy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Prolonged consumption of herbal extract has been shown to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of TPEE on the gut microbiota composition in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods OVX rats were treated with TPEE at 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/day, or controls (pomegranate extract, 500 mg/kg/day; estradiol, 25 μg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota analysis was conducted by extracting the microbial DNA from fecal samples and microbiome taxonomic profiling was carried out by using next-generation sequencing. The levels of serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The prediction of functional biomarker of microbiota was performed using PICRUSt to investigate the potential pathways associated with gut health and serum lipid profile regulation. To study the correlation between gut microbiota composition and serum lipid levels, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were defined and analyzed. Additionally, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to uncover additional physiologically active ingredients. Results TPEE-treated OVX rats showed significant reduction in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterols (TCHOL), and LDL/VLDL levels but increase in HDL level. The alteration in the pathways involve in metabolism was the most common among the other KEGG categories. Particularly, TPEE also significantly reduced the relative abundance of sequences read associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. TPEE intervention was seen to reduce the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the OVX rats, denoting a reduction in microbial dysbiosis in the OVX rats. Correlation analysis at the phylum level revealed that Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria were strongly correlated with serum TG, TCHOL and HDL levels. At the species level, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum group was seen to positively correlate with serum HDL level and negatively correlated with serum AST, ALT, LDL/VLDL, TCHOL, and TG levels. Conclusions TPEE treatment showed therapeutic benefits by improving the intestinal microbiota composition which strongly correlated with the serum lipid and cholesterol levels in the OVX rats.

Growth performance, haematology and serum lipid profile of broiler chickens fed three varieties of ripe Solanum melongena fruit meal supplements

The growth, haematological and serum characteristics of Cobb broilers (n = 112) fed inclusions of ripe Solanum melongena fruit meal (SMFM) varieties were incorporated in a 56-day trial. The completely randomized design was employed in assigning day-old chicks to four labeled groups (T1-T4) with four replications. Dietary treatment of SMFM varieties was according to study groups such that T1 had Abia var. Okpokwe, T2 contained Nsukka Ind × Jos, T3 enclosed Nsukka Ind × Nsukka Local, while T4 was control. Daily feed intake and weekly weights furnished the growth assay of the chicks, while their blood assessment was done at the termination of the study. Data analyzed showed T4 to have better (p < 0.05) final weights (2740.50 g), feed intake (131.39 g) and weight gain (48.13 g) than SMFM groups. Red blood cell count was highest (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (10.87 × 106 and 10.88 × 106 mm3, respectively) and lowly in T1 and T4 (10.04 × 106 mm3 each). Haemoglobin concentration was highest (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 (8.73, 8.98 g dL–) and lowest in T4 (7.55 g dL–1). Treated birds had better (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol and lipoproteins than the control. Triglyceride of T4 (117.75 g dL–1) was different (p < 0.05) from T1 and T2 (107.00, 107.67 g dL–1) but similar (p > 0.05) to T3 (109.00 g dL–1). The SMFM varieties, mostly Nsukka Ind × Jos (T2), independently promoted superior haematology and serum lipid profile but poor growth of test broilers.

Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Type II Diabetes Patients at Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan

Aim: To assess the serum cholesterol levels of the diabetes patients in the rural areas of the Sindh. Study design: Prospective observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College Hospital, Mirpurkhas Sindh, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and seventeen diabetic type II patients were enrolled in the study after the written informed consent. The serum lipid profile was assessed and analyzed the relation with glycemic values and their treatment. The prescription was also assessed and data were transferred in to data analysis sheet. Results: There were 368 (71.18%) males and 149 (28.82%) females. Moreover 223(43.13%) patients were aged from 51 to 60 years. Patients had 3 to 6 years of diabetic history (51.26%). Patients had glycemic value 151-200mg/dL (33.27%). One hundred and eighty nine patients had total cholesterol value 201-250 mg/dL. One hundred and seventy six patients were prescribed from Sulphonylurea with 34.04%, 205 patients were prescribed lovastatin (39.65%), 97 patients were prescribed rosuvastatin Conclusion: The changes in the lipid profile levels of diabetic patients might occur at different ages along with the morbid condition such as diabetes mellitus and condition can be more complicated if not managed properly. The disruption in the serum lipid profile, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and obesity cannot be ignored the condition is worse in developing countries like Pakistan. Keywords: Lipid, Diabetes Mellitus, Mirpurkhas, Sindh, Pakistan

The association between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and serum lipid profile in adult women

Background FTO gene is considered to play an important role in many metabolic diseases. Evidence from studies indicated the possible association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with serum lipid profile. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with lipid profile in Iranian women. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 380 adult women. Information about age, height, weight, BMI, physical activity, and dietary intake were collected. The serum levels of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol were measured. The FTO gene was genotyped for rs9939609 polymorphism. The participants were divided into two groups of TT and AT/AA considering dominant model of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. Results General characteristics of the participants with different FTO genotypes were not significantly different. The lower levels of HDL were observed in AT/AA genotypes compared to the TT wild type genotype of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism (P = 0.004). Adjustments of age, BMI, and physical activity did not change the results. Conclusions However, the significant association between FTO genotype and the HDL level was disappeared after further adjustments for dietary intake. Further studies are warranted to identify the underlying mechanisms of the possible association between FTO gene and serum lipid profile.

Study of serum lipid profile and serum lipo-protein (a) in type II diabetes mellitus patients compared to non-diabetics

Background: This study helps us in evaluating present Indian scenario of lipid and diabetic portfolio, and advices about how aggressive treatment should be for immediate control of blood sugars and lipids are to minimize the cardiovascular risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum lipid profile and lipo-protein (a) levels in comparison to patients with type II diabetics with non-diabetics.Methods:It was a hospital-based case control study conducted on patients presenting with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus and confirmed on doing appropriate investigation. 200 patients of which 100 were non-diabetic (control) and 100 type II diabetic patients, of which fifty were type II diabetics were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and 50 were on insulin only, were selected after matching for age and sex. Lipid profile, serum lipoprotein (a), ECG, 2D echo was studied in these patients.Results: The males were more (74%) than females (26%) among the cases. Fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c were significantly more in cases. Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and lipoprotein (a) were significantly more in cases. ST shift (mm) and T wave inversions were significantly more in cases compared to controls (p<0.05). Mean ejection fraction was significantly reduced in cases compared to controls. FBS and PPBS were not significantly different in two groups of OHA and insulin but HbA1c was significantly better controlled in insulin group than OHA group.Conclusions:Lipid profile and lipoprotein (a) as well as ECG and 2D echo parameters were significantly worse in diabetes patients. Hence appropriate management is important to prevent risk of complications.

CORRELATION BETWEEN HEMOGLOBIN A1C AND SERUM LIPID PROFILE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased prevalence ofdyslipidemia, which contributes to their high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study is an attempt to determine the correlation between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and serum lipid profile and to evaluate the importance of HbA1c as an indicator of dyslipidemia with Type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study had 240 participants between the age groups of 20-70 years included 80 males and 40 females in diabetic group whereas the control group included 78 males and 42 females. T.cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL were calculated by semi automated analyzer and LDL and VLDL were calculated by Friedewald’s Formula. HbA1c was measured by turbidMetric Method. Results: Data was represented as mean ± standard deviation or median with statistically significant values of T. Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TGs and HbA1c (P< 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C. Patients with HbA1c value greater than 7.0% had significantly higher value of cholesterol, LDL-C, and compared with patients with an HbA1c value up to 7.0%. Conclusion: Significant positive correlation of HbA1c with Lipid profiles in our study suggests that HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia in addition to a glycemic control parameter for prevention of complication.