The Interaction of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Subtypes of Child Abuse on Social Cognition in Euthymic Patients With Bipolar Disorder Type I

Abstract Background: Most studies on cognitive impairment in Bipolar Disorder (BD) have neglected the role of early stress, despite the high frequency of childhood maltreatment in this clinical group. The aim of this study was to establish a connection between a history of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in childhood and social cognition (SC) functioning in patients with BD type I in euthymia, and to test a possible moderating effect of the polymorphism rs53576 in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. Results: We found a high frequency of child abuse, indicating that BD patients who had been victims of physical and emotional abuse as children, and were carriers of the GG genotype at OXTR rs53576, displayed higher social cognition alterations, specifically in an emotion recognition test. Conclusions: The gene-environment interaction study presented here proposes a Differential Susceptibility model of a genetic polymorphism that can be plausibly associated with SC functioning. This evidence might help to identify at-risk clinical subgroups within a diagnostic category with well-established intra-group heterogeneity such as BD. Future research aimed at testing the inter-level impact of early stress constitutes an ethical-clinical duty in light of the high rates of childhood abuse reported in bipolar patients.

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Social cognition in first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder: Theory of Mind and nonverbal sensitivity

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0246908

Author(s):

Usue Espinós ◽

Enrique G. Fernández-Abascal ◽

Mercedes Ovejero ◽

Guillermo Lahera

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Nonverbal Sensitivity ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Significant Impairment ◽

Bipolar Patients

Social cognition might be impaired in first degree relatives (FDR) of BD but existing research shows controversial results about social cognitive impairments in this population. The aim of this study was to assess Theory of Mind (ToM) and nonverbal sensitivity in FDR of BD and compare the results with those of two groups of persons with remitted bipolar disorder (BD), type I and II, and a control group. Social cognitive ability was examined in first degree relatives of BD, with a biological parent, offspring or sibling diagnosed with the disorder. For this study, 37 FDRs of bipolar patients, 37 BD I, 40 BD II and 40 control participants were recruited. Social cognition was explored by means of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the MiniPONS. Results showed a significant impairment in FDR of BD in the ToM task, but not in nonverbal sensitivity. Performance of FDRs in social cognition is better than that of BDs (either type I or type II) but worse when compared with that of healthy individuals without a family history of psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, no differences were found between BD I and BD II groups. Males and older participants showed a worse performance in all groups. Group family therapy with FDRs of BD might include training in the recognition of nonverbal cues, which might increase the understanding of their familiars with BD, in order to modify communication abilities.

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Blood Type and Bipolar Disorder

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.988 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 988-988

Author(s):

Tamas Zonda ◽

David Lester

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Blood Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Bipolar Patients

Type I bipolar patients in Budapest were reported to have type O blood more often and types A and B blood less often than Type II bipolar patients.

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Abnormal white matter integrity as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1547-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. Sarıçiçek ◽

N. Zorlu ◽

N. Yalın ◽

C. Hıdıroğlu ◽

B. Çavuşoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

White Matter ◽

Clinical State ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Corona Radiata ◽

Left Posterior ◽

Axis I ◽

Bipolar Patients

BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with white matter (WM) pathology. Investigation of unaffected first-degree relatives of BD patients may help to distinguish structural biomarkers of genetic risk without the confounding effects of burden of illness, medication or clinical state. In the present study, we applied tract-based spatial statistics to study WM changes in patients with BD, unaffected siblings and controls.MethodA total of 27 euthymic patients with BD type I, 20 unaffected siblings of bipolar patients and 29 healthy controls who did not have any current or past diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders were enrolled in the study.ResultsFractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in BD patients than in the control group in the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, superior corona radiata, anterior corona radiata and left external capsule. In region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, we found that both unaffected siblings and bipolar patients had significantly reduced FA in the left posterior thalamic radiation, the left sagittal stratum, and the fornix compared with healthy controls. Average FA for unaffected siblings was intermediate between the healthy controls and bipolar patients within these ROIs.ConclusionsDecreased FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation and left sagittal stratum in both bipolar patients and unaffected siblings may represent a potential structural endophenotype or a trait-based marker for BD.

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Subthreshold Manifestations of Bipolar Disorders as Health Care’s tool

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70820-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

M. Mazza ◽

D. Harnic ◽

G. Marano ◽

V. Catalano ◽

L. Janiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Type I ◽

Male Patients ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Disorder Type

Introdution:Our study represents a pilot evaluation about how the MOOD-SR recognizes subthreshold manifestations that may be associated with clinical symptomatology in a group of bipolar patients.Methods:At Day Hospital of Psychiatry, Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Bipolar Disorders Unit, it has been conducted an experimental study on a heterogeneous sample of 24 patients with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type I. Patients have been assessed with the MOOD-SR, a clinical self-reported interview, that is specific for the spectrum of subthreshold pathology, and with the Quality of Life (QoL), that investigates the patient's quality of life.Results:We have found that 16 patients on 24 report a score higher than 60 (68,4%). Among these, 10 female patients on 15 have a total score higer than 61 (68.75%) while 6 male patients on 9 obtain a total score higher than 60 (62,5%). However, these results have only preliminary value, further studies are needed in order to obtain a deeper evaluation.Conclusion:Spectrum manifestations are both indicator of course and response to treatment and predictive for relapse. This finding may represent an important preventive instrument for maniacal relapse in patients with Bipolar Disorder, that is often underdiagnosed or confused for Unipolar Depression. By adequately recognizing the problem we will be able to refine diagnosis and individualize therapy.

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Social functioning and social cognition in bipolar disorder: Is there a connection?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1175 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S336-S336

Author(s):

V. Maria Iulia ◽

R.C. Delphine ◽

H. Audrey ◽

K. Arthur

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Global Functioning ◽

Literature Searches ◽

The Social ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionThe research interest in social cognition in bipolar disorder has increased in a significant way in the last decade showing major impairments, especially in mental state reasoning, even during euthymia (Samamé et al., 2012; Samamé et al., 2015). Social cognitive processes in humans describe the ways individuals draw inferences about other people's beliefs and the ways they weigh social situational factors in making these inferences (Green et al., 2008). A causal relationship between social cognition deficits and global functioning has been already established in schizophrenic populations (Green et al., 2015). But there is still little information regarding the relation between social cognition and social functioning in bipolar disorder.AimsTo review the relationship between general/social functioning and social cognitive impairments in bipolar patients.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted. Relevant articles were identified through literature searches in PubMed/Medline, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases dating from 2000 to 2015 using the keywords “bipolar”, “social cognition”, “theory of mind”, “mentalizing”, “emotion recognition”, “emotion processing”, “functioning” and “quality of life”.ResultsThe findings of the review will be discussed, regarding the specificity of the thymic state of the patients and the social cognition instruments used.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to explore specifically the relation between the social cognition deficits and the general/social functioning of bipolar patients. This exploration is of interest for a better comprehension of this disorder to improve the outcome of the patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S118-S119

Author(s):

G. Jmii ◽

M. Zghal ◽

F. Ghali ◽

M. Mezghenni ◽

L. Jouini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Hospital ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionPeople with bipolar disorder frequently struggle with substance abuse and dependence. Typically, cannabis is the most commonly abused drug in individuals with bipolar disorder. Some investigators have implied that cannabis may actually be mood stabilizing in patients with bipolar disorder. However, the relationships between cannabis use and bipolar disorders are complex and remain incompletely described.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of addiction to cannabis in bipolar patients type I and determine the consequences of cannabis on the expression of bipolar illness and prognosis.MethodsThis is a comparative cross-sectional study which included patients followed in the psychiatry department of the G Razi hospital for bipolar disorder type I and for substance dependence according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria. Hetero-questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, clinical and treatment.ResultsThe average age was 41 years. The average hospital stay was 9.18 days. 33.33% of patients were monitored regularly. Most patients were single and worked as a day labourer. Cannabis was the most consumed substance. Cannabis use was prior to the expression of psychiatric illness in 55% of cases. The average number of hospitalisation in patients with a cannabis addiction was significantly greater than that observed in the non-addicted group. Similarly, the average number of suicide attempts among patients with cannabis addiction was significantly higher than the group without cannabis addiction.ConclusionsAggressive drug abuse treatment immediately after a first psychiatric hospitalisation might decrease rates of recurrence and new cases of cannabis use disorder in the course of bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Relationship between olfactory function and social cognition in euthymic bipolar patients

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852913000382 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Guillermo Lahera ◽

Salvador Ruiz-Murugarren ◽

Alberto Fernández-Liria ◽

Jerónimo Saiz-Ruiz ◽

Benjamin E. Buck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Emotion Recognition ◽

Recognition Test ◽

Olfactory Function ◽

Facial Emotion Recognition ◽

Facial Emotion ◽

Olfactory Identification ◽

Olfactory Ability ◽

Bipolar Patients

Objective/IntroductionThere is a close functional and neuroanatomical relationship between olfactory ability and emotional processing. The present study seeks to explore the association between olfactory ability and social cognition, especially facial emotion perception, in euthymic bipolar patients.MethodsThirty-nine euthymic outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder and 40 healthy volunteers matched on socio-demographic criteria were recruited. Both groups were assessed at one time point with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Emotion Recognition Test, and The Faux Pas Recognition Test, as well as measures of general cognition and functioning.ResultsThe bipolar patients showed a significant impairment in olfactory identification (UPSIT) and social cognition measures compared to healthy controls. Analyses revealed significant relationships between olfactory identification and facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, general cognition, and a trend-level relationship with functioning. Controlling for age and cigarettes smoked, relationships remained significant between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition.ConclusionThere is a deficit of olfactory identification in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder that is correlated with a deficit in both verbal and non-verbal measures of social cognition.

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Emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1145 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S330-S330

Author(s):

E. Chapela ◽

J. Quintero ◽

M. Félix-Alcántara ◽

I. Morales ◽

C. Javier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Type I ◽

Severe Mental Disorders ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Principal Factors ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionEmotional intelligence is defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions. In bipolar disorder seem to be more conserved, with less functional impairment than other severe mental disorders as schizophrenia. So far, there are few studies analyzing emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder.ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to better understand the different characteristics and the factors affecting these social-cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder.AimsTo explore possible factors related to emotional intelligence in these severe mental disorders: symptoms, cognitive functioning, quality of life and psychosocial function.Material and methodsTwenty-six adults bipolar type I patients were examined using MSCEIT (the most validated test for emotional intelligence), BPRS, YMRS, HDRS, WAIS-IV, TMT and Rey Figure in order to determine the level of emotional intelligence and factors relate.ResultsBipolar patients show lack of emotional intelligence when compared with general population. Cognitive impairment and age are the principal factors related.DiscussionResults are discussed and compared with recent literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Evolution of bipolar disorder in dual pathology

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S340-S340

Author(s):

C.F. Silvia ◽

M.D. Sánchez García ◽

A. Gómez Peinado ◽

P. Cano Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

High Frequency ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Dual Pathology ◽

The Subject ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Bipolar Patients

IntroductionThe substance use is common among people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. In addition, alcoholism and bipolar disorder coexist with a high frequency. This association is higher in men than in women, and this consumption is the factor that most strongly influences the hospitalization.ObjectivesTo analyze the clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic approach and evolution of bipolar disorder and alcoholism.MethodsReview of the subject on recent articles of alcoholism in bipolar disorder.ResultsThe stages of mania associated with alcohol consumption up to 40% of cases and are more common at this stage that in depressive. This association is greater than that which occurs between alcoholism and schizophrenia or depression. Patients with bipolar disorder who have mixed and irritative states and those with rapid cycling have a prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use higher than those who do not use substances. It has also been observed that the consumption of alcohol and substance use can change the symptoms of mania and turn them into a mixed state symptoms. It also states that rapid cycles can be precipitated by increased alcohol consumption during rotation from mania to depression.ConclusionsThe association of bipolar disorder with addictive behaviors is a factor that worsens the prognosis and comorbid alcohol itself is associated with a poor prognosis. Close monitoring of bipolar patients and especially in those who consume alcohol is very important.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, cannabis and childhood sexual abuse on phenotype of bipolar disorder: A preliminary study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.10.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 323-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. De Pradier ◽

P. Gorwood ◽

B. Beaufils ◽

J. Adès ◽

C. Dubertret

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Bipolar Patient ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Present Sample ◽

Short Allele ◽

Cannabis Abuse ◽

Bipolar Patients

AbstractObjectiveThe gene coding for the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is considered as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder, either as a “vulnerability” or as a “modifying the phenotype” gene. Psychotic symptoms occur at least once in one bipolar patient out of two, the relevant risk factors being insufficiently understood. The gene × environment interaction approach offers the opportunity to disentangle the latter, including childhood sexual abuse and cannabis abuse.MethodsWe investigated the 5-HTTLPR of the 5-HTT gene (G) and the presence of childhood sexual abuse and cannabis comorbidity (E) in 137 bipolar patients with (versus without) lifetime psychotic symptoms.ResultsThe short allele and cannabis abuse were significantly more frequent among patients with psychotic symptoms than in those without (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively), while childhood sexual abuse was not. Complex interactions were found between presence of the short allele, cannabis abuse or dependence and childhood sexual abuse.ConclusionsThe short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene was a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder in the present sample, directly but also indirectly, through the presence of cannabis abuse or dependence, as an exacerbating factor heightening psychotic symptoms.

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