scholarly journals Cheese, Microbiome and Obesity: A Love Triangle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Meyer ◽  
Elin Roos ◽  
Jacques Schrenzel ◽  
Frédéric Ris ◽  
Justin Davies
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Love Triangle

Abstract IntroductionRecent evidence has shown the importance of the microbiome in the development and maintenance of obesity. Probiotics were proposed for modulating the microbiome in order to achieve weight loss.MethodsData related to consumption of dairy food in European countries were obtained from the Global Dairy Consumption Report of the European Association of Dairy Trade Eucolait. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in European countries was extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Repository. Linear regression was performed.ResultsConsumption of cheese in kilogram per capita was inversely correlated to the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in 26 European countries (R2: 0.298, p=0.004).ConclusionConsumption of cheese appears to protect against weight gain. This finding deserves further confirmation by longitudinal studies or randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Osteopathic correction in the treatment of pain in the lower back

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
V. O. Belash ◽  
Yu. O. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Acute Back Pain ◽  
Health Organization

According to experts of the World Health Organization the lower back pain (LBP) prevalence in developed countries reaches the pandemic size, and it is a serious medical and socio-economic problem. Acute back pain is transformed into chronic in 10–20 % of working age patients′ cases; this causes serious psychological disorders appearing, forms painful behavior and persists even when the initial pain trigger is eliminated. Data from metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials indicate the effectiveness of the osteopathic approach in the treatment of LBP patients. At the same time the osteopathic correction is effective not only for acute pain, but also for chronic pain. A case from clinical practice is described demonstrating the possibility of osteopathic correction of a LBP patient.

Abortion in Europe: Recent legislative changes and risk of inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andrea Cioffi ◽  
Camilla Cecannecchia ◽  
Fernanda Cioffi ◽  
Giorgio Bolino ◽  
Raffaella Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Induced Abortion ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
European Women

BACKGROUND: Induced abortion is a medical practice that has always been much discussed all over the world. Abortion is allowed in most European countries at the request of the woman with limitations that are imposed mainly by the gestational age. However, there are legislative differences between European countries which impose stringent limits on the use of induced abortion. OBJECTIVE: This article analyzes the European legislation on abortion, with a particular focus on countries in which there have been recent legislative changes in recent years, and the possible consequent risk of inequality among European women. METHODS: Government and ministerial websites of the countries analyzed have been consulted to investigate abortion laws in Europe. In addition, the Global Abortion Policies Database of the World Health Organization was also consulted for a regulatory comparison. RESULTS: The differences between the various European countries are considerable. Although guaranteed by most legislation, abortion remains a fragile right in some European countries. CONCLUSION: Different legislation in the various countries of Europe causes difficulties for women who want to have an abortion but who reside in states where there are strict limits to abortion. In addressing the issue of induced abortion, we must not forget that the center of this practice is the woman. For this reason, it is essential to apply a reasoning based on respect for women’s rights: freedom, health, and self-determination.

scholarly journals Post Covid-19 urbanization requires new standards and per capita in planning, design, and building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdol Aziz Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Urban Places

Abstract This paper studies investment reductions in urban health protection programs in the recent decades under the umbrella of plutocratic ideas. It studies the densely populated slums with little urban spaces, narrow sidewalks, traffic jams, and degraded environmental components. This paper addresses the question of how shall we reopen post-covid-19 cities sustainably and lively? Our method to find a solution is an innovative mathematical model that suggests revision in the current regulations and standards, sizes, and per capita of urban spaces with the help of maximizing necessary investments. This paper analyzes crowded neighborhoods, urban transport sites, and polluted environments where people cannot respect world health organization protocols concerning individual and public health protection. This research aims to maximize investment in public health protection for supplying suitable urban places’ sizes. Outcomes of this research will be helpful to reopen cities in the post-covid-19 everywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Does the Use of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Treating Patients with Uncomplicated falciparum Malaria Reduce the Risk for Recurrent New falciparum Infection More Than Artemether-Lumefantrine?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisdom Akpaloo ◽  
Edward Purssell
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Disease Burden

Malaria contributes significantly to the global disease burden. The World Health Organization recommended the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria a decade ago in response to problems of drug resistance. This review compared two of the ACTs—Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DP) and Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) to provide evidence which one has the ability to offer superior posttreatment prophylaxis at 28 and 42 days posttreatment. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database and Global Health) were searched on June 2, 2013 and a total of seven randomized controlled trials conducted in sub-Sahara Africa were included. Results involving 2, 340 participants indicates that reduction in risk for recurrent new falciparum infections (RNIs) was 79% at day 28 in favour of DP [RR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.32, P<0.001], and at day 42 was 44% favouring DP [RR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.90; P=0.02]. No significant difference was seen in treatment failure rates between the two drugs at days 28 and 42. It is concluded that use of DP offers superior posttreatment prophylaxis compared to AL in the study areas. Hence DP can help reduce malaria cases in such areas more than AL.

The Origins of a Global Standard for Food Quality and Safety: Codex Alimentarius Austriacus and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Vojir ◽  
Erwin Schübl ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa
Keyword(s):  
Food Samples ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Codex Alimentarius Commission ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

In the second half of the 19th century the incidence of food adulterations increased very rapidly, prompting many European countries to put into force food laws to fight these practices. A number of parallel attempts were undertaken to establish a collection of instructions for the assessment of food samples to warrant the comparability of results obtained and interpreted by different experts. The first official steps towards such a standardization was made in 1891 at an international meeting of food chemists and microscopic scientists in Vienna. As a consequence, Austria installed a “Scientific Commission” in 1891, which drafted chapters for a future Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. In 1907, a Codex Commission was installed by the Ministry of Interior, but it took about four years, from 1907 to 1911, before the first edition of this compendium was published. So far, four editions have followed. The Codex Alimentarius Austriacus is a set of standards and guidelines for stakeholders, authorities, and law courts as a base for their activities. It has evolved over the past 100 years to become a flexible instrument, which has become indispensable for Austria. After 1945, attempts were made in different parts of the world to develop standardized rules for the testing of food samples to prevent trade barriers within the respective region. In Europe for instance, the development of a Codex Alimentarius Europaeus initiated by the Austrian Hans Frenzel, and based upon the model of the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus, made good progress. A number of other European countries were involved in this project. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations were intent on impeding such regional activities to prevent trade barriers at a global level. Between 1960 and 1963, steps were taken to install a FAO/WHO Codex partly in close cooperation with the Codex Alimentarius Europaeus. Since 1963, the FAO/WHO Codex Commission has issued the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, which took its name and some organizational aspects from Codex Alimentarius Europaeus, that was itself modeled after the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. The Codex Alimentarius Europaeus was incorporated into the Codex Alimentarius Commission as the regional coordinating committee for Europe, thus providing a model for the six regional coordination committees of the Codex Alimentarius Commission existing today.

scholarly journals World TB day: European countries report over 400,000 tuberculosis cases in 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Falzon ◽  
J C Desenclos
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In 2004, 414 163 tuberculosis cases were notified by 51 of the 52 countries of the World Health Organization European Region, representing 8% of notifications to WHO worldwide in the same year. Seventy per cent of all TB cases in the region were in the 12 countries of the Former Soviet Union

scholarly journals Appearance of a novel measles G3 strain in multiple European countries within a two month period, 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Brown ◽  
M N Mulders ◽  
F Freymuth ◽  
S Santibanez ◽  
M M Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Series ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Travel History ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Genotype G3

During late 2010, a previously unrecognised strain of measles genotype G3 virus was identified in five different European countries by the World Health Organization Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Apart from one, none had a travel history to south-east Asia, the usual source of G3 viruses, although epidemiological links could be established between some of the cases. This case series illustrates the value of genotyping and sequencing in tracking measles infections, and identifying otherwise unrecognised chains of transmission.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 management: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Umayal Adaikkalavan ◽  
Jeeja Mathummal Cherumanalil ◽  
Salwa Pannikkottuthodi ◽  
Hasna Poovancheri
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic on March 11th 2020 by the world health organization (WHO). Vaccination is for preventing COVID-19 morbidity but when people are infected, treatment is required and even after one and half years the effective cure is yet to be discovered. In this context monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising innovative therapeutic agents in controlling COVID-19 infection. Researchers have found more than 50 mAbs against COVID-19 and they are at different stages of development.  Scientists are pacing the research on mAbs. mAbs are innovative therapeutic agents in this context a scoping narrative review was done. At present we have evidences from numerous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on mAbs in effective control of respiratory and coagulation related complications due to COVID-19 infection. Many have got emergency use approval and few of which were withdrawn due to absence of enough evidences or adverse reactions. Examples are bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab and imdevimab. Other than these many investigational (mAbs) are under scrutiny. With the current evidences the article will give an insight to new and repurposed mAbs which are still under investigation in the management of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Limitations of recently published review of national influenza pandemic plans in Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nicoll ◽  
R Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The influenza pandemic preparedness plans for 21 of 29 European countries, published between January 2002 and November 2005, were recently reviewed and compared against a series of attributes based on the 2005 checklist produced by the World Health Organization

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