Multiple Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Active Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patient: Long Term Therapeutic Outcomes.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease. One of the challenges in the treatment of MS is how to overcome relapses without severe adverse effects. Due to their immunoregulatory properties and safety, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), present a potential alternative for treatment for MS. Objectives: The efficacy and safety of a long-term MSCs therapy in MS remain to be established. In this communication, we report the clinical condition and disease progression of an MS patient treated for 11 years, with multiple infusions of MSCs derived from either his bone marrow (BM), pooled human umbilical cords (UC), or from his own child umbilical cord. Methods: A male patient diagnosed as progressive MS (EDSS score 3) was enrolled into our study and received 1×106 cells/kg of MSCs, at least once a year for 9 years. Results: The MSCs treatment was well tolerated with no significant side effects. Following the transplantation of MSCs, the overall EDSS scores of the patient decreased over the 10 years period of observation. MRI investigation did not reveal any new lesions. However, upon the cessation of the MSCs treatment, the EDSS score increased from 1.0 to 3.5, further supporting the notion that in such a patient, the transplantation of MSCs, had a significant beneficial effect. Conclusions: This case study is the first to report on the beneficial effects of multiple infusions of BM- and UC-MSCs in a progressive MS patient, over a period of 11 years, in absence of any other treatments. Hence, multiple infusions of MSCs may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with aggressive MS.