scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background Research on the effects of marriage on health has largely maintained that there is a distinctly gender-specific gradient in health, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for these differences is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework activities and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the associations between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time allocation to childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent in housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions Time allocations to role-related activities have differential associations on health and these effects varies by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take into account social and gender roles.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Research on the effects of marriage on health maintains that there is a gender-specific gradient, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for this difference is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the association between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results: The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children in the household under 18 years old were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time spent on childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent on housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions: Time allocation to role-related activities have differential associations on health, and the effects vary by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take social and gender roles into account.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Research on the effects of marriage on health has largely maintained that there is a distinctly gender-specific gradient in health, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for these differences is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework activities and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the associations between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women.Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women.Results: The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time allocation to childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent in housework was associated with poor health, especially among women.Conclusions: Time allocations to role-related activities have differential associations on health and these effects varies by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take into account social and gender roles.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background Research on the effects of marriage on health maintains that there is a gender-specific gradient, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for this difference is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the association between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children under 18 years old in the household were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time spent on childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent on housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions Time allocation to role-related activities have differential associations on health, and the effects vary by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take social and gender roles into account.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Research on the effects of marriage on health maintains that there is a gender-specific gradient, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for this difference is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the association between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women.Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women.Results: The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children in the household under 18 years old were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time spent on childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent on housework was associated with poor health, especially among women.Conclusions: Time allocation to role-related activities have differential associations on health, and the effects vary by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take social and gender roles into account.

Betaalde arbeid en zorg voor kinderen; concurrerend of complementair?

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroesjka Versantvoort
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Child Interaction

Complementarity and competition in time spent on paid work and childcare Complementarity and competition in time spent on paid work and childcare Time spent by parents on child care can be considered as a form of investment in the development of children. By offering leave arrangements, the Dutch government endeavours to stimulate parents to combine paid work and child care and to intensify parent-child interaction. In this paper we analyse the plausibility of the hypothesis that a (temporary) reduction of work time leads to a (temporary) increase of time spent on childcare by means of tobit regressions of time use data for the Netherlands. We scrutinised the period from 1975 to 2000. The results show, in line with the international literature, that a reduction of work time leads to an increase of time spent on child care, both for men and women with at least one child under the age of five. However, this increase turns out to be quite small. Furthermore, the results show for women with young children that the amount of working hours hardly affects the time spent on children; women in fulltime jobs appear to spend approximately twenty minutes less on child care compared to women who are not working. For men this difference is approximately five minutes.

How Do Women and Men Use Extra Time? Housework and Childcare after the French 35-Hour Workweek Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Pailhé ◽  
Anne Solaz ◽  
Arthur Souletie
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Partial Implementation

Abstract This paper analyses how and when men and women devote their extra time to childcare and housework by exploiting an exogenous shock in scheduling: the partial implementation of the 35-hour workweek reform in France. Using propensity score matching and the most recent time use survey (INSEE, 2010), we show that time reallocations differ by gender and day of the week. While men dedicate their extra time to performing more housework on weekdays in the form of mainly time-flexible tasks such as repairs or shopping, they do less on weekends. This shift from weekends to weekdays is not observed for women who perform day-to-day tasks that are less transferable. Women spend more time on childcare and reduce multitasking. Overall, task specialization by gender is more pronounced, and this gendered use of similar extra time illustrates that time allocation is not only a question of time availability. In particular, men and women ‘do gender’ at weekends, when performing tasks is more visible to others.

Gender Differences in Activities and Mobility in the Netherlands, 1975 to 1990

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul van Beek ◽  
Nelly Kalfs ◽  
Ursula Blom
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Car Use ◽  
The Difference

As in many other countries, a growing number of women in the Netherlands are entering the labor market. The difference between male and female participation in paid work is decreasing, and more men are taking care of domestic duties. It is expected that these changes will lead to growing numbers of task combiners and to more similar patterns of travel behavior for men and women. The intention of the present research is to investigate these expectations for the situation in the Netherlands. For this goal two groups of time budget data for the period from 1975 to 1990 were analyzed. The focus was on gender differences in trends in time use and mobility. The results indicate that between 1975 and 1990, the distribution of paid work and domestic work by men and women changed, more men and women were performing combinations of obligatory tasks, gender differences in mobility became smaller, and car use, both for men and for women, depended heavily on the workload of an out-of-home paid job.

Basic Income and Time Use Democratization

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Rodríguez Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

AbstractTime has become a valuable asset within capitalism. “Time is money” is a well known and usually shared principle. As in regard to many other type of assets, the distribution of time is pretty unfair, as well as it is the value consideration of the time allocated for different people to different activities. The distribution of time, as well as what people can or cannot do with their time, is a key issue among feminist debates. The main argument is that time allocation to paid and unpaid work is very different and unfair between genders. Women allocate much more time to unpaid work, and men, on the contrary allocate much more time to paid work. This has a reasonable and direct consequence in terms of income generation. This unequal distribution of time (and work) represents the main obstacle to women’s economic autonomy and to overcome gender income gaps.

scholarly journals Modelling Unpaid Housework Time in Poland on the Basis of a Time Use Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Marta Hozer-Koćmiel ◽  
Wojciech Kuźmiński
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Care Economy ◽  
Economics Of Happiness

AbstractResearch background: The paper introduces an econometric analysis of unpaid household work in Poland.Purpose: The purpose is a quantitative analysis of the relations between the time spent on unpaid housework and some selected demographic, economic and social variables.Research methodology: In the survey, the respondents were grouped by gender and type of locality. It was hypothesized that there are strong differences in the determinants of housework time by gender and type of locality. Multiple regression models for housework time and 23 demographic, social and economic variables were estimated and verified. The analysis was conducted on the basis of individual data from the Time Use Survey conducted by the Statistics Poland in 2013.Results: The empirical study found no differences in the key determinants of housework time between women and men depending on the type of locality. The main factors of influence were: paid work time, time spent meeting physiological needs (sleeping, eating, washing), time spent on learning, the number of children and, finally, economic activity.Novelty: The theoretical part outlines barely known economic theories that addressed the issue of unpaid housework. The authors describe the care economy, humanistic economics, economics of happiness, time allocation theory as well as a two-dimensional approach to poverty research. Housework (which means the unpaid activity of household members aimed at satisfying the needs of individuals forming the household) has also been out of economic mainstream categories. Even though unpopular, it has an economic value and can be replaced by market goods and services or offered by the state. The authors have been persuaded that there are tangible and intangible benefits resulting from this type of work.

The time allocation to children by parents in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Gauthier ◽  
Berenice DeGusti
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
National Differences ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Cross National

This article examines cross-national differences in the time parents allocate to their children using aggregate data from 15 countries collected as part of the Harmonized European Time Use Survey (HETUS). The analysis is restricted to married or cohabiting parents with at least one child under the age of seven. Results show large differences between countries; differences which appear to be associated with four main national characteristics: the countries’ level of economic development, the number of hours spent in paid work, values regarding gender roles, and post-materialist values. Some elements of the countries’ work–family policies also appear to matter but their overall effect is less conclusive.

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