scholarly journals Modelling Unpaid Housework Time in Poland on the Basis of a Time Use Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Marta Hozer-Koćmiel ◽  
Wojciech Kuźmiński
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Care Economy ◽  
Economics Of Happiness

AbstractResearch background: The paper introduces an econometric analysis of unpaid household work in Poland.Purpose: The purpose is a quantitative analysis of the relations between the time spent on unpaid housework and some selected demographic, economic and social variables.Research methodology: In the survey, the respondents were grouped by gender and type of locality. It was hypothesized that there are strong differences in the determinants of housework time by gender and type of locality. Multiple regression models for housework time and 23 demographic, social and economic variables were estimated and verified. The analysis was conducted on the basis of individual data from the Time Use Survey conducted by the Statistics Poland in 2013.Results: The empirical study found no differences in the key determinants of housework time between women and men depending on the type of locality. The main factors of influence were: paid work time, time spent meeting physiological needs (sleeping, eating, washing), time spent on learning, the number of children and, finally, economic activity.Novelty: The theoretical part outlines barely known economic theories that addressed the issue of unpaid housework. The authors describe the care economy, humanistic economics, economics of happiness, time allocation theory as well as a two-dimensional approach to poverty research. Housework (which means the unpaid activity of household members aimed at satisfying the needs of individuals forming the household) has also been out of economic mainstream categories. Even though unpopular, it has an economic value and can be replaced by market goods and services or offered by the state. The authors have been persuaded that there are tangible and intangible benefits resulting from this type of work.

scholarly journals Assessing the value of household work based on wages demanded on online platforms for substitutes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jokubauskaitė ◽  
Alyssa Schneebaum
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
A Value ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Time Use Survey

AbstractWe propose an improved method to assess the economic value of unpaid housework and childcare. Existing literature has typically assigned a minimum, generalist or specialist’s wage, or the performer’s opportunity cost to the hourly value of these activities. Then it was used to calculate macro-level value based on the number of hours spent in this work. In this paper, instead of imputing an average or minimum wage for housework and childcare to determine a value to the work, we use the actual local wage rate requested for these services from providers on online platforms. Applying this method to Austrian Time Use Survey data shows that the value of unpaid childcare and housework, had it been paid, would be equivalent to about 22% of the 2018 GDP.

How Do Women and Men Use Extra Time? Housework and Childcare after the French 35-Hour Workweek Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Pailhé ◽  
Anne Solaz ◽  
Arthur Souletie
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Partial Implementation

Abstract This paper analyses how and when men and women devote their extra time to childcare and housework by exploiting an exogenous shock in scheduling: the partial implementation of the 35-hour workweek reform in France. Using propensity score matching and the most recent time use survey (INSEE, 2010), we show that time reallocations differ by gender and day of the week. While men dedicate their extra time to performing more housework on weekdays in the form of mainly time-flexible tasks such as repairs or shopping, they do less on weekends. This shift from weekends to weekdays is not observed for women who perform day-to-day tasks that are less transferable. Women spend more time on childcare and reduce multitasking. Overall, task specialization by gender is more pronounced, and this gendered use of similar extra time illustrates that time allocation is not only a question of time availability. In particular, men and women ‘do gender’ at weekends, when performing tasks is more visible to others.

Impact of Wife's Employment upon Husband's Housework

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON Y. NICKOLS ◽  
EDWARD J. METZEN
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Consideration ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

The allocation of time is recognized as a major economic consideration for families. Analysis of longitudinal data on time use offers a fruitful method for examining change and/or stability in roles of husbands and wives. In this panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in housework and husbands spending most time in employment. Cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time. Basic patterns of time allocation predominate over the 6 years, with wife's employment time having very little impact on husband's housework time. Implications for families and for social policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Research on the effects of marriage on health maintains that there is a gender-specific gradient, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for this difference is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the association between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results: The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children in the household under 18 years old were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time spent on childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent on housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions: Time allocation to role-related activities have differential associations on health, and the effects vary by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take social and gender roles into account.

The time allocation to children by parents in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Gauthier ◽  
Berenice DeGusti
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
National Differences ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Cross National

This article examines cross-national differences in the time parents allocate to their children using aggregate data from 15 countries collected as part of the Harmonized European Time Use Survey (HETUS). The analysis is restricted to married or cohabiting parents with at least one child under the age of seven. Results show large differences between countries; differences which appear to be associated with four main national characteristics: the countries’ level of economic development, the number of hours spent in paid work, values regarding gender roles, and post-materialist values. Some elements of the countries’ work–family policies also appear to matter but their overall effect is less conclusive.

Maternal Household Services and Children

10.5085/405.1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Charles L. Baum ◽  
James D. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Household Production ◽  
Present Value ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Wrongful Death ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Forensic economists in wrongful death cases are often asked to calculate the present value of household services a decedent otherwise would have provided. In this paper, we calculate the amount of time mothers allocate to provide household services on average by the age of the youngest child and by the number of children using 2003-2013 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data. We separately examine household production and time caring and helping others. Our results show that mothers with younger children and more children generally allocate more time for household services. However, while maternal caring and helping time decreases with the age of the youngest child, maternal household production increases with the age of the youngest child. In contrast to other published sources, the information we provide will allow economists to adjust for the number of children, and to better adjust for the age of the youngest household child, when calculating the present value of lost household production in wrongful death cases involving deceased mothers.

scholarly journals Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenisha Russell Jonsson ◽  
Gustav Oberg ◽  
Florence Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Research on the effects of marriage on health has largely maintained that there is a distinctly gender-specific gradient in health, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for these differences is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework activities and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the associations between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women.Methods: Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women.Results: The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time allocation to childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent in housework was associated with poor health, especially among women.Conclusions: Time allocations to role-related activities have differential associations on health and these effects varies by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take into account social and gender roles.

Gender Inequality in Housework: Persistence and Change by Partnership and Parenthood Status in the Early 2000s

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110317
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Chao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Parenthood Status

Heterosexual unions and parenthood are key contributors to gender inequality in housework. Over the last two decades, the social meaning of partnership and parenthood has changed. This study investigated whether this change in the narrative of partnership and parenthood status influenced changes in the housework gender gap. Using the American Time Use Survey 2003–2005 and 2013–2015, the findings show that housework gender gap was larger for people in a couple relationship than for singles. For nonparents, the gender gap in housework was no difference between those married and those cohabiting. Gender inequality in housework persisted among married parents but decreased among cohabiting parents, mainly because of the increase in cohabiting fathers’ housework time. These findings suggest a heterosexual union, particularly marriage, reproduces conventional gender roles. Men’s gendered behaviors were not uniform but diverse across partnership and parenthood status.

How Money Matters

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Usdansky ◽  
Wendy M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
College Degree ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Relative Earnings ◽  
Gender Display ◽  
The Relationship

Using new data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the authors consider how educational and parental status influence the relationship between wives’ relative earnings and the time they devote to housework in a climate of heightened gender egalitarianism and growing similarity between women’s and men’s time use. The authors capitalize on the large samples in the American Time Use Survey to study four groups of wives whose varying educational and parental statuses strengthen tests of theoretical claims regarding bargaining, gender display, and wives’ autonomy. Among wives with children at home and without a college degree, the authors find that relative earnings bear a curvilinear relationship to housework time, supporting predictions derived from exchange and gender display theories. Among wives with children and a college degree, and among wives without children regardless of degree status, relative earnings are unrelated to housework. In contrast, wives’ own earnings are inversely related to housework time across all four groups. The authors’ analyses suggest that educational and parental contexts jointly shape the relationship between wives’ earnings and their housework and the relative importance of bargaining, gender display, and autonomy.

Work time and well-being for workers at home: evidence from the American Time Use Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Giménez-Nadal ◽  
José Alberto Molina ◽  
Jorge Velilla
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Allocation Decisions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the time-allocation decisions of individuals who work from home (i.e. teleworkers), and compare them with their commuter counterparts. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003–2015, the authors analyze the time spent working, and the timing of work, of both commuters and teleworkers. Findings Results show that teleworkers devote 40 percent less time to market work activities than do commuters, and less than 60 percent of teleworkers work at “regular hours,” vs around 80 percent of their commuter counterparts. Using information from the Well-being Module for the years 2012 and 2013, the authors find that male teleworkers experience lower levels of negative feelings while working than do commuters. Originality/value This paper addresses the timing of work of workers working from home; and the instant well-being experienced, exploiting information at diary level.

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