scholarly journals Intraspecific Convergence of Flower Size Correlates With Pollinator Size on Different Mountains: A Case Study of a Bumblebee-Pollinated Lamium (Lamiaceae) Flowers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Toji ◽  
Natsumi Ishimoto ◽  
Shin Egawa ◽  
Yuta Nakase ◽  
Mitsuru Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lamium Album

Abstract BackgroundGeographic differences in flower size sometimes reflect geographic differences in pollinator size. However, we know little about whether this flower size specialization to the regional pollinator size occurred independently at many places or occurred once and then spread across the distribution range of the flower species. ResultsWe investigated the relationship between the local corolla tube length of flowers and morphological traits of local pollinators in 12 populations of Lamium album var. barbatum on two different mountains in the Japan Alps. Then, using 10 microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic differentiation among the 12 populations. The results showed that local corolla tube length was correlated with the average size of relevant morphological traits of the local pollinators: corolla tube length was greater in populations visited frequently by the largest flower visitors, Bombus consobrinus queens, than it was in other populations. We also found that the degree of genetic similarity between populations more closely reflected interpopulation geographic proximity than interpopulation similarity in corolla tube length.ConclusionsAlthough genetic similarity of populations was highly associated with geographic proximity, corolla tube length varied independently of geographic proximity and was associated with local pollinator size. These results suggest that in L. album var. barbatum, long corolla tube length evolved independently in populations on different mountains as a convergent adaptation to locally abundant large bumblebee species.

scholarly journals Intraspecific convergence of floral size correlates with pollinator size on different mountains: a case study of a bumblebee-pollinated Lamium (Lamiaceae) flowers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Toji ◽  
Natsumi Ishimoto ◽  
Shin Egawa ◽  
Yuta Nakase ◽  
Mitsuru Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lamium Album

AbstractBackgroundGeographic differences in floral size sometimes reflect geographic differences in pollinator size. However, we know little about whether this floral size specialization to the regional pollinator size occurred independently at many places or occurred once and then spread across the distribution range of the plant species.ResultsWe investigated the relationship between the local floral size of flowers and local pollinator size in 12 populations ofLamium albumvar.barbatumon two different mountains in the Japan Alps. Then, using 10 microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic differentiation among the 12 populations. The results showed that local floral size was correlated with the average size of relevant morphological traits of the local pollinators: floral size was greater in populations visited frequently by the largest flower visitors,Bombus consobrinusqueens, than it was in other populations. We also found that the degree of genetic similarity between populations more closely reflected interpopulation geographic proximity than interpopulation similarity in floral size.ConclusionsAlthough genetic similarity of populations was highly associated with geographic proximity, floral size varied independently of geographic proximity and was associated with local pollinator size. These results suggest that inL. albumvar.barbatum, large floral size evolved independently in populations on different mountains as a convergent adaptation to locally abundant large bumblebee species.

The Role of Grandparents in Shaping Faith Formation of Grandchildren: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Donald Deprez
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Faith Formation ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Research has long suggested that the relationship between a grandparent and grandchild is one of the most critical and important relationships one will ever experience. Because of the importance of the grandparent-grandchild relationship, this article seeks to find how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild, particularly looking at whether or not geographic proximity is a factor in their faith formation. We will begin by defining our problem statement and introductory thoughts, then move into a literature review synthesizing the findings from various research, articles, books, and publications that describe how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild. Finally, we will examine the data analysis and results of our research before offering practical conclusions for grandparents and the church.

scholarly journals Quantitative Classification of the Morphological Traits of Ray Florets in Large-flowered Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebin Song ◽  
Kang Gao ◽  
Guangxun Fan ◽  
Xiaogang Zhao ◽  
Zhilan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Quantitative Classification ◽  
Ray Florets

The large-flowered Chinese chrysanthemum is one of the most morphologically complex ornamental plants, and its identification and classification requires a well-defined and reproducible system. The diversity of the capitulum is determined mainly by multiple shapes of ray florets. However, the existing classification systems for ray floret types are incomplete and unsystematic. In this study, 299 ray florets from 151 large-flowered chrysanthemum varieties in China, as well as 12 related traits of ray florets, were selected for quantitative classification. First, as one of the most important indices of ray floret shape, the corolla tube merged degree (CTMD) was defined as the corolla tube length/ray floret length (CTL/RFL). Combined with a probability grading method and linear regression analysis, the CTMD was divided into three groups, flat, spoon, and tubular, of which the CTL/RFL ranged from 0 to 0.20, 0.20 to 0.60, and 0.60 to 1.00, respectively. Second, Q-mode cluster analysis indicated that each group could be further categorized into three types (straight, curved, and atypical), based on other important variables in the ray floret. Finally, the ray floret was classified into nine types, including flat-straight, flat-curve, flat-atypical, spoon-straight, spoon-curve, spoon-atypical, tubular-straight, tubular-curve, and tubular-atypical. This ray floret classification system will be valuable in the classification of capitulum shape and has significance for the identification, breeding, and international standardization of chrysanthemum cultivars.

scholarly journals Geography of Educational Institutions: Geospatial method in identifying Educational Deserts and Oasis-A Case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manulal Ram ◽  
Manoharan A N ◽  
Deepika Lakshman ◽  
Resmi Varghese
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Parent Perspective ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Institutional Choices ◽  
The Relationship

<i>Many studies have pointed out that the learner’s choice in opting a programme or the institution of study is largely driven by the institution’s geographic proximity. By assigning a constant buffer radius (geographic reach) for every institution, proximity analysis demarcates regions of lower and higher number of institutional choices available for a learner belonging to that region. Such geographic regions of educational deserts and educational oasis have been identified with respect to institutions of arts and science undergraduate programmes in the state of Kerala. The understanding of the relationship between the geography and the density of educational intuitions in a region will assist the educational planners and administrators and particularly beneficial in learner or parent perspective</i>

scholarly journals Geography of Educational Institutions: Geospatial method in identifying Educational Deserts and Oasis-A Case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manulal Ram ◽  
Manoharan A N ◽  
Deepika Lakshman ◽  
Resmi Varghese
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Parent Perspective ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Institutional Choices ◽  
The Relationship

<i>Many studies have pointed out that the learner’s choice in opting a programme or the institution of study is largely driven by the institution’s geographic proximity. By assigning a constant buffer radius (geographic reach) for every institution, proximity analysis demarcates regions of lower and higher number of institutional choices available for a learner belonging to that region. Such geographic regions of educational deserts and educational oasis have been identified with respect to institutions of arts and science undergraduate programmes in the state of Kerala. The understanding of the relationship between the geography and the density of educational intuitions in a region will assist the educational planners and administrators and particularly beneficial in learner or parent perspective</i>

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

Interactive acculturation of Turkish-Belgian parents and children in Flanders: A case study of Beringen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünver ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This article tackles the relationship between Turkish-Belgian families with the Flemish society, within the specific context of their experiences with early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in Flanders. Our findings are based on a focus group with mothers in the town of Beringen. The intercultural dimension of the relationships between these families and ECEC services is discussed using the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM). The acculturation patterns are discussed under three main headlines: language acquisition, social interaction and maternal employment. Within the context of IAM, our findings point to some degree of separationism of Turkish-Belgian families, while they perceive the Flemish majority to have an assimilationist attitude. This combination suggests a conflictual type of interaction. However, both parties also display some traits of integrationism, which points to the domain-specificity of interactive acculturation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document