scholarly journals Watershed prioritization for soil erosion mapping for the Lesser Himalayan Indian basin using PCA, WSA method in conjunction with morphometric parameters and GIS-based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar ◽  
Sunil Singh ◽  
Malay Pramanik ◽  
Shairy Chaudhary ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Watershed Prioritization ◽  
Relative Relief ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Relief Ratio

Abstract Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to deforestation, landslides, intensive agriculture, population pressure, and overgrazing, in particular, where various fluvial and denudation processes occur. It is important to assess the magnitude of problem and to understand the erosion process under normal conditions, so that effective measures can be implemented. Therefore, the study selected Kalsa watershed from the Lesser Himalayan region, where soil erosion is more prominent. Regarding this issue, to identify the hotspot of soil erosion of the basin, watershed prioritization methods using advanced geographical information system and remote sensing techniques integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a comparison has been made to evaluate the performance of these models. The study considered sixteen different morphometric parameters, including linear (Rho coefficient, stream frequency, drainage density, length of overland flow, drainage texture, and constant of channel maintenance); landscape (relative relief, relief ratio, basin slope, and ruggedness number); and shape (elongation ratio, form factor, circulatory ratio, and compactness coefficient). Both the method PCA and WSA indicate the same results showing high priority, meaning the outlet watersheds have high priority. The sub-watersheds in the north-eastern part have the lowest priority. The results also show that the length overland flow, relative relief, basin relief ratio and hypsometric integral are the most important indicators. The sub-watersheds prioritize high ranks, medium ranks, and low ranks out of 10 sub-watersheds covering about 45.32%, 27.78% and 26.90% area of the Kalsa River watershed, respectively. This study will help regional planners, farmers, and governments take more detailed decisions to propose efficient soil erosion control measures and conservation priorities of the watershed. The study findings have implications for sustainable land management and conservation goal targets (target 2.3 and 2.4; target 3.9; target 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3; target 15.3 and 15.4), which finally helps to achieve the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Prediction Using Morgan-Morgan-Finney Model in a GIS Environment in Northern Ethiopia Catchment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebreyesus Brhane Tesfahunegn ◽  
Lulseged Tamene ◽  
Paul L. G. Vlek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Soil Transport ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Erosion Prediction

Even though scientific information on spatial distribution of hydrophysical parameters is critical for understanding erosion processes and designing suitable technologies, little is known in Geographical Information System (GIS) application in developing spatial hydrophysical data inputs and their application in Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) erosion model. This study was aimed to derive spatial distribution of hydrophysical parameters and apply them in the Morgan-Morgan-Finney (MMF) model for estimating soil erosion in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Major data input for the model include climate, topography, land use, and soil data. This study demonstrated using MMF model that the rate of soil detachment varied from <20 t ha−1y−1to >170 t ha−1y−1, whereas the soil transport capacity of overland flow (TC) ranged from 5 t ha−1y−1to >42 t ha−1y−1. The average soil loss estimated by TC using MMF model at catchment level was 26 t ha−1y−1. In most parts of the catchment (>80%), the model predicted soil loss rates higher than the maximum tolerable rate (18 t ha−1y−1) estimated for Ethiopia. Hence, introducing appropriate interventions based on the erosion severity predicted by MMF model in the catchment is crucial for sustainable natural resources management.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil erosion, flood risk and groundwater potential of Dhanari watershed using remote sensing and geographic information system, district Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Rawat ◽  
M. P. S. Bisht ◽  
Y. P. Sundriyal ◽  
S. Banerjee ◽  
Vidushi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Geomorphic Response ◽  
Hypsometric Integral

AbstractQuantitative morphometric analysis of Dhanari watershed has been done using remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The impact of climate, lithology, tectonics, structural antecedents, vegetation cover and land use on hydrological processes is assessed by quantifying geomorphic parameters. The Dhanari River (a tributary of the Bhagirathi River) and its tributaries Dhanpati Gad and Kali Gad forms Dhanari watershed covering 91.8  Km2 area. Several geomorphic aspects viz. linear, areal, relief were computed to comprehend potentials of soil erosion, groundwater, flood vulnerability and the geomorphic response of watershed. LISS-III image is used to generate the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) map and assess the watershed dynamics. Values of computed hypsometric integral and morphometric parameters viz. drainage density ($$D_{{\text{d}}}$$ D d ), stream frequency ($$F_{{\text{s}}}$$ F s ), stream length ratio ($$L_{{{\text{ur}}}}$$ L ur ), bifurcation ratio ($$R_{{\text{b}}}$$ R b ), rho coefficient (ρ), drainage texture ($$D_{{\text{t}}}$$ D t ), circularity ratio ($$R_{{\text{c}}}$$ R c ), relief ratio ($$R_{{{\text{hl}}}}$$ R hl ), elongation ratio ($$R_{{\text{e}}}$$ R e ), form factor ($$F_{{\text{f}}}$$ F f ), basin shape ($$B_{{\text{s}}}$$ B s ), drainage intensity ($$D_{{\text{i}}}$$ D i ), compactness coefficient ($$C_{{\text{c}}}$$ C c ) and infiltration number ($$I_{{\text{f}}}$$ I f ) have shown a moderate and steady erosion rate, with low groundwater potential and low to moderate flood vulnerability in the watershed. Hypsometry presents a dependable geomorphic parameter to understand the erosion and geomorphic response of a watershed to hydrological processes. Hypsometric integral value (0.51) of Dhanari watershed suggests a mature topography with steady erosion in the watershed.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis and watershed prioritization in relation to soil erosion in Dudhnai Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Singh ◽  
S. Barman ◽  
G. Tirkey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractMorphologic parameters of a watershed could help in segregating critical sub-watersheds for taking up conservation practices and mitigation interventions. Determination of critical watersheds or prioritization of sub-watersheds is inevitable for efficient and sustainable watershed management programs and allocation of its natural resources. The traditional methods of determination of morphologic parameters are time consuming, expensive and requires huge labor. However, the process becomes easier, cheaper and faster with the advent of Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. In the present study, a combined approach of using toposheet, remotely sensed digital elevation model and morphometric ArcGIS toolbox has been adopted to determine morphometric parameters in Dudhnai river basin, a sub-basin of river Brahmaputra which is prone to both erosion and sedimentation. Seven sub-watersheds of Dudhnai have been prioritized by using the morphometric parameters and ranked them according to its vulnerability to soil erosion. The results of bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drainage intensity and constant of channel maintenance showed that Dudhnai watershed is a well-dissected watershed with less risk to flooding and soil erosion. However, significantly high values of infiltration number and ruggedness number obtained are indicative of very low infiltration which may result in high surface runoff and soil erosion. The study also revealed that channel erosion is stronger than sheet erosion in the basin. The prioritization of the sub-watersheds implied that Chil sub-watershed is the most susceptible sub-watershed that needs greater attention for soil and water conservation measures. The results of the present study could aid various stakeholders who are involved in the watershed development and management programs.

scholarly journals Geographical Information System Approach to Delineate the Watershed’s Morphometric Parameters for Sustainable Hydrological Modeling of Barind Region, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Md. Ashikur Rahman ◽  
M. H. Sazzad ◽  
R. S. Rupom
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Basin Surface

Water is an important resource of the earth’s surface and it is integral for all on this planet. The availability or the scarcity of water depends on the watershed characterizes that consider the basic, linear, and shape parameters of any waterbody. The objective of the study was to delineate 14 morphometric parameters in the Barind region (Dinajpur district, Bangladesh) for sustainable hydrological modeling. An ASTER-DEM of 30-meter resolution data, geographical information system (GIS), and Remote sensing technique were used for extracting drainage components of interest region. The whole study region was covered by the flow of the Purnovoba river, Jamuna river, Atrai river (part-1 and part-2). Research results found that the Purnovoba river had a high bifurcation ratio (0.9982) that defined hydrologically more disturbed than the other three watershed areas and it had a high stream frequency (0.8332) that denoted rocky having low infiltration capacity. Jamuna river had a low drainage density (0.7322) that defined more vegetation having higher permeability. Besides, the Jamuna river had the lowest no. of stream order that was insignificant in the steady runoff process and less prone to cause a flash flood. The research predicted that the availability of groundwater might decrease to Jamuna river in the future as it had the lowest basin area (217.42 sqr. km ) and perimeter (114.90 km) and the basin surface slope would become gentle to Atrai river part-1 for the lowest length of overland flow (0.6072). Purnovoba river experienced the lowest form factor  (0.2351) which indicated the most possibility for erosion. The elongated ratio of all basins was greater than 0.5 which considered all the shapes were more elongated. These findings will help for further modeling of an integrated watershed for sustainable hydrological models in the Barind region.

scholarly journals Computation of Watershed Parameters of Kansa Watershed in Satara Using Remote Sensing and GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bowlekar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Order Stream

In present study Kansa watershed in Satara district of Maharashtra was characterized for watershed parameters. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been utilized for the estimation of morphological parameters. Several morphometric parameters have been computed and analyzed viz. linear aspects such as stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio; areal aspects such as drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor, constant of channel maintenance; relief aspects such as relief, relief ratio, relative relief, ruggedness number, length of overland flow. Impacts of morphometric parameters on flash flood characteristics have also been investigated. The presence of the maximum number of the first order segments shows that the basin is subjected to erosion and also that some areas of the basin are characterized by variations in lithology and topography. The form factor is 0.21, and the circulatory ratio is 0.42, which suggests an elongated type of catchment. Elongation ratio is 0.52, which indicates that watershed has high relief and steep slope. The estimated catchment characteristics may be useful to stimulate hydrological responses of the catchment.

scholarly journals Impacts of land use changes on soil erosion in Pa Deng sub-district, adjacent area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wijitkosum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Study Results

Soil erosion has been considered as the primary cause of soil degradation since soil erosion leads to the loss of topsoil and soil organic matters which are essential for the growing of plants. Land use, which relates to land cover, is one of the influential factors that affect soil erosion. In this study, impacts of land use changes on soil erosion in Pa Deng sub-district, adjacent area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand, were investigated by applying remote sensing technique, geographical information system (GIS) and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The study results revealed that land use changes in terms of area size and pattern influenced the soil erosion risk in Pa Deng in the 1990&ndash;2010 period. The area with smaller land cover obviously showed the high risk of soil erosion than the larger land cover did.

The effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion and particulate phosphorus transfer from arable soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fraser ◽  
T. R. Harrod ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Soil erosion, in the form of transported suspended sediment in overland flow, is often associated with high rates of particulate phosphorus (PP) (total P&gt;0.45 μm) transfer from land to watercourses. Particulate P may provide a long-term source of P for aquatic biota. Twenty-two sites for winter overland flow monitoring were selected in south-west England within fields ranging from 0.2–3.8 ha on conventionally-managed arable land. Fields were situated on highly porous, light textured soils, lacking impermeable horizons and often overlying major aquifers. Long arable use and modern cultivation methods result in these soils capping under rain impact. Overland flow was observed when rainfall intensity approached the modest rate of 0.8 mm hr−1 on land at or near to field capacity. Low intensity rainfall (&lt;2 mm hr−1) produced mean suspended sediment losses of 14 kg ha−1 hr−1, with associated PP transfer rates of 16 g ha−1 hr−1. In high intensity rainfall (&gt;9 mm hr−1) mean PP losses of 319 g ha−1 hr−1 leaving the field were observed. As might be expected, there was a good relationship between PP and suspended sediment transfer in overland flow leaving the sites. The capacity of light soils to cap when in arable use, combined with heavy or prolonged rainfall, resulted in substantial discharges, soil erosion and associated PP transfer. Storms with heavy rain, typically of only a few hours duration, were characterised by considerable losses of PP. Such events, with return periods of once or twice a winter, may account for a significant proportion of total annual P transfer from agricultural soils under arable crops. However, contributions from less intense rain with much longer duration (around 100 hours per winter in many arable districts of the UK) are also demonstrated here.

Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carroll ◽  
L. Merton ◽  
P. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Plots

In 1993, a field study commenced to determine the impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality at 3 open-cut coal mine sites. Runoff, sediment, and water quality were measured on 0.01-ha field plots from 3 slope gradients (10, 20, 30%), with pasture and tree treatments imposed on soil and spoil material, and 2 soil and spoil plots left bare. The greatest soil erosion occurred before pasture cover established, when a large surface area of soil (>0.5 plot area) was exposed to rainfall and overland flow. Once buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) colonised soil plots, there were negligible differences in soil erosion between slope gradients. On spoil, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) reduced in situ soluble salt content, and reduced runoff electrical conductivity to levels measured in surrounding creeks. Where spoil crusted there was poor vegetative growth and unacceptably large runoff and erosion rates throughout the study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document