scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms And Stigmatization Among Parents Of Children With Intellectual Disabilities: Cross-Sectional Survey In Public Primary Special Schools In Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Githara ◽  
Anne Obondo ◽  
Albert Tele ◽  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
Manasi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Parents of children with intellectual disabilities may develop depressive symptoms and are prone to stigmatization due to stressful challenges encountered when providing care for their children. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and stigmatization among parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Method A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to sample 121 parents of children with intellectual disabilities in four public primary special schools in Nairobi, Kenya Data were collected using a researcher designed socio-demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to screen depressive symptoms and the DISC-12 used to determine stigmatization among parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the depression scores, discrimination and stigma scores. Independent samples t-test, and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify group differences at the bivariate level. Generalized linear models were used to identify independent predictors of discrimination and Stigma. Results Of the 121 parents assessed for depression 24% (n=29) of parents met the criterion for being at risk of depression using BDI scores (score of 21 and above). Stigma and discrimination were significantly related to parent’s depressive symptoms, independently of other variables. On multivariate linear regression individual predictors showed that being female (P=<0.001), younger age of between 18-26 (P=<0.003), being divorced/ separated (p=<0.0001), lower education (P=<0.0001) and caregiver burden (P=0.033) were predictors of depression and high levels of stigmatization. Conclusions The risk of depression is high among parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Results of this study suggest that interventions could be developed that have a focus on the health or well- being of parents. Reduction of societal stigma could reduce psychological distress to parents.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors in Female Students in Fukushima Four Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Disaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ito ◽  
Mie Sasaki ◽  
Satoko Okabe ◽  
Nobuhiro Konno ◽  
Aya Goto
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Students ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Young women in their late teens and early 20s are at the highest risk for depression onset. The present study aimed to assess depressive symptoms among female college students in Fukushima. More specifically, it aimed to clarify factors predicting possible symptom profiles, with an emphasis on determining how nuclear radiation risks affect the reporting of depression symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 310 female students at a college in the Fukushima prefecture, Japan, in December 2015, and 288 participants submitted valid questionnaires. In total, 222 (77.1%) participants lived in Fukushima at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The measures included the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, the Fukushima Future Parents Attitude Measure, and risk perception of radiation health effects. A total of 46.5% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Path analysis revealed that higher radiation risk perceptions and reduced efficacy with reproduction related to a decline in self-esteem and self-efficacy, which was subsequently associated with increased depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of radiation education among children and young adults, both after a nuclear accident and during disaster preparation, particularly in the context of reproductive and mental health.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Underground Coal Miners

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Lie Wang ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Family ◽  
High Level

Although underground coal miners are quite susceptible to depressive symptoms due to a highly risky and stressful working environment, few studies have focused on this issue. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and to explore its associated factors in this population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a coal-mining population in northeast China. A set of self-administered questionnaires was distributed to 2500 underground coal miners (1,936 effective respondents). Depressive symptoms, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), overcommitment (OC), perceived physical environment (PPE), work-family conflict (WFC), and some demographic and working characteristics were measured anonymously. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 62.8%, and the mean level was 20.00 (9.99). Hierarchical linear regression showed that marital status, education, monthly income, and weekly working time were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. A high level of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with high ERI, PPE, WFC, and OC. Accordingly, most Chinese underground coal miners probably have depressive symptoms that are mainly predicted by some occupational psychosocial factors. Efforts should be made to develop strategies to reduce ERI and OC, improve physical working environment, and care for workers’ family well-being, thereby mitigating the risk of depression among Chinese underground coal miners.

scholarly journals The Emotional State and Physical Condition of Indonesian College Students: An Emerging Situation during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Crisis in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Andi Imam Arundhana ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Siti Annisa Maharani ◽  
Aminuddin Syam
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Since the first cases in Wuhan China have been reported, the Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 cases increased exponentially over the world. This disease might affect physical and mental well-being. AIM: This study was aimed to examine the emotional state and physical condition of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional survey design in April 2020. The participants of the survey were adult that currently enrolled at one of the universities in Indonesia from diploma-1 to master’s degree. Information from a total of 1044 participants could be obtained. We used the developed self-reported questionnaire to collect information regarding socio-demographic, personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle, anthropometric measurement data, and depressive symptoms. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were performed using SPSS v.24 with a significant level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: This study found that 31.1% of participants are possible depressed. Of 1044 students, 35.3% were malnourished (16.5% underweight and 18.8% overweight/obese). Factors associated with depressive symptoms are sleep longer than usual, gathering with family members, and working (for income-generating). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 probably affected the majority of Indonesian college students, especially for emotional and physical condition. The government should not neglect this group by providing clinical and social supports for their well-being.  

scholarly journals Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon J. Hensel ◽  
Molly Rosenberg ◽  
Maya Luetke ◽  
Tsung-chieh Fu ◽  
Debby Herbenick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
At Home

AbstractBackgroundResearch demonstrates that pandemics adversely impact sexual and reproductive health (SRH), but few have examined their impact on people’s participation in sex. We examined self-reported changes in solo and sexual behaviors in U.S. adults during early stages of the public health response to COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted an online, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults (N=1010; aged 18-94 years; 62% response rate) from April 10-20, 2020. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine past month self-reported changes (decreased, stable or increased) in ten solo and partnered sexual behaviors. Predictor variables included: having children at home, past month depressive symptoms, (ACHA 3-item scale), past month loneliness (UCLA 3-Item Loneliness scale), COVID-19 protection behaviors (adapted 12-item scale), perceived COVID-19 consequences (adapted 10-item scale) and COVID-19 knowledge (adapted 10-item scale).ResultsNearly half of all adults reported some kind of change – most commonly, a decrease – in their sexual behavior in the past month. Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. Greater COVID-19 risk perception and greater COVID-19 knowledge were associated with mixed effects in behavior outcomes.ConclusionsOur data illustrate the very personal ways in which different pandemic-associated factors may create or inhibit opportunities for solo and partnered sex. The centrality of sexuality to health and well-being – even during pandemics – means that a critical piece of public health prevention and management responses should is ensuring that services and resource that support positive sexual decision making remain open and available.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among medical residents in Tunisia: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Marzouk ◽  
Lamia Ouanes-Besbes ◽  
Islem Ouanes ◽  
Zeineb Hammouda ◽  
Fahmi Dachraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Night Shifts

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors among Tunisian medical residents.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingFaculty of Medicine, Tunis.ParticipantsAll Tunisian medical residents brought together between 14 and 22 December 2015 to choose their next 6-month rotation.InterventionThe items of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire were employed to capture the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the residents. The statistical relationships between anxiety and depression (HAD score) and sociodemographic and work-related data were explored by Poisson regression.Results1700 out of 2200 (77%) medical residents (mean age: 28.5±2 years, female: 60.8%) answered the questionnaire. The mean working hours per week was 62±21 hours; 73% ensured a mean of 5.4±3 night shifts per month; and only 8% of them could benefit from a day of safety rest. Overall, 74.1% of the participating residents had either definite (43.6%) or probable (30.5%) anxiety, while 62% had definite (30.5%) or probable (31.5%) depression symptoms, with 20% having both definite anxiety and definite depression. The total HAD score was significantly associated with the resident’s age (OR=1.014, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.023, p=0.001); female gender (OR=1.114, 95% CI 1.083 to 1.145, p<0.0001); and the heavy burden of work imposed on a weekly or monthly basis, as reflected by the number of night shifts per month (OR=1.048, 95% CI 1.016 to 1.082, p=0.03) and the number of hours worked per week (OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.011, p<0.0001). Compared with medical specialties, the generally accepted difficult specialties (surgical or medical-surgical) were associated with a higher HAD score (OR=1.459, 95% CI 1.172 to 1.816, p=0.001).ConclusionTunisian residents experience a rate of anxiety/depression substantially higher than that reported at the international level. This phenomenon is worrying as it has been associated with an increase in medical errors, work dissatisfaction and attrition. The means of improving the well-being of Tunisian medical residents are explored, emphasising those requiring immediate implementation.

Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic among physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers, in the province of Alberta (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany ElGindi ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
April Gusnowski ◽  
Wesley Vuong ◽  
Shireen Surood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, threats to mental health, psychological safety, and well-being are evident, particularly among the first responders and the healthcare staff. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the potential predictors of the likely stress, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder among healthcare workers (HCW). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was used through a survey link sent to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among the various HCW groupings who subscribed to the Text4Hope program. RESULTS This study revealed that the HCW expressed an estimated high prevalence of moderate/high stress rates 840 (81.2%), while the likelihood of moderate/severe anxiety and depressive symptoms were 369 (38.6%), and 317 (32.7%), respectively, during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses and other HCW were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms, compared to physicians, (F (2, 159.47) =15.89, 95% CI= (-5.05) -(-2.04). Younger age groups of HCW (≤30 y) were more prone to report likely stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, compared to HCW 41-50y and >50y (Odd’s ratio range: 1.82- 3.03). Similarly, females and those who reported a lack of social support (separated/divorced and single) among HCW, had a higher likelihood to report likely stress and depressive symptoms, respectively (OR=1.8 and 1.6). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study revealed the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and indicated significant vulnerability among groups of HCW in Alberta. CLINICALTRIAL Ethical approval for this research was obtained through the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board (Pro00086163).

Impacts of Neonatal Hospitalization on Families during the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee J. Vance ◽  
Kathryn J. Malin ◽  
Bingxin Chen ◽  
Clayton J. Shuman ◽  
Tiffany A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
The Impact

Objective Limited data are available regarding family and financial well-being among parents whose infants were hospitalized during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The study objective was to evaluate the family and financial well-being of parents whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during COVID-19. Study Design Parents were recruited for this online, cross-sectional survey via support groups on social media. Data collection was completed between May 18, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The final sample consisted of 178 parents, who had an infant hospitalized in an NICU between February 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were impact on family life and financial stability, as measured by the Impact on Family scale, an instrument that evaluates changes to family life as a result of infant or childhood illness. Results Of the 178 parent respondents, 173 (97%) were mothers, 107 (59.4%) were non-Hispanic White, and 127 (69.5%) of the infants were born prematurely. Parents reported significant family impact and greater financial difficulty. Extremely premature infants, lower household income, parent mental health, and lower parental confidence were predictive of greater impacts on family life. Conclusion Parents reported significant family and financial impacts during their infant's hospitalization amid COVID-19. Further studies are needed to guide clinical practice and inform family-supportive resources that can mitigate consequences to family well-being. Key Points

scholarly journals Relationship between the Well-Being of Elderly Men and Cohabiting with Women Who Have Had Experience as a Health Promotion Volunteer in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Imamura ◽  
Hideki Nakamura ◽  
Yuji Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Elderly

In Japan, there are traditionally many health promotion volunteer activities. However, the effects these activities have on the volunteers’ families are not clear. This study examined whether the well-being of Japanese elderly men was affected by cohabiting with women who have had experience as a health promotion volunteer. The study area was Suzaka City, where more than 7500 women have been elected and served as health promotion volunteers for over 60 years. A cross-sectional survey targeting all residents aged 65 years or over was conducted in 2014 using a self-administered questionnaire and 10,758 (77.7%) residents participated. Of those, married men who lived with married women were analyzed (n = 2370). Functional capacity and depressive symptoms were analyzed as outcomes respectively. Of the 2370 men, 1434 (60.5%) lived with women who had experience as a health promotion volunteer in the past. Modified Poisson regression analysis adjusting for covariates showed that living with women who had this experience was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted Prevalence Ratio; 0.84, 95% Confidence Interval; 0.73–0.97), but not with low functional capacity. These results suggest that living with women who had the experience as health promotion volunteer might affect depressive symptoms of elderly men.

scholarly journals Role-related stress and perceptions of the keyworker role among professionals supporting adults with intellectual disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
John Moriarty ◽  
Daniel Regan ◽  
Rita Honan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose Individuals with intellectual disabilities who are users of day and residential services will often be assigned at least one “keyworker”, a staff member who is expressly responsive to their needs and responsible for co-ordinating services with them. Keyworkers are often given their role because it is a norm in their organisation. However, given the emotionally intensive workload involved in co-ordinating care for a single individual, little attention is given to the potential stress burden of being a keyworker. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey study was conducted of professionals’ perceptions of the keyworker role and of levels of workplace well-being. The authors first examine differences between keyworkers and their colleagues along measures of role perception and well-being. The authors then present a new measure of keyworkers’ duties and boundaries (Key-DAB) capturing perceptions of the keyworker role by keyworkers and other staff. The measure was administered to a sample of staff (n=69) from an Irish provider of services for adults with intellectual disabilities. Alongside the new scale, the authors administered established measures of workplace well-being and locus of control (LoC) to examine construct validity and assess if perception of keyworking could be related to stress. Findings Some differences were detected between keyworkers and non-keyworkers: keyworkers had more internally oriented LoC and experienced lower work pressure than non-keyworking colleagues. The Key-DAB measure possessed favourable psychometric properties, including high internal reliability. External validity was also shown as keyworkers’ scale scores were related to LoC and to role demands. Results suggested: that keyworkers who are clear about what is expected of the keyworker are more satisfied with their role and perceive keyworking as beneficial to them; that role ambiguity and role conflict can undo these potential benefits and render the keyworker’s role a potentially hazardous one. Originality/value The authors recommend that employers provide clear guidelines and explicit training to keyworkers and suggest that the measures may be effective tools for ongoing assessment of keyworkers’ role clarity.

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