scholarly journals An Application of Mixture Oil of Syzygium Aromaticum(Clove) and Anethum Graveolens (Dill or Sowa) As An Alternative of Salphos For Food Seed Storage of Chickpea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
PROF SM PAUL KHURANA ◽  
VN PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

Abstract Mycological investigations of 25 seed samples of stored chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) from grocery stores of Gurgaon and Gorakhpur revealed occurrence of seventeen fungal species belonging to genus viz., Alternaria , Aspergillus, Chaetomium,Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Fusarium,Penicillium,Rhizopus,Rhizoctonia, and Sclerotium. In these Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum had dominance in terms of per cent occurrence.Only one species of Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L) occurred in all the 25 samples.The biodeterioration of seeds inoculated with fungi : A. flavus, A. niger ,F.oxysporum and the insect – C. chinensis, revealed their role in seed deterioration. For chickpea food seed protection essential oils were extracted from edible commodity(Lavang(clove bud) and sowa leaf). Lavang oil registered highest antifungal activity inhibiting (100%) mycelial growth of fungi, viz. species Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,Fusarium oxysporum at 300ppm but was fungicidal at 400ppm. Sowa oil showed complete inhibition at 400ppm and was fungicidal at 500ppm.While mixture of both the oils showed complete inhibition (100%) and fungicidal action at 400ppm against the dominant fungi.The oils showed 100% insect repellent activity and were found fungicidal at 0.02ml dose and also insecticidal .The mixture of oils was cidal at 0.02ml dose.The mixture of oils showed a broad antifungal spectrum at 500ppm while only 70-93% inhibitory activity at 300ppm.The oils' mixture's activity was not affected by temp,storage and autoclaving up to 150 days.Oils physico-chemical properties were studied. GC-MS analysis of Lavang oil depicted major components: 75.63 %eugenol while sowa leaf oil had 25.14% apiole. Formulation of Mixture of oils was more effective showing complete seed protection i.e.no growth of fungi and insects upto 150 days storage than salphos (150 days). While salphos controlled only maximum three fungi (A.terreus,C.dematium,F.moniliforme).The formulated oils mixture did not have any adverse effect on the chickpea seeds and increased their shelf life.

scholarly journals Application of clove and dill oils as an alternative of salphos for chickpea food seed storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
S. M. Paul Khurana ◽  
Vashist N. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

AbstractMycological investigations of 25 samples of stored chickpea food seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) from grocery stores of Gurgaon and Gorakhpur revealed occurrence of seventeen fungal species belonging to genus viz., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia, and Sclerotium. In these Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum had dominance in terms of per cent occurrence. Only one species of Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) occurred in all the 25 samples. The biodeterioration of seeds inoculated with fungi: A. flavus, A. niger, F. oxysporum and the insect—C. chinensis, revealed their role in seed deterioration. For chickpea food seed protection essential oils were extracted from edible commodity(clove(Lavang and dill(sowa) leaf). Clove(Lavang) oil registered highest antifungal activity inhibiting (100%) mycelial growth of fungi, viz. species Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum at 300 ppm but was fungicidal at 400 ppm. Dill (Sowa) oil showed complete inhibition at 400 ppm and was fungicidal at 500 ppm. While mixture of both the oils (clove and dill) showed complete inhibition (100%) and fungicidal action at 400 ppm against the dominant fungi. The oils showed 100% insect repellent activity and were found fungicidal at 0.02 ml dose and also insecticidal. The mixture of oils was cidal at 0.02 ml dose. The mixture of oils showed a broad antifungal spectrum at 500 ppm while only 70–93% inhibitory activity at 300 ppm. The oils' mixture's activity was not affected by temp, storage and autoclaving up to 150 days. Oils physico-chemical properties were studied. GC–MS analysis of clove(Lavang) oil depicted major components: 75.63%eugenol while dill(sowa) leaf oil had 25.14% apiole. Formulation of Mixture of oils was more effective showing complete seed protection i.e.no growth of fungi and insects upto 150 days storage than salphos (150 days). While salphos controlled only maximum three fungi (A. terreus, C. dematium, F. moniliforme). The formulated oils mixture did not have any adverse effect on the chickpea seeds and increased their shelf life.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis, Fusariosis, and Scedosporiosis in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Specimens by Use of Multiple Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2798-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Salehi ◽  
Mohammad T. Hedayati ◽  
Jan Zoll ◽  
Haleh Rafati ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Ffpe Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Formalin Fixed

In a retrospective multicenter study, 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens with histopathology results were tested. Two 4- to 5-μm FFPE tissue sections from each specimen were digested with proteinase K, followed by automated nucleic acid extraction. Multiple real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA, using fluorescently labeled primers, was performed to identify clinically important genera and species of Aspergillus , Fusarium , Scedosporium , and the Mucormycetes . The molecular identification was correlated with results from histological examination. One of the main findings of our study was the high sensitivity of the automated DNA extraction method, which was estimated to be 94%. The qPCR procedure that was evaluated identified a range of fungal genera/species, including Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus niger , Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani , Scedosporium apiospermum , Rhizopus oryzae , Rhizopus microsporus , Mucor spp., and Syncephalastrum . Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani DNA was amplified from five specimens from patients initially diagnosed by histopathology as having aspergillosis. Aspergillus flavus , S. apiospermum , and Syncephalastrum were detected from histopathological mucormycosis samples. In addition, examination of four samples from patients suspected of having concomitant aspergillosis and mucormycosis infections resulted in the identification of two A. flavus isolates, one Mucor isolate, and only one sample having both R. oryzae and A. flavus . Our results indicate that histopathological features of molds may be easily confused in tissue sections. The qPCR assay used in this study is a reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of fungal pathogens to the genus and species levels directly from FFPE tissues.

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi ◽  
Razieh Nazari ◽  
Majid Darroudi ◽  
Mohsen Zargar ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Kapang Patogen dan Non Patogen pada Imago, Kokon, dan Larva Instar Keenam Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Damiana Rita Ekastuti ◽  
Erdina Pangestika ◽  
Reinilda Alwina
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Attacus atlas is one of several mould species in Indonesia known as kupu-kupu gajah. Information about variety of mould is rarely known. The purpose of this research was to obtain data about variety of pathogenic or non pathogenic mould at imago,cocoon, and sixth larvae phase of wild silkworm A. atlas. Mould was isolated from cocoon, integument, alimentary duct and reproduction duct of imago, trachea, midgut and hindgut, also haemolymph of larvae. Isolated mould was cultured on potato dextrose agar. Isolated mould from cocoon and imago was identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed that there were two kind of moulds from cocoon which were Fusarium oxysporum  and Aspergillus flavus. There were four kind of moulds from imago A. atlas which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium dimerum, and Aspergillus sp.There were three kind of moulds from sixth larvae which were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium dimerum. The mould which has opportunistic pathogenic for Attacus atlas were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus  flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium dimerum.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils on in Vitro Growth of Fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa Infecting Button Mushroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-427
Author(s):  
Romuald Górski ◽  
Hanna Dorna ◽  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Dorota Szopińska ◽  
Alina Kałużewicz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract The aim of the studies was to investigate the effect of camel grass, lavender, patchouli, peppermint and tea tree essential oils, and their mixtures on the in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa, occurring in the cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth of the tested pathogens was evaluated on PDA medium. Essential oils were added in three doses: 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3 of PDA medium. Camel grass and peppermint essential oils applied at the highest dose inhibited completely the in vitro growth of C. dendroides mycelium. Lavender oil used at the amount of 1 mg·cm–3 reduced the growth of the pathogen by 90 %. In the case of M. perniciosa the complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed after the addition of camel grass oil to PDA medium, irrespective of a dose, and lavender oil at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3. The efficacy of the tested mixtures against M. perniciosa was high. Generally, all mixtures of essential oils, irrespective of a dose, completely controlled the growth of the pathogen. The complete inhibition of the growth of C. dendroides was observed only on the medium with the addition of the mixture of camel grass and peppermint oils at the highest dose. The conducted research showed that natural essential oils due to their antifungal properties could be useful in the Integrated Disease Management for the protection of button mushroom against diseases. They could be an effective alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

scholarly journals The Importance of some weeds for the survival of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp. lini (Boll.) Snyd.

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz-Stefaniak ◽  
Matylda Swatowska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The studies were caried out to determine the importance of some weeds occurrence in the flax monoculture the survival of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i>. It appearet that the roots of <i>Veronica persica, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> and <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> were colonized by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i>. <i>V. persica</i> especially has, a profitable influence on the survival of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i>. However. <i>C. hursa-pastoris</i> and <i>S. arvensis</i> stimulate the growth of fungi of the genera <i>Trichoderma</i>. which limites the occurrence of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i> in the soil.

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