Evaluation of Animal Welfare in Extensive and Intensive Dairy Farms and its Correlation to Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Licitra ◽  
Laura Perillo ◽  
Francesco Antoci ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
T Test ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Check List ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Specific Antibodies

Abstract Background: The welfare of farm animals has become a growing concern in recent years. This is the first study that assesses dairy cow welfare by the application of an impartial, reproducible, functional check-list based on risk analysis which provides a numerical animal welfare index to each farm. We tested the effect of two different management conditions, housing with free access to pasture and indoor housing, on dairy cows kept in 36 farms and concurrently carried out the evaluation of different infectious diseases. Animal welfare assessment was performed in each farm through the CReNBA’s check-list. Moreover, the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Chlamydiophila abortus, Neospora caninum, Bovine Herpesvirus specific antibodies IgB and IgE and of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus was tested in each farm through ELISA serological test. Unpaired t-Test was applied to assess differences among the two experimental groups; while, Kendall’s Tau coefficient (T) was determined to investigate the relationship between studied variables. Results: The result of each area provided an indication of the burden and importance of each of these on the final calculation of the animal welfare value. ELISA was positive with different mean percentages. The application of Unpaired t-Test showed that the intensive housing system group had higher percentages of Bovine Herpesvirus specific antibodies IgB compared to the extensive housing system group. The application of Kendall’s Tau coefficient showed different correlations between studied areas and infectious diseases. Conclusion: The hazard analysis areas assessed farming and management conditions of the farms, but these may have different effects as they are regulated by the animals’ ability to adapt and are therefore less important when establishing the final welfare value. Those farms with the highest prevalence of infections could be associated with a poor level of business management. A proper evaluation of the problems encountered and a more accurate application of the check-list could prevent and control the spread of infections in farms. Our results want to be a contribution in breeding which provides farmers and veterinarians the instruments to improve animal welfare and farm business performance.

HUBUNGAN OBESITAS TERHADAP HIPERTENSI PADA PETUGAS KEPOLISIAN DI POLRESTA DELI SERDANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lise Hanna ◽  
Andrico Napolin Lumban Tobing ◽  
Suandy Suandy
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

AbstrakObesitas adalah faktor risiko utama pada berbagai penyakit kronis, seperti diabetes, kelainan muskuloskeletal,hipertensi, bahkan kanker. Setidaknya ada 2,8 juta orang meninggal per tahun sebagai akibat overweight atauobesitas. Terdapat sekitar 63.309.620 orang mengalami hipertensi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018, dimana427.218 diantaranya meninggal karena hipertensi. Aktivasi sistem saraf simpatis, jumlah total lemak dalamtubuh, peningkatan reabsorpsi natrium dan aktivitas sistem renin-angiotensin di ginjal akibat retensi dari ion inimenjadi penyebab yang mendasari dari hipertensi yang disebabkan obesitas. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitianini untuk mengekplorasi pengaruh antara kategori obesitas terhadap tekanan darah pada petugas kepolisian diPolresta Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional pada 51 orang petugas kepolisian diPolresta Deli Serdang. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, lingkar perut, indeks massatubuh, tekanan darah, dan kolesterol total. Seluruh data penelitian dianalisa dengan analisa deskriptif,kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji kendall’s tau b dan uji two sample t-test dengan uji mann-whitney sebagai ujialternative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang positif lemah antara indeks massatubuh dengan hipertensi, walaupun hubungan antara keduanya tidak signifikan (Nilai p= 0.0830; r= 0.030).Sehingga dapat disimpulan bahwa IMT tidak mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi.Kata kunci: IMT, Hipertensi, Deli Serdang, obesitas 

Key determinants of pig welfare: implications of animal management and housing design on livestock welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Hemsworth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Systems Research

The present review using the pig as a model has highlighted the importance of the design of the housing system on the welfare of farm animals. It has emphasised the need for research on animal welfare in new and modified housing systems, as well as current but contentious systems, to be attentive to the design contributions of these systems to animal welfare. The review has highlighted areas for future research to safeguard sow and piglet welfare, including the following: effective environmental enrichment for gestating sows in intensive, indoor and non-bedded systems; opportunities to increase foraging and feeding times in feed-restricted gestating sows; design features that allow both access to important resources, such as feed, water and a comfortable lying area, and escape opportunities to reduce aggression and minimise risks to the welfare of group-housed sows; and less confined farrowing and lactation systems. The review also shows that animal welfare problems may be less a function of the type of housing system than of how well it operates. The skills, knowledge and motivation of stockpeople to effectively care for and manage their animals are integral to the standard of welfare experienced by their animals. Attitudes influence not only the manner in which stockpeople handle animals, but also their motivation to care for their animals. Thus, training targeting technical skills and knowledge as well as the attitudes and behaviours of stockpeople should be a primary component of the human resource management practices at a farm. While public concerns and policy debates often focus on intensive housing systems, research indicates that the design and management of both indoor and outdoor housing systems is probably more important for animal welfare than is generally recognised.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FREKUENSI MENYIKAT GIGI TERHADAP DEBRIS INDEKS PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SD KARTIKA XXI-4 KECAMATAN PAAL DUA KOTA MANADO

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Ni Made Yuliana ◽  
Jeineke E Ratuela
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Check List ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kendall's Tau

Kesehatan gigi dan mulutsangatpentinguntukselaludijaga, salah satu cara mencegah terjadinya masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat dilakukan dengan menyikat gigi. Frekuensidan waktumenyikatgigi yang baikyaitu 3 kali seharipagisetelahmakanpagi, siang setelah makan siang dan malam sebelum tidur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi menyikat gigi terhadap debris indeks pada siswakelas V di SD Kartika XXI-4 Kecamatan Paal Dua Kota Manado.  Jenis penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan menggunakan metode total sampling. Frekuensi menyikat gigi diukur menggunakan lembar check-list untuk mengetahui berapa kali responden menyikat gigi dalam sehari, dan debris indeks dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan format pemeriksaan debris indeks. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis uji correlations kendall’s tau. Hasil  analisis menggunakan uji correlations kendall’s tau didapatkan nilai sebesar -0,798 dengan kekuatan korelasi kuat dengan nilai psebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai ? = 0,05 sehingga terdapat nilai korelasi yang bermakna antara variabel frekuensi menyikat gigi dengan variabel debris indeks dengan arah  korelasi negatif (-) yang berarti semakin besar nilai frekuensi menyikat gigi maka semakin kecil nilai debris indeks. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh frekuensi menyikat gigi terhadap debris indeks.

Seroprevalence of specific antibodies during pregnancy and risk for early life infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Albrecht ◽  
G Gabriel ◽  
H Jacobsen ◽  
G Hansen ◽  
H Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Specific Antibodies

Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. onclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.   Keywords: number of germs, cutlery, three compartment sink

Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.

scholarly journals Workload for radiologists during on-call hours: dramatic increase in the past 15 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. M. Bruls ◽  
R. M. Kwee
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Kendall’S Tau ◽  
Kendall's Tau ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication ◽  
Ct Studies

Abstract Background The objective of this study is to investigate the workload for radiologists during on-call hours and to quantify the 15-year trend in a large general hospital in Western Europe. Methods Data regarding the number of X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) studies during on-call hours (weekdays between 6.00 p.m. and 7.00 a.m., weekends, and national holidays) between 2006 and 2020 were extracted from the picture archiving and communication system. All studies were converted into relative value units (RVUs) to estimate the on-call workload. The Mann–Kendall test was performed to assess the temporal trend. Results The total RVUs during on-call hours showed a significant increase between 2006 and 2020 (Kendall's tau-b = 0.657, p = 0.001). The overall workload in terms of RVUs during on-call hours has quadrupled. The number of X-ray studies significantly decreased (Kendall's tau-b = − 0.433, p = 0.026), whereas the number of CT studies significantly increased (Kendall's tau-b = 0.875, p < 0.001) between 2006 and 2020. CT studies which increased by more than 500% between 2006 and 2020 are CT for head trauma, brain CTA, brain CTV, chest CT (for suspected pulmonary embolism), spinal CT, neck CT, pelvic CT, and CT for suspected aortic dissection. The number of ultrasound studies did not change significantly (Kendall's tau-b = 0.202, p = 0.298). Conclusions The workload for radiologists during on-call hours increased dramatically in the past 15 years. The growing amount of CT studies is responsible for this increase. Radiologist and technician workforce should be matched to this ongoing increasing trend to avoid potential burn-out and to maintain quality and safety of radiological care.

scholarly journals Precision Technologies to Address Dairy Cattle Welfare: Focus on Lameness, Mastitis and Body Condition

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Severiano R. Silva ◽  
José P. Araujo ◽  
Cristina Guedes ◽  
Flávio Silva ◽  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Time Assessment

Specific animal-based indicators that can be used to predict animal welfare have been the core of protocols for assessing the welfare of farm animals, such as those produced by the Welfare Quality project. At the same time, the contribution of technological tools for the accurate and real-time assessment of farm animal welfare is also evident. The solutions based on technological tools fit into the precision livestock farming (PLF) concept, which has improved productivity, economic sustainability, and animal welfare in dairy farms. PLF has been adopted recently; nevertheless, the need for technological support on farms is getting more and more attention and has translated into significant scientific contributions in various fields of the dairy industry, but with an emphasis on the health and welfare of the cows. This review aims to present the recent advances of PLF in dairy cow welfare, particularly in the assessment of lameness, mastitis, and body condition, which are among the most relevant animal-based indications for the welfare of cows. Finally, a discussion is presented on the possibility of integrating the information obtained by PLF into a welfare assessment framework.

scholarly journals Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Alberto Cesarani ◽  
Giuseppe Pulina
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Naive Approach

The concept of welfare applied to farm animals has undergone a remarkable evolution. The growing awareness of citizens pushes farmers to guarantee the highest possible level of welfare to their animals. New perspectives could be opened for animal welfare reasoning around the concept of domestic, especially farm, animals as partial human artifacts. Therefore, it is important to understand how much a particular behavior of a farm animal is far from the natural one of its ancestors. This paper is a contribution to better understand the role of genetics of the farm animals on their behavior. This means that the naïve approach to animal welfare regarding returning animals to their natural state should be challenged and that welfare assessment should be considered.

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