Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. onclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.   Keywords: number of germs, cutlery, three compartment sink

Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PERSUASIF MELALUI NARASI DAN BUKTI STATISTIK TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMILIH PRODUK HANDPHONE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Alwinansyah Farnas ◽  
Gumgum Gumelar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference to the effectiveness of persuasion toward narrative and statistical evidence in making decisions selecting mobile products in adolescents. The study was conducted from September to January 2013. This study uses a method of controlled experimental studies labolatory. Analysis using t-test of the difference independent test samples from the test results obtained values F = 1461, p = 0231> 0.05 (not significant), meaning that there is no difference in the effectiveness of persuasion through narrative and statistical evidence on decision making in adolescents choose mobile products . Comparison of average (mean) persuasive narrative and persuasive statistical evidence obtained mean value 62.12 for the narrative and the mean value for the statistical proof of 60.06. Based on the results of this analysis rejected the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effectiveness of persuasion through narrative and statistical evidence for making decisions on choosing mobile products in teens. The implication of this research is to use both types of persuasive in influencing a person's decision-making in the absence of differences in effectiveness between the two.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UVAERATOR IN REDUCING AIR GERMS AND DUST LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Tri - Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmission Measurement ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Background, school education facilities, including higher education as a place and public facilities for formal education facilities in this country, should be a comfortable place to study. Besides functioning as a place of learning, schools can also be a threat of disease transmission . measurement number of bacteria in the air-conditioned classrooms Wulan R22 (2016) 12.167 CFU / m3 , Nur Latifah (2018) an average of 217.92 colony / hr / ft2 , hadita (2018) 331.6 colonies / hr / ft2 . Research question is how is the effectiveness of UVAerator in reducing the number of air germs and dust levels in the lecture hall R22 building Campus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang ? Research objectives is to find the effectiveness of UVAerator in reducing the number of air germs and dust levels in the lecture hall. Research method included a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pre test - post test. Data collection by measuring, observational, interview. The variables were temperature, humidity, lighting, air germ count, dust content. Analysis using pairet-t test comparisons and unpaired t test data. Result, the average number of bacteria with no air space UVAerator in the morning is ( 668,00 g / m3 ) and in the afternoon is ( 680.10 g / m3 ) the difference was not significant (p = 0.873), whereas the existing space UVAerator in the morning ( 876.50 g / m3 ) and in the afternoon ( 655.50 g / m3 ) shows significant difference (p = 0.001). The number of room air germs that do not exist and have UVAerator is significantly different (p = 0.002), the number of room air germs that are not there and without any UVAerator is not significant (p = 0.763), while the change in the number of room air germs that does not exist and exist UVAerator has a significant difference (p = 0.015). On average PM10 space dust that has no UVAerator in the morning ( 12.38 ug / m3 ) and in the afternoon ( 17.38 ug / m3 ) shows significant difference (p = 0.008), whereas the existing space UVAerator in the morning ( 11.63 g / m3 ) and day ( 14.50 µg / m3 ) shows that the difference is not significant (p = 0.127). PM10 dust in the room that does not exist and there is no UVAerator ported, the difference is not significant (p = 0.821), the PM10 dust in the room noon and there is UVAerator, the difference shows that it is not significant (p = 0.432), while the change in room PM10 without dust and there is a difference in UVAerator significant (p = 0.004). In conclusion, the effectiveness of reducing the number of air germs without UVAerator on average (4.56%), with UVAerator (-24.52%), the difference was not significant (p = 0.057). The effectiveness of reducing PM10 without UVAerator, mean (60.50%), with UVAerator (38.30%), the difference was not significant (p = 0.369). Suggestion, , It is necessary to control the sound intensity caused by UVAerator by adding aeration bubble breakers. The pump suction power is enlarged to accelerate the circulation of room air.

Retail Mix Dan Kepuasan Konsumen Minimarket

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Siti Maryama ◽  
Yayat Sujatna
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Store Design ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study is to (1) analyzing the level of retail mix consumer satisfaction; (2) analyze the dominant variable in retail mix consumer satisfaction; (3) analyze the difference of retail mix consumer satisfaction performed. The observed of the retail industry is Alfamidi and Indomaret. The study was designed into a descriptive-quantitative method. The source of primary data obtained from the questionnaire of 100 respondents. The formulating variable of retail mix includes: merchandise assortments, pricing, customer services Store design and display, communication mix, and location. Data analyze by using descriptive, analysis of factors, and t-test. The result confirmed that the level of retail mix consumer satisfaction in both industry is relatively similar. However, it can be stated that the respondents were more satisfied to Indomaret compared with Alfamart.

Pengaruh Jumlah Pencucian Beras dengan Kadar Klorin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Indah Purwaningsih ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Chlorine is a green halogen-shaped halogen gas at normal temperature and serves as bleach, stain remover and disinfectant. Chlorine is now widely used for bleaching rice so that less quality rice looks like quality rice. Chlorine is very toxic and causes mucous membrane irritation, highly reactive and very powerful oxidizer. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of chlorine level in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times. The sample in this study amounted to 11 samples calculated by replication formula. Each sample was treated 3 times, ie 1 washed once, 2 washed twice and washed 3 times. The samples then examined by iodometric titration method. Based on the results of the study using ANOVA test, 11 samples obtained the average value of chlorine after washed once amount of 0.0176%, after washed twice amount of 0.0111%, and after washed 3 times amount of 0.0052% with the value significance p = 0.03 (p <0.05) at 95% confidence level which means there was a significant difference between chlorine levels in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times.Abstrak: Klorin merupakan unsur halogen berbentuk gas berwarna kuning kehijauan pada suhu normal danberfungsi sebagai pemutih, penghilang noda maupun desinfektan. Klorin sekarang banyak digunakan untuk bahan pemutih beras agar beras yang kurang berkualitas tampak seperti beras berkualitas. Klorin sangat toksik dan menyebabkan iritasi membran mukosa, sangat reaktif dan merupakan oksidator yang sangat kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 sampel yang dihitung dengan rumus replikasi. Setiap sampel diberi perlakuan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu 1 kali pencucian, 2 kali pencucian dan 3 kali pencucian. Sampel penelitian kemudian diperiksa dengan metode titrasi iodometri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Anova secara komputerisasi terhadap 11 sampel diperoleh nilai rata-rata kadar klorin setelah 1 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0176 %, setelah 2 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0111 %, dan setelah 3 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0052 % dengan nilai signifkansi p = 0,03 (p<0,05) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% yang artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali.

Smart Estimation Ver-H.1.0

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Value ◽  
The Difference

We cannot be sure exactly what will happen, we can only estimate by using a particular method, where each method must have the formula to create a regression equation and a formula to calculate the confidence level of the estimated value. This paper conveys a method of estimating the future values, in which the formula for creating a regression equation is based on the assumption that the future value will depend on the difference of the past values divided by a weight factor which corresponding to the time span to the present, and the formula for calculating the level of confidence is to use "the Haryadi Index". The advantage of this method is to remain accurate regardless of the sample size and may ignore the past value that is considered irrelevant.

Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics and control of infectious diseases: Ebola virus disease (EVD) as a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Viboud ◽  
Hélène Broutin ◽  
Gerardo Chowell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Dynamics And Control

Disentangling the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious disease transmission is important to address issues of disease persistence, epidemic growth and optimal control. In this chapter, we review key concepts relating to the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases in meta-populations, whereby geographically separate subpopulations are connected by migration or mobility rates. We review the dynamics of colonization, persistence and extinction of emerging and recurrent pathogens in meta-populations; the role of demographic and environmental factors; and geographic heterogeneity in epidemic growth rate. We illustrate theoretical concepts by reviewing the spatial dynamics of childhood diseases and other acute infections in low- and middle-income countries, and provide a detailed description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2014–16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. We further discuss how increased availability of empirical data and recent methodological developments provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of transmission processes in space and time, and make recommendations for future work.

Communicable and Other Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frischhut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses the most important features of EU law on infectious diseases. Communicable diseases not only cross borders, they also often require measures that cross different areas of policy because of different vectors for disease transmission. The relevant EU law cannot be attributed to one sectoral policy only, and thus various EU agencies participate in protecting public health. The key agency is the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Other important agencies include the European Environment Agency; European Food Safety Authority; and the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency. However, while integration at the EU level has facilitated protection of the public's health, it also has created potential conflicts among the different objectives of the European Union. The internal market promotes the free movement of products, but public health measures can require restrictions of trade. Other conflicts can arise if protective public health measures conflict with individual human rights. The chapter then considers risk assessment and the different tools of risk management used in dealing with the challenges of infectious diseases. It also turns to the external and ethical perspective and the role the European Union takes in global health.

Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3780-3784
Author(s):  
P.Vani ◽  
◽  
Sharan B Singh M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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