scholarly journals Effect of Behaviour Change Communication on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Markers among Ethiopian Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makeda Sinaga ◽  
David Lindstrom ◽  
Melese Sinaga Teshome ◽  
Tilahun Yemane ◽  
Elsah Tegene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Behaviour Change Communication ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences on human health, social and economic development. In Ethiopia although there is an increase in the prevalence of metabolic Syndrome due to epidemiologic transition, there is no study that evaluated the effect of interventions. This study aimed to assess the effect of nutrition behaviour change communication on metabolic syndrome and its markers. Method: A individually randomized controlled trial was conducted among Ethiopian adults working in Jimma University from mid of September 2015 to December 30, 2015. A total of 224 participants were randomly allocated into intervention (n=112) and controls (n=112) groups. The list of administrative and academic staff involved in the baseline survey was used as a sampling frame. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical and clinical parameters were collected using trained data collectors. Difference in the differences in metabolic syndrome and its components between baseline and end line were compared by the intervention status. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to isolate independent predictors of metabolic syndrome and its components, respectively. Results: Overall, there was significant difference (P<0.001) in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between intervention (11.6%) and control groups (37.5%) on the end line survey. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, control groups were 8.5 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to intervention groups (AOR=8.53, 95%CI: 3.60, 20.21, P <0.001). There was a significant mean difference in differences in most components of metabolic syndrome and other lipid profiles except HDL (P=0.717) in the intervention group. The mean difference in differences in waist circumference was 6.3 cm (P<0.001), while that of systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP were 6.1 mmHg (P< 0.001) and 3.6 mmHg (P=0.001), respectively. Likewise the difference of differences between intervention and control groups was 30.7 mg/dl (P<0.001) for T.Cholesterol, 55.5 mg/dl (P<0.001) for triglycerides, 21.9 mg/dl (P=0.015) for LDL and 22.2 mg/dl (P<0.001) for fasting blood sugar. Further multivariable linear regression analyses showed that after adjusting for many variables, there was a significant difference in difference between intervention groups in components of metabolic syndrome. For the intervention group the mean difference in differences was 6.1cm (β=6.1, P<0.001) for waist circumference and 4.2 mm Hg (β=4.2, P<0.05) for diastolic blood pressure and 6.5 mmHg (β=6.5, P<0.001) for systolic blood pressure compared with controls. Similarly, the mean difference in differences was higher in the intervention group by 19.9 mg/dl (β=19.9, P<0.05) for FBS, 57.5 mg/dl for TG (β=57.5, P<0.05), 24.40 mg/dl for LDL (β=24.4, P<0.05) and 30.9mg/dl for T.Cholestrol (β=30.9, P<0.001). This trial is retrospectively registered on Pan African Clinical Trial Registration with unique identification number of PACTR202003465339638. Conclusion: There was strong positive effect of behaviour change communication on metabolic syndrome and its components. The results imply the need for enhancing behaviour change interventions using various strategies at the community and health facility levels to curb the emerging burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia. Future research should examine the sustainability of such behaviour changes using a community based study.

scholarly journals Effect of Behaviour Change Communication on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Markers among Ethiopian Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makeda Sinaga ◽  
David Lindstrom ◽  
Melese Sinaga Teshome ◽  
Tilahun Yemane ◽  
Elsah Tegene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Behaviour Change Communication ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health problem with dire consequences on health, social and economic development. In Ethiopia although MetS has been increasing since the past few decades, there is no study that evaluated the effect of interventions. This study aimed to assess the effect of nutrition behaviour change communication on MetS and its markers.Methods: An individually randomized controlled trial was conducted using a parallel design among Ethiopian adults working in Jimma University from of September 1, 2015 to January 15, 2016 for the intervention group. A sample size of 230 was calculated using GPower 3.0 assuming an effect size of 0.4, margin of error of 0.05, power of 81%, with an intervention to control ratio of 1. The eligibility criteria include: not having any physical disability and having baseline data.. Study population was randomly selected from eligible population (n=704) and allocated into intervention (n=115) and controls (n=115) groups using simple randomization method. The intervention arm was given behaviour change communication using power point presentation, facilitated group discussion on MetS and effective dietary and life style behaviours every month for three months. An Amharic language brochure was also given after the first training and a text message reminder about key behaviours was sent to each individual every two weeks. Data on background characteristic, anthropometry, and clinical parameters and blood samples were collected by trained data collectors in the Nutrition and Dietetic Laboratory of Jimma University. The laboratory analyses were done in Mettu Karl Hospital for lipid profiles and in JUCAN project laboratory for fasting blood sugar. Primary outcomes of the study were metabolic syndrome and its components. Difference in the differences of metabolic syndrome components between baseline and endline (end of intervention) were compared by the intervention status. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of difference in differences of metabolic syndrome components. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify preditors of MetS at the end line.Results: Overall, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in the prevalence of MetS between intervention (11.6%) and control groups (37.5%) on the end line survey. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, control groups were 8.5 times more likely to have MetS compared to intervention groups (AOR=8.53, 95%CI: 3.60, 20.21, P <0.001). There was a significant mean difference in differences in most components of metabolic syndrome and other lipid profiles except HDL (P=0.717) in the intervention group. The mean difference in differences in waist circumference was 6.3 cm (P<0.001), while that of systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP were 6.1 mmHg (P< 0.001) and 3.6 mmHg (P=0.001), respectively. Likewise the difference of differences between intervention and control groups was 30.7 mg/dl (P<0.001) for T.Cholestrol, 55.5 mg/dl (P<0.001) for triglycerides, 21.9 mg/dl (P=0.015) for LDL and 22.2 mg/dl (P<0.001) for fasting blood sugar. Further multivariable linear regression analyses showed that after adjusting for many variables, there was a significant difference in difference between intervention groups in the components of MetS. For the intervention group the mean difference in differences was 6.1cm (β=6.1, P<0.001) for waist circumference and 4.2 mm Hg (β=4.2, P<0.05) for diastolic blood pressure and 6.5 mmHg (β=6.5, P<0.001) for systolic blood pressure compared with controls. Similarly, the mean difference in differences was higher in the intervention group by 19.9 mg/dl (β=19.9, P<0.05) for FBS, 57.5 mg/dl for TG (β=57.5, P<0.05), 24.40 mg/dl for LDL (β=24.4, P<0.05) and 30.9mg/dl for T.Cholestrol (β=30.9, P<0.001). This trial is retrospectively registered on Pan African Clinical Trial Registration with unique identification number of PACTR202003465339638.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that nutrition and life style behaviour change communication has a significant positive effect in reducing metabolic syndrome and its components. Although the study was conducted in an institutional set up, the results imply that enhancing such an interevention have a great potential to curb the emerging burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia. Future research should examine how sustainable such behaviour changes are using a community based study.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jus Apel Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia Hipertensi di Puskesmas Muara Kaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Siti Khoiroh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Mean

Background : Hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure in the arteries that lasted continuously for the long term. Hypertension can be overcome in two ways: pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Pharmacology treatment usually use medicine while one of the ways for non-pharmacology treatment is to consumes apple juice.Research Objective : The aim of this research is to know the effect of apple juice on blood pressure decrease in elderly people with hypertension at Muara Kaman Community Health Center.Methods : The design of this research used quasi experimental design (quasi experiment) with pretest posttest control group design. The sample of the research was hypertensive respondents at Muara Kaman Community Health Center as many as 30 respondents were divided into 2 groups, 15 intervention groups and 15 control groups. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The research instruments were stethoscope and sphygmomanometer, data analysis using t test dependent and t test independent.Results : There were a significant influence between pretest and posttest of apple juice in the intervention group (P value = 0,000; P <0.005). The mean difference in systolic blood pressure in the intervention group and the control group also had significant differences (P value = 0.002; P <0.05), where as the mean difference in diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group and the control group also had significant differences (P value = 0,039; P <0,05).The Conclusions : The results of this research showed that consumes apple juice gives an effect on the blood pressure of hypertensive patients by consumes regularly.The Suggestions : Nurses and the public can use apple juice as one of the ways to handling to hypertension sufferers besides antihypertensive drugs.

scholarly journals EFEK SELF EFFICACY TRAINING TERHADAP SELF EFFICACY DAN KEPATUHAN DIET DIABETESI

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainul Yaqin ◽  
Safitri Niken ◽  
Edi Dharmana
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

AbstrakPasien diabetes melllitus (DM) seringkali tidak patuh terhadap pola diet yang dianjurkan. Banyak pasien DM yang mengalami berat badan berlebih atau kurus. Ketidakpatuhan diet menyebabkan rendahnya kontrol glikemik, dan meningkatkan komplikasi, disability and mortality. Kepatuhan dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan diri/self efficacy (SE), di sisi lain program peningkatan SE terkait dietDM belum banyak diteliti. Self efficacy training (SET)mampu meningkatkan SEsehingga kepatuhan diet meningkat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis efek SET terhadap SE dan kepatuhan diet diabetesi. Metode menggunakan quasy experiment dengan rancangan post test nonequivalent control group. Sampel kelompok intervensi dan kontrol masing-masing 48 dan 51 orang. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak 6 sesi selama 12 hari. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas responden adalah perempuan dengan usia 58-67 tahun. SE diukur dengan kuisioner DIET-SE dan kepatuhan dengan PDAQ Selisih nilai mean SE kelompok intervensi dan kontrol setelah perlakuan adalah 4,27 dengan p=0,000 dan selisih mean kepatuhan diet kelompok intervensi dan kontrol adalah 5,94 dengan p=0,000. Hasil uji multivariat dengan MANOVA didapatkan ada efek SETpada kedua variabel dependen yang sangat bermakna (p=0,000), namun jika dilihat dari hasil selisih mean dengan kelompok kontrol, variabel kepatuhan memiliki peningkatan nilai mean yang lebih besar dibandingkan variabel SE. Kesimpulan penelitian SET dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan diet pasien DM melalui peningkatan SE. Kata kunci: sef efficacy training; self efficacy; kepatuhan  AbstractDiabetic Mellitus (DM) patients are often not adherent to the recommended dietary patterns. Many DM patients are overweight or underweight. Dietary adherence leads to lower glycemic control, and increases complications, disability and mortality. Adherence is influenced by self-efficacy (SE), on the other hand SE improvement programs related to DM diet has not been much studied. Self efficacy training (SET) is able to improve SE so that diet compliance increases. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of SET on SE and adherence to the diabetic diet. The method used quasy experiment with post tes nonequivalent control group design. The sample of the intervention and control groups were each 48 1 person. Intervention conducted as much as 6 sessions for 12 days. Results showed the majority of respondents were women aged 58-67 years. SE is measured by a DIET-SE questionnaire and compliance with PDAQ. The mean difference of SE values of the intervention and control groups after treatment was 4.27 with p = 0,000 and the mean difference of dietary intervention group and intervention was 5.94 p = 0,000. The result of multivariate test with MANOVA showed that there was a SET effect on both highly significant dependent variables (p = 0.000_, but if seen from the result of mean difference with the control group, the compliance variable had higher mean value than the SE variable. Improving DM patient's compliance through SE enhancement. Keywords: self efficacy training; self efficacy; obedience

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Behaviour Change Communication for Mothers on Complementary Feeding Practices and Infants’ Nutritional Status in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Kolade Afolayan Afolabi ◽  
Adebukunola Olajumoke Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Change Communication ◽  
Change Communication

Introduction: The quality of feeding in early childhood depends on nutritional knowledge of mothers. Improving maternal nutrition knowledge is therefore pivotal towards promoting effective infants’ feeding behaviour. Objective: Study assessed mothers’ knowledge about complementary feeding and complementary feeding practices. Study also assessed effectiveness of Behaviour Change Communication on mothers’ knowledge and complementary feeding practices, compared the nutritional status of infants whose mothers received intervention to infants of mothers in the control group. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted among 204 mothers in rural and urban local government areas, South-west Nigeria between March and September, 2019. Sample size was estimated using formula for comparison of two proportions, eligible mothers were selected through multistage sampling technique. Study was conducted in three phases: pre-intervention phase, intervention and post intervention phases. Intervention: Selected mothers were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Mothers in the intervention group received Behavior Change Communication on complementary feeding and were followed up for six months. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25, Chi-square and repeated analysis of variance evaluated effectiveness of intervention, level of significance was < 0.05. Results: BCC improved mothers’ knowledge about complementary feeding by 31.9% (χ2 = 21.62; p = 0.001), meal frequency by 16% (χ2 = 5.88, p = 0.01), dietary diversity by 19.6% (χ2 = 7.44, p = 0.01), minimum acceptable diet by 20.6% (χ2 = 13.09; p =0.01). Intervention also reduced under-weight by 14% (χ2 = 0.69, p = 0.01; (F(1,191) =275.34; p = 0.04) among intervention group. Conclusion: Effective nutritional intervention for mothers towards improving nutritional status of children should incorporate appropriate behaviour change approach. This approach is capable of improving nutritional status of infants and children and consequently reduce malnutrition and related complications in early childhood.

scholarly journals SMS behaviour change communication and eVoucher interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in the Kilimanjaro and Arusha regions of Tanzania: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Erwin ◽  
Kristan J Aronson ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Ophira Ginsburg ◽  
Godwin Macheku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Change Communication ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Catchment Areas

BackgroundCervical cancer, although almost entirely preventable through cervical cancer screening (CCS) and human papillomavirus vaccination, is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Tanzania. Barriers to attending CCS include lack of awareness of CCS, affordability concerns regarding screening and travel cost. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of SMS (short message service) behaviour change communication (BCC) messages and of SMS BCC messages delivered with a transportation electronic voucher (eVoucher) on increasing uptake of CCS versus the control group.MethodsDoor-to-door recruitment was conducted between 1 February and 13 March 2016 in randomly selected enumeration areas in the catchment areas of two hospitals, one urban and one rural, in Northern Tanzania. Women aged 25–49 able to access a mobile phone were randomised using a computer-generated 1:1:1 sequence stratified by urban/rural to receive either (1) 15 SMS, (2) an eVoucher for return transportation to CCS plus the same SMS, or (3) one SMS informing about the nearest CCS clinic. Fieldworkers and participants were masked to allocation. All areas received standard sensitisation including posters, community announcements and sensitisation similar to community health worker (CHW) sensitisation. The primary outcome was attendance at CCS within 60 days of randomisation.FindingsParticipants (n=866) were randomly allocated to the BCC SMS group (n=272), SMS + eVoucher group (n=313), or control group (n=281), with 851 included in the analysis (BCC SMS n=272, SMS + eVoucher n=298, control group n=281). By day 60 of follow-up, 101 women (11.9%) attended CCS. Intervention group participants were more likely to attend than control group participants (SMS + eVoucher OR: 4.7, 95% CI 2.9 to 7.4; SMS OR: 3.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 6.2).Trial registration numberNCT02680613.

scholarly journals Healthcare professional-led interventions on lifestyle modifications for hypertensive patients – a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indre Treciokiene ◽  
Maarten Postma ◽  
Thang Nguyen ◽  
Tanja Fens ◽  
Jurgis Petkevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background About 0.9 billion people in the world have hypertension. The mortality due to hypertension increased dramatically over the last decades. Healthcare professionals should support patients with hypertension to modify their lifestyle to decrease blood pressure, but an overview of effective lifestyle interventions is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether healthcare professional-led interventions on lifestyle modifications are effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Methods A systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) of interventions on lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients which were performed by healthcare professionals (physician, nurse, pharmacist) and which reported blood pressure measurements. Papers were reviewed by two reviewers and analysed using Cochrane software Revman 5.4. In a meta-analysis difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure (BP) was analysed. Results In total, 34 clinical trials reporting on 22,419 patients (mean age 58.4 years, 49.14% female, 69.9% used antihypertensive medications) were included. The mean difference SBP was − 4.41 mmHg (95% CI, − 5.52to − 3.30) and the mean difference DBP was − 1.66 mmHg (95% CI − 2.44 to − 0.88) in favor of the intervention group vs usual care. Fifty-six percent of patients achieved BP control in the intervention group vs 44% in usual care, OR = 1.87 (95% CI, 1.51 to 2.31). Conclusion Healthcare professional-led interventions were effective. Patients achieved almost 5 mmHg decrease of SBP and more patients achieved BP control. The results suggest that efforts are needed for widespread implementation.

scholarly journals Effect of Hope-oriented group counseling on mental health of infertile women with failed IVF cycles: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Rahimi ◽  
Shirin Hasanpour ◽  
Mojgan. Mirghafourvand ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Considering the prevalence of infertility in the community and the consequences of failure of infertility treatments on women’s mental health, interventions that can control stress, anxiety and depression in infertile women with a history of IVF failure will be very helpful. This study aimed to determine the effects of hope-oriented group counseling on mental health (primary outcome) and quality of life (QoL) (secondary outcome) of women with failed IVF cycles. Method This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with failed IVF cycles visiting Infertility Clinic at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital of Tabriz- Iran. Participants were allocated to the intervention group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) based on a randomized block design. Hope-oriented group counseling was provided to the intervention group in six 45–60 min sessions (once a week). The control group only received routine care to undergo another IVF cycle. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the SF-12 Quality of Life Scale were filled out by interviewing the participants before the intervention and one week and one month after the intervention. After intervention 26 participants in each group were included in the analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the socio-demographic profile of participants (P > 0.05). The post-intervention mean score of stress (adjusted mean difference = − 1.7, 95% confidence interval: − 3.2 to − 0.3, P = 0.018) and depression (adjusted mean difference = − 1.3, 95% confidence interval: − 4.7 to − 1.5, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control. Although the mean anxiety score was lower in the intervention group compared to the control, the difference between them was not statistically significant (adjusted mean difference = − 1.1, 95% confidence interval: − 2.6 to 0.4, P = 0.153). The mean score of QoL was significantly higher in the intervention group than that of the control group (adjusted mean difference = 6.9, 95% confidence interval: 5.1 to 8.8, P < 0.001). Conclusion Hope-oriented group counseling was effective in reducing stress and depression and improving QoL in women with failed IVF cycles. It is recommended to use this counseling approach, along with other methods, to improve the mental health of women with failed IVF cycles. Trial registration TCT Registration Number: TCTR 20191017003, registered on October 17, 2019.

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Basavaraj PG ◽  
Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽  
Chidanand Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Positive History ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

scholarly journals Negative Air Pressure on Wet Cupping in Decreasing Blood Pressures in Hypertensive Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Budi Darmawan ◽  
Diyah Fatmasari ◽  
Rr. Sri Endang Pujiast
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Decrease Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

Background: Wet cupping, furthermore mentioned cupping, decreases blood pressures through the level of negative air pressures added by hydrostatics filtration pressure to reinforce the power of fluids filtration in capillaries. However, an appropriate negative air pressure to decrease blood pressure remains an uncertainty.Purpose: This study aimed to analyze negative air pressure differences on cupping in decreasing blood pressures in hypertensive patients.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental design conducted in three Community Health Centers in Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia. The samples were 36 hypertensive males with age from 45 to 55, who were randomly stratified into two groups with cupping pressures 400 mbar (n=18) as the control group; and 540 mbar (n=18) as the intervention group. The cupping session was performed to each group on T1 (alkahil) point and in the middle line of both shoulders blade points. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were measured by validated automatic sphygmomanometer. The follow-up periods were one week and two weeks. The data were then analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Cupping pressure of 400 mbar decreased the mean of SBP and DPB with a p-value of 0.450 and 0.026, respectively after two weeks of intervention. Meanwhile, cupping pressure of 540 mbar decreased the mean of SBP and DBP with a p-value of 0.006 and 0.057, respectively. Tests of within-subjects resulted in the p-value of 0.250 (SBP) and 0.176 (DBP) after two weeks of intervention. There were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between the intervention group and the control group.Conclusion: The cupping pressure between 400 mbar and 540 mbar could reduce blood pressure; however, the cupping pressure of 540 mbar yielded greater effect in decreasing blood pressure than the 400 mbar. Negative air vacuum pressure loads on cupping to decrease blood pressure should be considered between 400 to 540 mbar, and further studies are needed.

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