scholarly journals Responses of leaf morphology, NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba to shading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Zhengning Wang ◽  
Yanfang Chen ◽  
Zhumei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Low Light ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Abstract Background: The non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are important energy source or nutrients for all plant growth and metabolism. To persist in shaded understory, saplings have to maintain the dynamic balance of carbon and nutrients, such as leaf NSCs, C, N and P. To improve understanding of the nutrient utilization strategies between shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species, we therefore compared the leaf NSCs, C, N, P in respond to shade between seedlings of shade-tolerant Schima superba and shade-intolerant Cunninghamia lanceolate. Shading treatments were created with five levels (0%, 40%, 60%, 85%, 95% shading degree) to determine the effect of shade on leaf NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics.Results: Mean leaf area was significantly larger under 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata while maximum mean leaf area was observed under 85% shading degree for S. superba seedlings, whereas leaf mass per area decreased consistently with increasing shading degree in both species. In general, both species showed decreasing NSC, soluble sugar and starch contents with increasing shading degree. However shade-tolerant S. superba seedlings exhibited higher NSC, soluble sugar and starch content than shade-intolerant C. lanceolate. The soluble sugar/starch ratio of C. lanceolate decreased with increasing shading degree, whereas that of S. superb remained stable. Leaf C:N ratio decreased while N:P ratio increased with increasing shading degree; leaf C:P ratio was highest in 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata and in 40% shading degree for S. superba. Conclusion: S. superba is better adapted to low light condition than C. lanceolata through enlarged leaf area and increased carbohydrate reserves that allow the plant to cope with low light stress. From mixed plantation viewpoint, it would be advisable to plant S. superba later once the canopy of C. lanceolata is well developed but allowing enough sunlight.

scholarly journals Effects of light intensity on non-structural carbohydrate contents and C:N:P stoichiometry in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Zhengning Wang ◽  
Yanfang Chen ◽  
Zhumei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Abstract Background: An understanding of the light requirement of tree species has paramount importance in management of mixed species forests. Here, we examined changes in leaf morphological traits, non-structural carbohydrate contents and C:N:P stoichiometry in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba seedlings that were grown under five light intensity levels (5%, 15%, 40%, 60%, and 100% sunlight) in a shade house. Results: Mean leaf area was significantly larger under 40% light intensity for C. lanceolata while maximum mean leaf area was observed under 15% light intensity for S. superba seedlings, whereas leaf mass per area decreased consistently with decreasing light intensity in S. superba; Non-structural carbohydrate content was higher for S. superba than C. lanceolata when seedlings were exposed to 100%, 15% and 5% light intensity; Leaf C:N ratio decreased while N:P ratio increased with decreasing light intensity; leaf C:P ratio was highest in 40% light intensity for C. lanceolata and in 60% light intensity for S. superba. Conclusion: S. superba is better adapted to low light intensity than C. lanceolata through enlarged leaf area and increased carbohydrate reserves that allow the plant to better maintain C balance. From mixed species planting viewpoint, it would be advisable to plant S. superba later once the canopy of C. lanceolata is well developed but allowing enough sunlight (up to 15%-60%).

Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry across Forest Communities in Eastern Guangdong, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5297-5301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng Li ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Zhi Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
P Element ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
Community Classification ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
C:P Ratios

Stoichiometric characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) across forest communities were investigated based on community classification in Changtan Nature Reserve, Guangdong province, China. Results are as follows: (1) the monsoon broadleaved forest had high concentrations of SOC, N and P as compared with other community types. The highest concentration of SOC (39.2±2.3 g•kg-1) was found in the Schima superba community, while the highest concentration of N (2.21±0.24 g•kg-1) occurred in the Castanopsis fissa community, which also had the highest P concentration. Pinus massoniana community had the lowest concentrations of SOC, N, and P, especially lacking in P element. (2) Communities which had longer succession time exhibited a high C:P ratio. The Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa communities had the highest C:P ratios (301.0 and 304.2, respectively); in contrast, soil C:P ratio in the Cunninghamia lanceolata community was only 150.0. (3) The highest and lowest ratios of soil C:N were found in monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (36.6) and Schima superba community (17.0), respectively, which was significantly different (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the N:P ratios among the five communities.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a zeaxanthin epoxidase gene from Medicago sativa enhances the tolerance to low light in transgenic tobacco

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuman Cao ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Zhang You ◽  
Jincai Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Zeaxanthin Epoxidase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Low Light Stress

Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) plays an important role in xanthophyll cycle which is a process closely related to photosynthesis. However, an impact of ZEP on low light stress has not been reported. In this study, the functions of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) zeaxanthin epoxidase gene, MsZEP, in response to low light stress were investigated by heterologous expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Under normal light condition, parameters measured were not significantly different between transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants except for non-photochemical quenching value and chlorophyll a content, while difference existed in low light stress. We found that MsZEP-overexpression tobacco grew faster than WT (p≤0.05). The leaf fresh weight and leaf area of transgenic plants were significantly higher, and the number of stoma was greater in MsZEP-overexpression tobacco. As for photosynthetic characteristics, quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were not significantly different, wherase non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomata conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of MsZEP-overexpression tobacco were significantly higher than WT plants. However, no significant difference was existed between the two types of tobacco in chlorophyll and carotenoids content. In conclusion, MsZEP can improve the ability of tobacco to withstand low light stress, which might be due to its stronger photosynthetic activity and the improvement of stomata density under low light.

scholarly journals Respon Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi Genotipe Tomat Senang Naungan Pada Intensitas Cahaya Rendah (The Respon of Morpho-Physiological Characters of Loving-Shade Genotypes at Low Light Intensity)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dwiwanti Sulistyowati ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Chozin ◽  
Muhammad Syukur ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Low Light Stress ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Physiological Characters

<p>Tomat memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dengan sistem pertanaman berganda sebagai tanaman sela di bawah tegakan, baik di kehutanan, perkebunan, maupun pekarangan, sehingga mengalami stres cahaya rendah.  Stres cahaya rendah menyebabkan berbagai perubahan morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakter morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi genotipe tomat pada intensitas cahaya rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP) Bogor dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan Januari 2015. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Tersarang (<em>nested design</em>) yang diulang tiga kali, faktor pertama terdiri atas dua taraf naungan, tanpa naungan (0%) dan naungan 50%. Faktor kedua berupa 50 genotipe tomat (ditapis menjadi 4 kelompok genotipe, yaitu senang, toleran, moderat dan peka naungan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe tomat senang naungan mampu berproduksi lebih tinggi saat ternaungi, karena genotipe ini mampu beradaptasi lebih baik. Yaitu dengan cara meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah bunga dan jumlah buah dibandingkan genotipe peka. Terjadi peningkatan klorofil b lebih tinggi daripada klorofil a, sehingga terjadi penurunan yang lebih tinggi pada rasio klorofil a/b. Karakter yang berkorelasi dan berpengaruh langsung terhadap produksi tomat pada naungan 50% adalah luas daun, jumlah bunga, umur panen, rasio klorofil a/b, jumlah buah dan bobot per buah.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Intensitas cahaya rendah; Karakter genotipe tomat</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Tomatoes have the potential to be developed with multiple cropping systems as intercropping plants under stands, both in forestry, plantations, and yard, thus experiencing low light stress. Low light stress causes a variety of morphological, anatomical and physiological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological, anatomical and physiological characters of tomato genotypes at low light intensity. The experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Bogor Agricultural Extension Institute, in Bogor, from October 2014 to January 2015. The experiment was arranged in nested randomized design with two factors and three replication. The first factor consisted of two levels of shading intensity, i.e. without shade (0 %) and 50% shading. and the second factor was 50 tomato genotypes (4 groups of tomato genotypes, i.e. shade-loving, shade-tolerant, shade-moderate and shade-sensitive genotypes). The results showed that the shade-loving genotypes was capable of producing higher levels when shaded, as the genotype was able to adapt better. That was by increasing the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, flower number and fruit number compared to sensitive genotypes. Increased chlorophyll b is higher than chlorophyll a, resulting in a higher decrease in the ratio of chlorophyll a/b. Character that correlates and directly affects tomato production in 50% shade was leaf area, leaf number, harvesting time, a/b chlorophyll ratio, fruit number and fruit weight.</p>

scholarly journals Compensation Mechanism of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana ch1 Mutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Joanna Wójtowicz ◽  
Adam K. Jagielski ◽  
Agnieszka Mostowska ◽  
Katarzyna B. Gieczewska
Keyword(s):  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Chlorophyll B Deficiency ◽  
Composition Changes

The origin of chlorophyll b deficiency is a mutation (ch1) in chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), the enzyme responsible for Chl b synthesis. Regulation of Chl b synthesis is essential for understanding the mechanism of plant acclimation to various conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to find the strategy in plants for compensation of low chlorophyll content by characterizing and comparing the performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus related to the lipid and protein composition in four selected Arabidopsis ch1 mutants and two Arabidopsis ecotypes. Mutation in different loci of the CAO gene, viz., NW41, ch1.1, ch1.2 and ch1.3, manifested itself in a distinct chlorina phenotype, pigment and photosynthetic protein composition. Changes in the CAO mRNA levels and chlorophyllide a (Chlide a) content in ecotypes and ch1 mutants indicated their significant role in the adjustment mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus to low-light conditions. Exposure of mutants with a lower chlorophyll b content to short-term (1LL) and long-term low-light stress (10LL) enabled showing a shift in the structure of the PSI and PSII complexes via spectral analysis and the thylakoid composition studies. We demonstrated that both ecotypes, Col-1 and Ler-0, reacted to high-light (HL) conditions in a way remarkably resembling the response of ch1 mutants to normal (NL) conditions. We also presented possible ways of regulating the conversion of chlorophyll a to b depending on the type of light stress conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Stress on Germination and Growth Parameters of Corchorus olitorius, Celosia argentea,Amaranthus cruentus, Abelmoschus esculentus and Delonix regia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI ◽  
Kehinde Peter ADEKOYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Shade Plants

Seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus cruentus, Celosia argentea, Corchorus olitorius and Delonix regia were germinated under light and dark conditions. The germination parameters revealed that germination was higher in seeds of A. cruentus and C. olitorus under light while the seeds of D. regia germinated more in the dark. However, no major difference was observed in the germination of C. argentea and A. esculentus in light and darkness. The above findings point out that germination is species dependent. It also indicated that Amaranthus cruentus and C. olitorius adapt better to light while D. regia adapt better to dark condition. The shade plants of A. esculentus and D. regia were found to be taller than those under direct sunlight. However, seedlings of A. cruentus, C. olitorius and C. argentea were found to be taller those under direct sunlight than in the shade regimes. This could suggest that these plants have higher tolerance of heat with respect to A. esculentus and D. regia. Shade plants of A. esculentus, C. argentea, C. olitorius and D. regia exhibited lower leaf area which is an adaptation to maximize light interception. Higher leaf area was observed in the shade plant of A. cruentus may be an adaptation to maximize the little light available to the plant under shade. These findings revealed plants adaptation to cope with stress in the environment.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: I. Growth and biomass allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in Brazilian Amazonia, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. For both species leaf dry mass and leaf area per total plant dry mass, and leaf area per leaf dry mass were higher for low-light plants, whereas root mass per total plant dry mass was higher for high-light plants. High-light S. cayennensis allocated significantly more biomass to reproductive tissue than low-light plants, suggesting a probably lower ability of this species to maintain itself under shaded conditions. Relative growth rate (RGR) in I. asarifolia was initially higher for high-light grown plants and after 20 days started decreasing, becoming similar to low-light plants at the last two harvests (at 30 and 40 days). In S. cayennensis, RGR was also higher for high-light plants; however, this trend was not significant at the first and last harvest dates (10 and 40 days). These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals Physiological plasticity of main tree species of lowland hornbeamoak forest as a results of forest gap regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Árpád Szalacsi ◽  
Gergely Király ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Opening Process

Specific leaf area (SLA) of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as members of Querco robori-Carpinetum were investigated in two different habitat in terms of gap forest management: in the gap and in the inert forest. The artificial opening process of the forest resulted in more light for growing saplings and need for acclimatization. Photosynthesis is one of the most important ways for plant life and plant production basically influenced by altered light condition resulted in opening process. Efficient photosynthesis is important for plant life, plant production, but species-dependent plasticity of photosynthesis makes one species more tolerant, than others. The specific leaf area is acceptable parameters for characterising plant production, dry matter content and leaf structure. The dry matter content based on known leaf area is higher in oak both sun and shade leaves, than hornbeam. The different place of leaves in the canopy of trees did not influence the values of SLA.

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