scholarly journals Effects of light intensity on non-structural carbohydrate contents and C:N:P stoichiometry in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Zhengning Wang ◽  
Yanfang Chen ◽  
Zhumei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Abstract Background: An understanding of the light requirement of tree species has paramount importance in management of mixed species forests. Here, we examined changes in leaf morphological traits, non-structural carbohydrate contents and C:N:P stoichiometry in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba seedlings that were grown under five light intensity levels (5%, 15%, 40%, 60%, and 100% sunlight) in a shade house. Results: Mean leaf area was significantly larger under 40% light intensity for C. lanceolata while maximum mean leaf area was observed under 15% light intensity for S. superba seedlings, whereas leaf mass per area decreased consistently with decreasing light intensity in S. superba; Non-structural carbohydrate content was higher for S. superba than C. lanceolata when seedlings were exposed to 100%, 15% and 5% light intensity; Leaf C:N ratio decreased while N:P ratio increased with decreasing light intensity; leaf C:P ratio was highest in 40% light intensity for C. lanceolata and in 60% light intensity for S. superba. Conclusion: S. superba is better adapted to low light intensity than C. lanceolata through enlarged leaf area and increased carbohydrate reserves that allow the plant to better maintain C balance. From mixed species planting viewpoint, it would be advisable to plant S. superba later once the canopy of C. lanceolata is well developed but allowing enough sunlight (up to 15%-60%).

scholarly journals Responses of leaf morphology, NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba to shading

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Zhengning Wang ◽  
Yanfang Chen ◽  
Zhumei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Low Light ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

Abstract Background: The non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are important energy source or nutrients for all plant growth and metabolism. To persist in shaded understory, saplings have to maintain the dynamic balance of carbon and nutrients, such as leaf NSCs, C, N and P. To improve understanding of the nutrient utilization strategies between shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species, we therefore compared the leaf NSCs, C, N, P in respond to shade between seedlings of shade-tolerant Schima superba and shade-intolerant Cunninghamia lanceolate. Shading treatments were created with five levels (0%, 40%, 60%, 85%, 95% shading degree) to determine the effect of shade on leaf NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics.Results: Mean leaf area was significantly larger under 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata while maximum mean leaf area was observed under 85% shading degree for S. superba seedlings, whereas leaf mass per area decreased consistently with increasing shading degree in both species. In general, both species showed decreasing NSC, soluble sugar and starch contents with increasing shading degree. However shade-tolerant S. superba seedlings exhibited higher NSC, soluble sugar and starch content than shade-intolerant C. lanceolate. The soluble sugar/starch ratio of C. lanceolate decreased with increasing shading degree, whereas that of S. superb remained stable. Leaf C:N ratio decreased while N:P ratio increased with increasing shading degree; leaf C:P ratio was highest in 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata and in 40% shading degree for S. superba. Conclusion: S. superba is better adapted to low light condition than C. lanceolata through enlarged leaf area and increased carbohydrate reserves that allow the plant to cope with low light stress. From mixed plantation viewpoint, it would be advisable to plant S. superba later once the canopy of C. lanceolata is well developed but allowing enough sunlight.

scholarly journals Parâmetros biométricos e fisiológicos de Heliconia bihai cultivada em região litorânea sob diferentes níveis de radiação solar

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Reivany Eduardo Morais Lima ◽  
Fábio Costa Farias ◽  
Marlos Alves Bezerra ◽  
Fred Carvalho Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of different levels of light intensity on the physiology, vegetative and reproductive development of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two grown under coastal zone of Ceara State. Plants of this species were grown under full and 30%, 40% and 50% reduction sunlight intensity. It was evaluated the number of leaves and tillers per plant; amount of stalks; leaf area, water and carbohydrate content in the leaf next to the inflorescence arising and next to the inflorescence at harvest stage. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance of plants were measured for six consecutive months. Significant difference were attained for leaf area and water content in leaves close to the inflorescence at harvest stage, with lower values, and carbohydrate contents in leaves, with higher values in plants grown in full sun. The treatments with lower levels of solar radiation had higher amounts of stalks and higher vegetative growth, the reduction in vegetative growth of the plants under full sun was due to the lower photosynthetic rate and lower translocation of assimilates.

scholarly journals Responses of leaf morphology, NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba to shading

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
Zhengning Wang ◽  
Yanfang Chen ◽  
Zhumei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba

Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry across Forest Communities in Eastern Guangdong, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5297-5301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng Li ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Zhi Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
P Element ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
Community Classification ◽  
C:P Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
C:P Ratios

Stoichiometric characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) across forest communities were investigated based on community classification in Changtan Nature Reserve, Guangdong province, China. Results are as follows: (1) the monsoon broadleaved forest had high concentrations of SOC, N and P as compared with other community types. The highest concentration of SOC (39.2±2.3 g•kg-1) was found in the Schima superba community, while the highest concentration of N (2.21±0.24 g•kg-1) occurred in the Castanopsis fissa community, which also had the highest P concentration. Pinus massoniana community had the lowest concentrations of SOC, N, and P, especially lacking in P element. (2) Communities which had longer succession time exhibited a high C:P ratio. The Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa communities had the highest C:P ratios (301.0 and 304.2, respectively); in contrast, soil C:P ratio in the Cunninghamia lanceolata community was only 150.0. (3) The highest and lowest ratios of soil C:N were found in monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (36.6) and Schima superba community (17.0), respectively, which was significantly different (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the N:P ratios among the five communities.

scholarly journals Hybrid tea-roses under controlled light conditions. I. The effect of the level of irradiance on the growth and development of seedlings.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
D.P. de Vries ◽  
L. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

As a basis for breeding cvs adapted to flowering in winter light conditions, the growth of hybrid tea rose seedlings under controlled conditions was studied. Irradiance varied from 4-24 W/m2, day length was 8 h, temperature 21 deg C. Like cvs, the seedlings sometimes aborted the flower bud at low light intensity. With increasing irradiances, the following phenomena were observed: the juvenile period of the seedlings shortened; plants were longer at bud formation, at first flowering and at flower bud abortion; leaf area and the number of petals increased. Leaf number was constant at all irradiances. Flowering seedlings were smaller at bud formation, but taller at actual flowering than blind ones. Blind seedlings had fewer leaves with a smaller area. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Diverging Responses of Two Subtropical Tree Species (Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata) to Heat Waves

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Luping Qu ◽  
Hans J. De Boeck ◽  
Huihua Fan ◽  
Gang Dong ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

The frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) has increased in subtropical regions in recent years. The mechanism underlying the HW response of subtropical trees remains unclear. In this study, we conducted an experiment with broad-leaved Schima superba (S. superba) and coniferous Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) seedlings to examine HW (5-day long) effects on stem water transport, leaf water use efficiency (WUE), morphology and growth, and to elucidate differences in the responses of both species. Our results indicated that HWs can significantly reduce hydraulic conductivity in both species. C. lanceolata experienced significant xylem embolism, with the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) increasing by 40%, while S. superba showed a non-significant increase in PLC (+25%). Furthermore, HW also caused a reduction in photosynthesis rates (An), but transpiration rates (Tr) increased on the 5th day of the HW, together leading to a significant decrease in leaf WUE. From diurnal dynamics, we observed that the HW caused significant decrease of S. superba An only in the morning, but nearly the all day for C. lanceolata. During the morning, with a high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) environment, the HW increased Tr, which contributed a lot to latently cooling the foliage. In comparing the two tree species, we found that HW effects on S. superba were mostly short-term, with leaf senescence but limited or no xylem embolism. The surviving S. superba recovered rapidly, forming new branches and leaves, aided by their extensive root systems. For C. lanceolata, continued seedling growth initially but with subsequent xylem embolism and withering of shoots, led to stunted recovery and regrowth. In conclusion, apart from the direct thermal impacts caused by HW, drought stress was the main cause of significant negative effects on plant water transport and the photosynthetic system. Furthermore, S. superba and C. lanceolata showed clearly different responses to HW, which implies that the response mechanisms of broad-leaved and coniferous tree species to climate change can differ.

Effect of Interspecific Interference, Light Intensity, and Soil Moisture on Soybean (Glycine max), Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Water Uptake

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Jones ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine the effects of interspecific root and canopy interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on water uptake and biomass of soybean, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Canopy interference and canopy plus root interference of soybean with common cocklebur increased soybean water uptake per plant and per unit leaf area. Root interference with soybean decreased common cocklebur water uptake per plant. Canopy interference of soybean with sicklepod increased soybean water uptake per unit leaf area, while root interference decreased uptake per plant. Combined root and canopy interference with soybean decreased water uptake per plant for sicklepod. Soybean leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root interference with both weeds. Common cocklebur and sicklepod leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root and canopy interference with soybeans. Only common cocklebur root weight decreased when canopies interfered and roots did not. The relationship between light intensity and water uptake per unit leaf area was linear in both years with water uptake proportional to light intensity. In 1991 water uptake response to tight was greater for common cocklebur than for sicklepod. The relationship between soil moisture level and water uptake was logarithmic. Common cocklebur water uptake was two times that of soybean or sicklepod at −2 kPa of pressure potential. In 1991 common cocklebur water uptake decreased at a greater rate than soybean or sicklepod in response to pressure potential changes from −2 to −100 kPa.

Investigations into the increased rust (Puccinia helianthi) intensity on some hybrid sunflower cultivars grown in Queensland

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
KC Goulter ◽  
JK Kochman ◽  
JF Brown
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Puccinia Helianthi ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Hybrid Sunflower

Sunflower rust intensity in crops of several hybrid cultivars in Queensland during the 1980, 1981 and 1982 seasons ranged from 30 to 60% of leaf area. In previous years, these cultivars had rust ratings of 2-5%. Rust was also found on some crops of usually immune hybrids grown during winter in central Queensland. A number of rust differential lines were inoculated with several isolates collected from throughout Queensland during 1981 and 1982, as well as with isolates stored in liquid nitrogen from the years 1976, 1978 and 1980. Because all isolates failed to infect the differentials possessing either the R1 or R2 genes for resistance, all collections were allocated to race 1. Comparisons of the temporal isolates revealed that no differences could be detected among the generation times, pustule number and pustule size produced by isolates on a range of sunflower rust differentials and hybrid cultivars. These data indicated that the composition of the pathogenic population had not altered. The application of higher inoculum densities shortened generation times and produced more pustules; both relationships were linear. The development of race 1 rust on seedlings of the immune hybrid Hysun 30 was induced by maintaining the plants under low light intensity or short photoperiods.

AN ANALYSIS OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Brix
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown in growth chambers under all combinations of three temperatures (13, 18, and 24 °C) and three light intensities (450, 1000, and 1800 ft-c). Dry matter production of leaves, stem, and roots was determined at 65 and 100 days after germination. The leaf area produced per unit of leaf dry weight and the dry matter distribution to the plant organs was measured. Net assimilation rates between the ages of 65 and 100 days were calculated. Rates of photosynthesis per unit of leaf were determined at different light intensities and temperatures, and rates of respiration of plant top and of roots were found for different temperatures.Increasing light intensity affected dry matter production in two opposing ways: (i) it increased the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, and (ii) it decreased the leaf area added per unit of dry matter produced. A pronounced increase in growth with increase in temperature from 13 to 18 °C was a result of a temperature influence on production of leaf area rather than the effect of photosynthesis per unit of leaf. Net assimilation rates decreased with increase in temperature at all light intensities.

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