scholarly journals Identification of Canine Brucellosis in Three Province, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aregawi Girmay ◽  
Atitegeb Sisay ◽  
Shiret Belete
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Rough Strain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, brucellosis has been reported targeted on bovine, occasionally on shoat, and rarely on camels. An investigation of the disease Brucellosis in the neglected companion animals is scared in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify canine brucellosis in Batu town, Alage and Naka village through cross sectional approaches. A total of 389 serum samples (207 from Batu, 107 from Alage, and 75 from Naka) were collected by restraining dogs with a portable and safe modified dog crush, invented by this author. Blood samples were collected from ear vein and sera were screened for Brucella antibodies using different serological tests. RBPT prepared from the smooth strain B. abortus antigen and CFT was used as a screening test and confirmatory test, respectively. Furthermore, all sera samples had also screened by RBPTcanis antigen (rough strain); and those positive were considered the cause for B. canis infection. Results: Using RBPT smooth strains, 21(5.4%; CI: 3.35, 7.96) were positive and 19(4.88%; CI: 2.7, 7.0) were confirmed by CFT. Besides, 34 (8.74%; CI: 5.92, 11.56) were positive for RBPTcanis rough strains. Relatively, higher proportion of anti B. canis antibodies had seen in Batu (11.59%) followed by Alage (5.61%), and Naka (5.33%). Sex, living condition, and history of obstetrical problem were significantly associated with the occurrence of canine brucellosis (p< 0.05). Odd of canine brucellosis due to smooth and rough strains in outdoor dogs were 4.72 and 6.42 times higher compared with indoors, respectively. This is true the fact that outdoors had a chance of getting infected aborted wastes when roaming freely. Conclusion: This study suggests that canine brucellosis is prevalent in the province. The seropositivity could give an insight that, the awareness of the people toward the disease was also the gap in the study area. Hence, this warrants public education among the community is recommended.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
S. Mithu ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
M. J. Uddin ◽  
R. R. Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Significant Economic Loss ◽  
Sera Samples ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant economic loss in dairy industries worldwide including Bangladesh. But limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in goat in all districts of Bangladesh. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats in Nilphamari Sadar and Kishoreganj upazillas of Nilphamari district of Bangladesh using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and I-ELISA as confirmatory test. A total of 154 sera samples from Black Bengal goats were collected from Nilphamari district. Epidemiological data on the selected Black Bengal goats were collected using a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 2.59% in Black Bengal goats. A significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in Black Bengal goats with the history of previous abortion (33.33%). An insignificant (p>0.05) but higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult Black Bengal goats (>24 months) than young. The prevalence was relatively higher in cross-bred than pure Black Bengal goats, in female than male and in pregnant than non-pregnant Black Bengal goats. The result of the study will provide baseline data for control of brucellosis in goat in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646

scholarly journals First Isolation and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Brucella canis from a Subclinically Infected Pet Dog in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Guangwen Yan ◽  
Zidong Pang ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Ziyao Zhou ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Brucella Strain ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Canine brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease, is mainly caused by Brucella canis. In the present study, we isolated a Brucella strain (CD3) from a subclinically infected pet dog in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. Classical biotyping methods and molecular biological tests (BCSP31 and BcSS PCR) proved that the strain belonged to B. canis. Furthermore, B. canis CD3 and another two B. canis strains (WJ5 and YA4), which were all isolated from pet dogs in Sichuan, were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Our results showed that the three B. canis strains were identified as the same sequence type (ST21). The present study is the first to report B. canis strain from a subclinically infected pet dog in China, indicating a potential threat to public health posed by subclinical infections in pet dogs. We suggest that screening for B. canis should be incorporated into routine medical examination of pet dogs and other companion animals in areas with a history of animal or human brucellosis.

scholarly journals Serological Investigations of Brucellosis in Cattle, Farmers and Veterinarians in the Kars District of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otlu ◽  
M. Sahin ◽  
H. I. Atabay ◽  
A. Unver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in cattle, farmers and veterinarians in the Kars district of Turkey between 2004 - 2006. In order to achieve this, a total of 407 serum samples of cattle from 27 herds having history of abortions were examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT and SAT. In addition, the sera collected from 246 farmers (130 males and 116 females) and 28 veterinarians in the same district were analysed serologically by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 134 (32.92%) and 141 (34.64%) were determined as positive by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Thirty-two (13%), 35 (14.22%) and 44 (17.88%) of the farmers' sera were found positive for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and ELISA, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes for Brucella seropositivity. Of the 28 sera from veterinarians, 13 (46.42%) were positive by the three serological tests. The high prevalence of brucellosis both in cattle and humans suggests that brucellosis is common in this area. Preventive and control measures should be implemented and pursued more strictly to reduce and/or eradicate brucellosis from the area.

Prospection of immunological biomarkers for characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124-1132
Author(s):  
Gisele Macêdo Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Mariângela Carneiro ◽  
Marcelo Antônio Pascoal-Xavier ◽  
Iara Caixeta Marques da Rocha ◽  
Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractIn areas endemic for Leishmania infantum, an asymptomatic infection may be an indicator of the extent of transmission. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the applicability of measuring circulating immunological biomarkers as an alternative strategy to characterize and monitor L. infantum asymptomatic infections in combination with serological methods. To this end, 179 children from a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), aged 1–10 years old, selected from a cross-sectional study, were identified as asymptomatic (n = 81) or uninfected (n = 98) by qPCR and/or serological tests (ELISA using L. infantum soluble antigen and rK39), and, together with serum samples of children diagnosed with VL (n = 43), were subjected to avidity tests and cytokine levels measurement. Avidity rates (AR) ranging from 41 to 70% were found in 29 children (66%) from the asymptomatic group. On the other hand, high AR (above 70%) were observed in 27 children (64%) from the VL group. Logistic Regression and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses demonstrated that lower AR and IFN-γ production associated with higher IL-17A levels were hallmarks in asymptomatic L. infantum infections. Therefore, this study proposes an association of immunological biomarkers that can be used as a complementary strategy for the characterization and monitoring of asymptomatic VL infections in children living in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Retrospective review of abdominal aortic aneurysm deaths in New Zealand: what proportion of deaths is potentially preventable by a screening programme in the contemporary setting?

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027291
Author(s):  
Wing Cheuk Chan ◽  
Dean Papaconstantinou ◽  
Doone Winnard ◽  
Gary Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesTo describe the proportions of people dying from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who might have benefited from a formal screening programme for AAA.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional review of deaths.Setting and study populationsAll AAA deaths registered in New Zealand from 2010 to 2014 in the absence of a national AAA screening programme.Main outcome measuresKnown history of AAA prior to the acute event leading to AAA death, prognosis limiting comorbidities, history of prior abdominal imaging and a validated multimorbidity measure (M3-index scores).Results1094 AAA deaths were registered in the 5 years between 2010 and 2014 in New Zealand. Prior to the acute AAA event resulting in death, 31.3% of the cohort had a known AAA diagnosis, and 10.9% had a previous AAA procedure. On average, the AAA diagnosis was known 3.7 years prior to death. At least 77% of the people dying from AAA also had one or more other prognosis limiting diagnosis. The hazard of 1-year mortality associated with the non-AAA related comorbidities for the AAA cohort aged 65 or above were 1.5–2.6 times higher than to the age matched general population based on M3-index scores. In 2014, overall AAA deaths accounted for only 0.7% of total deaths, and 1.0% of deaths among men aged 65 or above in New Zealand. At most, 20% of people dying from AAA in New Zealand between 2010 and 2014 might have had the potential to derive full benefit from a screening programme. About 51% of cases would have derived no or very limited benefit from a screening programme.ConclusionFalling AAA mortality, and high prevalence of competing comorbidities and/or prior AAA diagnosis and procedure raises the question about the likely value of a national AAA screening programme in a country such as New Zealand.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Study of Toxocariasis in Children Aged 6-14 Year Old in Sanandaj, Western Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya MAROUFI ◽  
Ashkan FARIDI ◽  
Mohammadbagher KHADEMERFAN ◽  
Fares BAHRAMI ◽  
Ghasem ZAMINI
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Toxocariasis is a disease caused by Toxocara nematodes and occurs from consuming their eggs. The main hosts of these worms are dogs and cats. The disease in humans becomes a visceral larva migrans (VLM). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in children aged 6–14 years. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from Jun 1 2016 to Dec 1 2017 in Sanandaj, west of Iran. A total of 182 serum samples were collected from children age 6 to14 yr referred to medical diagnostic laboratories. Demographic data (age, sex, and parents' literacy status), clinical signs (cough, headache, fever, abdominal pain), and the history of contact with dogs and cats was collected by a questionnaire. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibody was detected by T. canis IgG ELISA (IBL, Germany) kit. Results: Of 182 subjects, 97 (53.3%) were male and 85 (46.7%) female. The average age was 9.2 years. Antibodies against T. canis were positive in three cases (1.65%) of all the studied subjects. Conclusions: The results showed a low prevalence of toxocariasis in children studied.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiologi toksoplasmosis pada masyarakat di Desa Kumu Kabupaten Minahasa tahun 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa J. T. Seran ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Fatimawali .
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii in humans and also in animals. Toxoplasma gondii infection is widespread in the world, about 20-90% of the populations have been exposed to this parasite, and most take place without showing specific symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis among the villagers of kumu in district minahasa on 2015. This study was a cross sectional descriptive study. The study population was Kumu Village community. This study using blood specimens to be tested by latex agglutination test and interviews to determine the distribution of toxoplasmosis is based on risk factors. Seropositive obtained if agglutination occurs on the results of serological tests. Respondents consisted of 20 (90.90%) females and 2 (9.10%) men. The results showed 11 (50%) of respondents has toxoplasma seropositivity were distributed by age, sex, level of education, occupation, diet, hygiene, exposure to dogs, exposure to cats, and a history of miscarriage.Keywords: latex agglutination test, parasites, seropositivity, toxoplasma gondiiAbstrak: Toksoplasmosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Toxoplasma gondii pada manusia dan juga pada hewan. Infeksi Toxoplasma gondii tersebar luas di dunia, sekitar 20-90% populasi dunia pernah terpapar parasit ini, dan sebagian besar berlangsung tanpa menunjukkan gejala yang spesifik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seroepidemiologi toksoplasmosis pada masyarakat di Desa Kumu Kabupaten Minahasa tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Kumu. Penelitian ini menggunakan spesimen darah untuk diuji dengan uji aglutinasi lateks dan hasil wawancara untuk mengetahui distribusi toksoplasmosis berdasarkan faktor resiko. Seropositif didapat bila terjadi aglutinasi pada hasil tes serologis. Responden terdiri dari 20 (90,90%) wanita dan 2 (9,10%) pria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 11 (50%) responden seropositif toksoplasmosis yang terdistribusi berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pedidikan, pekerjaan, pola makan, higienitas, paparan anjing, paparan kucing, dan riwayat keguguran.Kata kunci: uji aglutinasi lateks, parasit, seropositif, toxoplasma gondii

scholarly journals Evaluation of nine serological rapid tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marcela Mercado ◽  
Jeadran Malagón-Rojas ◽  
Gabriela Delgado ◽  
Vivian Vanesa Rubio ◽  
Lida Muñoz Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Rapid Tests

Objective. To evaluate the operative capacity of nine serological rapid tests to detect the IgM/IgG antibodies response in serum from patients with SARS-CoV-2 in different clinical stages. Methods. A cross-sectional study of serological rapid tests was designed to compare the performance of the evaluated immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 293 samples was used, including negatives, asymptomatic, and symptomatic serum samples. Results. The sensitivity of the evaluated tests was low and moderate in the groups of asymptomatic serum samples and the group of serums coming from patients with less than 11 days since the onset of the symptoms. The specificity for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tests ranged between 86.5%-99% for IgM and 86.5%-99.5% for IgG. The sensitivity and the likelihood ratio were different according to the study groups. The usefulness of these tests is restricted to symptomatic patients and their sensitivity is greater than 85% after 11 days from the appearance of symptoms. Conclusions. Serological tests are not an adequate strategy for the identification of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients. Serological rapid tests for the detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be used as a diagnostic aid, but diagnosis must be confirmed by RT-PCR. Rapid tests should be reserved for patients with symptoms lasting more than 11 days.

scholarly journals Healthcare distrust among hospitalised black patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140824
Author(s):  
Thang Cong Nguyen ◽  
Evelyn Gathecha ◽  
Regina Kauffman ◽  
Scott Wright ◽  
Ché Matthew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

Study purposeDistrust of the healthcare system is longstanding in the black community. This may especially threaten the health of the population when a highly contagious infection strikes. This study aims to compare COVID-19-related perspectives and behaviours between hospitalised black patients who trust versus distrust doctors and healthcare systems.Study designCross-sectional study at a tertiary care academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Hospitalised adult black patients without a history of COVID-19 infection were surveyed between November 2020 and March 2021 using an instrument that assessed COVID-19-related matters. Analyses compared those who trusted versus mistrusted doctors and healthcare systems.Results37 distrusting hospitalised black patients were compared with 103 black patients who trusted doctors and healthcare systems. Groups had similar sociodemographics (all p>0.05). Distrustful patients were less likely to think that they were at high risk of contracting COVID-19 (54.0% vs 75.7%; p=0.05), less likely to believe that people with underlying medical conditions were at higher risk of dying from the virus (86.4% vs 98.0%; p=0.01) and less likely to be willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination (when available) (51.3% vs 77.6%; p<0.01) compared with those who were trusting.ConclusionHealthcare distrustful hospitalised black patients were doubtful of COVID-19 risk and hesitant about vaccination. Hospitalisations are concentrated exposures to the people and processes within healthcare systems; at these times, seizing the opportunity to establish meaningful relationships with patients may serve to gain their trust.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Nega Alemu ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Gemechis Mamo ◽  
Negussie Deyessa ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractBackgroundAnti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are being increasingly used for sero-epidemiological purposes to provide better understanding of the extent of the infection in the community, and monitoring the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic. We conducted sero-prevalence study to estimate prior infection with with SARS-CoV-2 in Addis Ababa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done from April 23 to 28, 2020 among 301 randomly selected residents of Addis Ababa; with no known history of contact with confirmed COVID-19 person. Interviews on socio demographic and behavioural risk factor followed by serological tests were performed for SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and IgG antibodies, using COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette. The test has sensitivity of 87·9% and specificity of 100% for lgM; and a sensitivity of 97·2% and specificity of 100% for IgG. RT-PCR test was also done on combined nasopharyngeal and oropharengeal swabs as an important public health consideration.FindingsThe unadjusted antibody-based crude SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was 7·6% and the adjusted true SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was estimated at 8·8% (95% CI 5·5%-11·6%) for the study population. Higher sero-prevalence were observed for males (9.0%), age below 50 years (8.2%), students and unemployed (15.6%), those with primary education (12.1%), smokers (7.8%), alcohol consumers (8.6%), chatt-chewers (13.6%) and shish smokers (18.8%). Seroprevalence was not significantly associated neither with socio-demographic not behavioral characteristics. According to the findings, possibly more individuals had been infected in Addis Ababa than what was being detected and reported by RT-PCR test suggestive of community transmission. The use of serological test for epidemiological estimation of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic gives a more precise estimate of magnitude which would be used for further monitoring and surveillance of the magnitude of the SARS CoV-2 infection.

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