scholarly journals The gut microbiome of 7-37 month old children from The Gambia shows the development of a distinct non-industrial Prevotella-based trophic network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus de Goffau ◽  
Amadou Jallow ◽  
Chilel Sanyang ◽  
Andrew Prentice ◽  
Julian Parkhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Network Cluster ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Trophic Network

Abstract Distinctive bacterial trophic networks exist in the gut microbiota of individuals in industrialized and non- industrialized countries. To study the development of these networks, we investigated the gut microbiota of 7-37 month old children living in rural Gambia (616 children, 1407 stool samples, stratified by 3-month age groups). We found that child age was the largest discriminating factor between samples, and that anthropometric indices WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ, collection timepoints, and iron supplementation did not significantly influence the gut microbiome in this data set. Prevotella copri, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella stercorea were the most abundant species (35%, 11%, and 7%, respectively). Distinct bacterial trophic network clusters were identified, centered around Prevotella stercorea and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which were found to develop steadily as the gut microbiome matured. The Prevotella stercorea trophic network cluster is distinct from those found in individuals in industrialized countries and therefore this dataset, set within a critical developmental timeframe, provides an excellent opportunity to understand the influence of a high fiber, low-protein diet on the development of a Prevotella-enriched gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Gut microbiomes from Gambian infants reveal the development of a non-industrialized Prevotella-based trophic network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus C. de Goffau ◽  
Amadou T. Jallow ◽  
Chilel Sanyang ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
Niamh Meagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Trophic Networks ◽  
Trophic Network

AbstractDistinct bacterial trophic networks exist in the gut microbiota of individuals in industrialized and non-industrialized countries. In particular, non-industrialized gut microbiomes tend to be enriched with Prevotella species. To study the development of these Prevotella-rich compositions, we investigated the gut microbiota of children aged between 7 and 37 months living in rural Gambia (616 children, 1,389 stool samples, stratified by 3-month age groups). These infants, who typically eat a high-fibre, low-protein diet, were part of a double-blind, randomized iron intervention trial (NCT02941081) and here we report the secondary outcome. We found that child age was the largest discriminating factor between samples and that anthropometric indices (collection time points, season, geographic collection site, and iron supplementation) did not significantly influence the gut microbiome. Prevotella copri, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella stercorea were, on average, the most abundant species in these 1,389 samples (35%, 11% and 7%, respectively). Distinct bacterial trophic network clusters were identified, centred around either P.stercorea or F.prausnitzii and were found to develop steadily with age, whereas P.copri, independently of other species, rapidly became dominant after weaning. This dataset, set within a critical gut microbial developmental time frame, provides insights into the development of Prevotella-rich gut microbiomes, which are typically understudied and are underrepresented in western populations.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development and Therapy Response

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Bruno Ramos-Molina ◽  
Ana Otero ◽  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Rafael Ordóñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Fiber

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can alter CRC susceptibility and progression by modulating mechanisms such as inflammation and DNA damage, and by producing metabolites involved in tumor progression or suppression. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been observed in patients with CRC, with a decrease in commensal bacterial species (butyrate-producing bacteria) and an enrichment of detrimental bacterial populations (pro-inflammatory opportunistic pathogens). CRC is characterized by altered production of bacterial metabolites directly involved in cancer metabolism including short-chain fatty acids and polyamines. Emerging evidence suggests that diet has an important impact on the risk of CRC development. The intake of high-fiber diets and the supplementation of diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and probiotics, which are known to regulate gut microbiota, could be not only a potential mechanism for the reduction of CRC risk in a primary prevention setting, but may also be important to enhance the response to cancer therapy when used as adjuvant to conventional treatment for CRC. Therefore, a personalized modulation of the pattern of gut microbiome by diet may be a promising approach to prevent the development and progression of CRC and to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapy.

scholarly journals BMI and age associated variations in the gut microbiome: A pan India, cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Nallasamy ◽  
Sucheta Gokhale ◽  
Anirban Bhaduri ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and two physiological factors, BMI and age. We did not observe a significant relationship between occurrence of gut bacteria with BMI or age alone. On the other hand, we observed BMI and age together played an important role in impacting gut microbiota composition. Comparison of the microbiota of normal and obese subjects for the each of 20s and 50s group revealed 13 gut bacteria that show significantly different relative abundance in the two groups. We observed that certain organisms show opposite trends within the two age groups. Haemophilus parainfluenzae relative abundance was found to be increased in obese-20s group while reduced in obese-50s group. Relative abundance of organisms such as Mitsuokella jalaludini and Blautia obeum were reduced in obese-20s group while increased in obese-50s group as compared to the normal subjects of respective age group. On the other hand, a reduction in the average relative abundance of both M. jalaludini and B. obeum for obese group as compared to the normal in pan-India only BMI-based group comparison. While studying obesity-related gut microbiota changes, it is critical to consider multiple factors such as age and geography into the study design.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial SNPs Induced by High-Fiber Diet Dominate Nutrition Metabolism and Environmental Adaption of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Obese Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Menghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Dietary intervention is effective in human health promotion through modulation of gut microbiota. Diet can cause single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to occur in the gut microbiota, and some of these variations may lead to functional changes in human health. In this study, we performed a systematic SNP analysis based on metagenomic data collected from children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS, n = 17) and simple obese (SO) children (n = 19), who had better healthy conditions after receiving high-fiber diet intervention. We found that the intervention increased the SNP proportions of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium and decreased those of Bacteroides in all children. Besides, the PWS children had Collinsella increased and Ruminococcus decreased, whereas the SO had Blautia and Escherichia decreased. There were much more BiasSNPs in PWS than in SO (4,465 vs 303), and only 81 of them appeared in both groups, of which 78 were from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and 51 were nonsynonymous mutations. These nonsynonymous variations were mainly related to pathways of environmental adaptation and nutrition metabolism, particularly to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, dominant strains carrying BiasSNPs in all children shifted from F. prausnitzii AF32-8AC and F. prausnitzii 942/30-2 to F. prausnitzii SSTS Bg7063 and F. prausnitzii JG BgPS064 after the dietary intervention. Furthermore, although the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly by the intervention and became dominant strains responsible for nutrition metabolism, they had less BiasSNPs between the pre- and post-intervention group in comparison with Faecalibacterium. The finding of F. prausnitzii as important functional strains influenced by the intervention highlights the superiority of applying SNP analysis in studies of gut microbiota. This study provided evidence and support for the effect of dietary intervention on gut microbial SNPs, and gave some enlightenments for disease treatment.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Wastyk ◽  
Gabriela K Fragiadakis ◽  
Dalia Perelman ◽  
Dylan Dahan ◽  
Bryan D Merrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Prospective Study Design ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractDiet modulates the gut microbiome, and gut microbes, in turn, can impact the immune system. Here, we used two gut microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber or fermented foods, to determine how each influences the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study design combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found distinct effects of each diet. High-fiber consumers showed increased gut microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading CAZymes despite stable community diversity. Three distinct immunological trajectories in high fiber-consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Our results indicate that fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in the industrialized society.

Dietary Modification for the Restoration of Gut Microbiome and Management of Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110129
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Annie Thomas ◽  
Madeline Butler-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder leading to chronic debilitating issues. A healthy diet plays an integral role in maintaining the gut microbiota equilibrium, thus promoting digestive health. The structure and function of gut microbiota are affected by genetics and environmental factors, such as altered dietary habits, gastroenteritis, stress, increased use of alcohol and drugs, and medication use. Whereas there are various management approaches cited in the literature to manage symptoms of IBS, the purpose of this article is to focus on dietary options that will restore the gut microbiome and help in managing IBS symptoms. Some of the diets that are discussed in this article include a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, gluten-free/wheat-free diet, high-fiber diet, dietary and herbal supplements (psyllium, peppermint oil), and probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics. The clinical practice guidelines recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology outlines evidence-based dietary recommendations for patients with IBS to manage symptoms. Recent advancements in the dietary management of IBS highlighting the use of a patient-centered, personalized nutrition approach along with lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapies, and psychosocial and behavioral interventions are also reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome in Western and Indigenous Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Das ◽  
Tahila Andrighettti ◽  
João Sabino ◽  
Tamas Korcsmaros ◽  
Mojibur Rohman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

The mammalian gut ecosystem plays critical roles in multiple functions related to health and homeostasis. In many cases, disturbances in the gut ecosystem are associated with a large number of metabolic and chronic diseases and disorders such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity. A diverse community of microorganisms ranging from viruses to bacteria comprise the gut microbiota, which is often considered as an organ in itself. Recent studies have profiled the influence of lifestyles and dietary behavior by comparing the gut microbiome of populations with different cultural underpinnings. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies which report the influence on the gut microbial composition of dietary and lifestyle patterns in different contexts such as western industrialized countries and indigenous cultures (corresponding to different lifestyle gradients such as hunter-gatherers and pastoralists) and how this association may influence health and disease.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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