scholarly journals A Solution-processed Inorganic Emitter with High Spectral Effectiveness for Efficient Daytime Radiative Cooling in Hot Humid Climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongjia Lin ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Cheng Chi ◽  
Ye Seul Kwon ◽  
Chi Yan Tso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Solar Reflectance ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
Space Cooling

Abstract Daytime radiative cooling provides an eco-friendly solution to space cooling with zero energy consumption. Despite significant advances, most state-of-the-art radiative coolers show broadband infrared emission with low spectral effectiveness, which limits their cooling temperatures and climate applicabilities, especially in hot humid regions. Here we report an all-inorganic narrowband cooler comprising a solution-derived SiOxNy layer sandwiched between a reflective substrate and a self-assembly monolayer of SiO2 microspheres. It shows a high and diffusive solar reflectance (96%) and strong infrared-selective emittance (94.6%) with superior spectral effectiveness (1.44). Remarkable subambient cooling of up to 5°C was achieved under high humidity without any solar shading or convection cover at noontime in a subtropical coastal city, Hong Kong. Owing to the all-inorganic hydrophobic structure, the emitter showed outstanding resistance to ultraviolet and water in the long-term durability tests. The scalable solution-based fabrication renders this stable high-performance emitter promising for large-scale deployment in various climates.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic and High-Performance Radiative Cooling Coating with Near-Ideal Selective Emissive Spectrum for Passive Cooling

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxue Chen ◽  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Shuang Tao ◽  
Zhenggang Fang ◽  
Chunhua Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Functional Nanoparticles ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
The Universe

Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology that can cool a space without any external energy by reflecting sunlight and radiating heat to the universe. Current reported radiative cooling techniques can present good outside test results, however, manufacturing an efficient radiative material which can be applied to the market for large-scale application is still a huge challenge. Here, an effective radiative cooling coating with a near-ideal selective emissive spectrum is prepared based on the molecular vibrations of SiOx, mica, rare earth silicate, and molybdate functional nanoparticles. The radiative cooling coating can theoretically cool 45 °C below the ambient temperature in the nighttime. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aluminized film was selected as the coating substrate for its flexibility, low cost, and extensive production. As opposed to the usual investigations that measure the substrate temperature, the radiative cooling coating was made into a cubic box to test its space cooling performance on a rooftop. Results showed that a temperature reduction of 4 ± 0.5 °C was obtained in the nighttime and 1 ± 0.2 °C was achieved in the daytime. Furthermore, the radiative cooling coating is resistant to weathering, fouling, and ultraviolet radiation, and is capable of self-cleaning due to its hydrophobicity. This practical coating may have a significant impact on global energy consumption.

scholarly journals Bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane for precise molecular separation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haozhen Dou ◽  
Mi Xu ◽  
Baoyu Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Guobin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Liquid Structure ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Molecular Separation

Abstract Cellular membranes provide ideal archetypes for molecule or ion separations with sub-angstrom scale precision, which are featured with both extremely high permeability and selectivity due to the well-defined membrane protein channels. However, the development of bioinspired membranes with artificial channels for sub-angstrom scale ethylene/ethane (0.416 nm / 0.443 nm) separation remains an uncharted territory and a significant challenge. Herein, a bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane is constructed by a facile ion/molecule self-assembly strategy for highly efficient ethylene/ethane separation, which mimics the structure of cellular membrane elegantly and possesses plenty of three-dimensional (3D) nanochannels. The elaborate regulation of non-covalent interactions by optimizing the ion/molecule compositions within membrane confers the nano-ordered liquid structure with interpenetrating and bi-continuous apolar domains and polar domains, which results in the formation of regular carrier wires and enormous 3D interconnected ethylene transport nanochannels. By virtue of these 3D nanochannels, the bioinspired nano-ordered liquid membrane manifests simultaneously super-high selectivity, excellent permeance and long-term stability, which exceeds previously reported ethylene/ethane separation membranes. This methodology in this work for construction of bioinspired membrane with tunable 3D nanochannels through ion/molecule self-assembly will enlighten the design and development of high-performance separation membranes for angstrom/sub-angstrom scale ion or molecule separations.

Hepatocyte Aggregate Culture Technique for Bioreactors in Hybrid Liver Support Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Gerlach ◽  
K. Klöppel ◽  
C. MÜller ◽  
N. Schnoy ◽  
M.D. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Liver Support ◽  
Aggregate Culture

Utilizing a modified culture technique for hepatocytes, a high performance suspension culture is possible in which hepatocytes spontaneously form cell aggregates. The aggregates of 20-100 cells have been histologically confirmed to hold a three-dimensional structure, they show a long-term external metabolism and a survival time comparable with standard adhesion cultures. This technique has several advantages in the construction of large scale bioreactors for hybrid liver support systems.

Research of High Performance Artificial Reef for Breeding Abalone in Sea Water

2006 ◽  
Vol 302-303 ◽  
pp. 398-404
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
One Year

According to abalone’s growth characteristics, artificial abalone reefs are invented in this paper. The trace elements are added in concrete. The proportion is fixed by test. Ocean alga adheres to reefs with them very well. The craft, matching optimization, curing terms in the island environment and concrete long-term stability in the ocean current are studied to solve the durability of reefs in the marine environment. It shows the durability of fishing reef by high performance, high function, and ecological concrete technology is reliable. Its strength is still increasing for one year and no damage has been found. It is feasible to use the complex admixture, high-quality fly ash, ultrafine silicon powder, surface-soaking-into water-hating material made by our own, adhering-shaking-compact molding equipment made by ourselves and solar-energy-curing technology. Ten thousands of large-scale artificial abalone reefs have been done. A large amount of marine organisms covered the reefs only after 40 days using.

scholarly journals Large-scale, power-efficient Au/VO2 active metasurfaces for ultrafast optical modulation

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 909-918
Author(s):  
Tongtong Kang ◽  
Zongwei Ma ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Weihao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Optical Modulation ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Ultrafast Optical

AbstractActive metasurfaces, in which the optical property of a metasurface device can be controlled by external stimuli, have attracted great research interest recently. For optical switching and modulation applications, high-performance active metasurfaces need to show high transparency, high power efficiency, as well as ultrafast switching and large-scale fabrication capability. This paper reports Au/VO2-based active metasurfaces meeting the requirements above. Centimeter-scale Au/VO2 metasurfaces are fabricated by polystyrene sphere colloidal crystal self-assembly. The devices show optical modulation on-off ratio up to 12.7 dB and insertion loss down to 3.3 dB at 2200 nm wavelength in the static heating experiment, and ΔT/T of 10% in ultrafast pump-probe experiments. In particular, by judiciously aligning the surface plasmon resonance wavelength to the pump wavelength of the femtosecond laser, the enhanced electric field at 800 nm is capable to switch off the extraordinary optical transmission effect at 2200 nm in 100 fs time scale. Compared to VO2 thin-film samples, the devices also show 50% power reduction for all-optical modulation. Our work provides a practical way to fabricate large-scale and power-efficient active metasurfaces for ultrafast optical modulation.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of a Near Zero Energy Home in Oklahoma

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Efficiency Measures

The authors evaluated a Zero Energy Home (ZEH) built by Ideal Homes in Edmond, Oklahoma, that included an extensive package of energy-efficient technologies and a photovoltaic (PV) array for site electricity generation. The ZEH was part of a Building America (BA) research project in partnership with the Building Science Consortium to exhibit high efficiency technologies while keeping costs within the reach of average home buyers, and was a modified version of a production 1584-ft2, three-bedroom, single-story, slab-on-grade design with attached garage. The home included a tight, well-insulated envelope, an energy recovery ventilator, high-performance windows, tankless gas water heater, efficient lights and appliances, and a ground source heat pump (GSHP). We conducted a series of short-term tests beginning in August 2005, and have collected long-term data under occupied conditions since February 2006. The GSHP performance was disappointing until the outdoor unit was replaced, after which time the efficiency began to meet expectations. However, the electricity use of the replacement unit was higher than expected because of an unusually low cooling setpoint. Based on the measured test results, the predicted whole-house energy savings compared to the BA Benchmark was 96%, with savings of 55% for efficiency measures alone.

Hierarchical-morphology metafabric for scalable passive daytime radiative cooling

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabi5484
Author(s):  
Shaoning Zeng ◽  
Sijie Pian ◽  
Minyu Su ◽  
Zhuning Wang ◽  
Maoqi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hierarchical Morphology ◽  
Cooling Ability

Incorporating passive radiative cooling structures into personal thermal management technologies could effectively defend human against the intensifying global climate change. We show that large scale woven metafabrics can provide high emissivity (94.5%) in the atmospheric window and reflectivity (92.4%) in the solar spectrum because the hierarchical-morphology design of the randomly dispersed scatterers throughout the metafabric. Through scalable industrial textile manufacturing routes, our metafabrics exhibit excellent mechanical strength, waterproofness, and breathability for commercial clothing while maintaining efficient radiative cooling ability. Practical application tests demonstrated the human body covered by our metafabric could be cooled down ~4.8°C lower than that covered by commercial cotton fabric. The cost-effectiveness and high-performance of our metafabrics present great advantages for intelligent garments, smart textiles, and passive radiative cooling applications.

Ultra-stable two-dimensional MoS2 solution for highly efficient organic solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (62) ◽  
pp. 32744-32748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Liu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Mingsheng Xu ◽  
Hongzheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Cell Fabrication ◽  
Cell Fabrication ◽  
Assembly Procedure

A simple self-assembly procedure was developed for preparing a solution of 2D exfoliated MoS2 sheets with very long-term stability suitable for high-performance solar cell fabrication.

scholarly journals Polar Lipids in Starch-Rich Commodities to be Analyzed with LC-MS-Based Metabolomics—Optimization of Ionization Parameters and High-Throughput Extraction Protocols

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Claassen ◽  
Jürgen Kuballa ◽  
Sascha Rohn
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Folch Method ◽  
Ion Mobility Spectroscopy ◽  
Targeted Approach

Metabolomics-based approaches are still receiving growing attention with regard to food authenticity testing. Such studies require enormous sample numbers with negligible experimental or analytical variations to obtain statistically reliable results. In this context, an extraction protocol in line with optimized ionization parameters was developed in consideration of potential starch-derived matrix effects focusing on the polar lipids of potatoes. Therefore, well-known extractions (Bligh and Dyer, Folch, Matyash, and a n-hexane-based procedure) were compared in a non-targeted and a targeted approach regarding the extractability of their lipids such as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, galacto- and glucocerebrosides, di- and triglycerides, and acylated steryl glucosides. The selected Folch method was also scrutinized in view of its ability to remove the matrix’s starch and consequently improved by substituting trichlormethane with ethyl acetate as a “greener” Folch approach. Moreover, the challenge of starch-derived contamination and imminent ion suppression in the electrospray ionization source (ESI) was addressed by an optimization of ionization parameters varying desolvation settings, removing injection peaks, and increasing the angles and distances of the ESI-device. Long-term stability tests over five days were performed successfully with a combination of appropriate extraction and decreased desolvation settings during ionization. In conclusion, the present methodology provided the basis for on-going large-scale metabolomic studies with respect to the botanical origin of potatoes using UPLC-IMS-QToF (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ion mobility spectroscopy quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document