Electrochemical feedback on strain dynamics in noble metal nanocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Chattot ◽  
Isaac Martens ◽  
Marta Mirolo ◽  
Michal Ronovsky ◽  
Florian Russello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Reactivity Descriptors ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Synchrotron Facility ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Abstract The theoretical design of effective metal electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices relies on the structure sensitivity of electrochemical processes to their catalyst materials, assuming the structural integrity during operation. However, theoretical predictions do not necessarily match practical performance. Here, by using high-energy X-ray diffraction from the new Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Radiation Synchrotron Facility (ESRF-EBS) on device-relevant Pd and Pt nanocatalysts during cyclic voltammetry experiments in liquid electrolyte, we quantitatively reveal how different electrochemical processes permanently affect the bulk microstructure of nanocatalysts in a distinctive fashion. The reported structural insights provide experimental access to reactivity descriptors such as adsorption and absorption trends operando. The ease and power of such an experimental approach at new and future beamlines is foreseen to guide computational model description of practical nanomaterials in electrochemical environment while providing a discovery platform toward the study of nanocatalysts encompassing a large variety of applications.

scholarly journals Study of Several Types of Lithium-polymer Batteries With 3s Battery Management System

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
F H Karlina ◽  
Sunarno ◽  
M M Waruwu ◽  
R Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Lithium Polymer Batteries ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Po ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Terminal Voltage

Abstract Lithium batteries have been identified as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices because of their high energy density, safety, and long cycling life. Lithium-polymer batteries have been widely used in various applications ranging from electric vehicles to mobile devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of lithium-polymer and VRLA batteries in the review of the balance of battery life timeout comparison for a predetermined load. Each battery has a different actual balance and theoretical comparison value. The best balance value is close to 1. The best balance comparison after the experiment was a LiPo battery type with a balance value of 0.77 R158F076A7 BMS 3s, then VRLA with a balance of 0.67, and the smallest balance is a LiPo GSE 18650 battery with a balance of 0.25. For both types of batteries with the same input parameters provided, the terminal voltage, current, and characteristics output of Lithium-polymer Li-Po GSE 18650. Batteries were found to be better than a lead-acid with a timeout of use that is 51.64 minutes.

Micro-Tomography to Characterize Size Distribution of Fragments Created by Laser Shock-Induced Micro-Spallation of Metallic Sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Loison ◽  
T. de Resseguier ◽  
A. Dragon
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Synchrotron Facility ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Ballistic Properties ◽  
Molten Droplets ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Metallic Sample

Dynamic fragmentation in the liquid state after shock-induced melting, usually referred to as micro-spallation, is an issue of great interest for both basic and applied science. Recent efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the resulting ejecta, which consist in a cloud of fine molten droplets. We present laser shock experiments on tin and aluminium, to pressure ranging from about 50 to 300 GPa, with complementary diagnostics including a Photonic Doppler Velocimeter (PDV) set at a small tilt angle from the normal to the free surface, which enables probing the whole cloud of ejecta1, and a soft recovery device consisting of a low density gel to collect debris. Optical microscopy of these gel collectors reveals the presence of droplets which confirm shock-induced melting prior to fragmentation. To quantify size distribution of the collected debris, 3D micro-tomography has been performed, using the consistent and high-energy X-ray irradiation available at the ESRF synchrotron facility in France (similar to Japan SPRING-8), where sub-micrometer spatial resolution could be achieved. In this paper, the resulting size distributions are presented and compared with theoretical predictions based on a one-dimensional description accounting for laser shock loading, wave propagation, phase transformations, and fragmentation. Discrepancies between measured and calculated size distributions are discussed. Finally, combining size and velocity data provides access to the ballistic properties of debris and their kinetic energy, which are key issues for anticipating the damage produced by their impacts on nearly equipments.

scholarly journals A high-performance potassium metal battery using safe ionic liquid electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 27847-27853
Author(s):  
Hao Sun ◽  
Peng Liang ◽  
Guanzhou Zhu ◽  
Wei Hsuan Hung ◽  
Yuan-Yao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Potassium secondary batteries are contenders of next-generation energy storage devices owing to the much higher abundance of potassium than lithium. However, safety issues and poor cycle life of K metal battery have been key bottlenecks. Here we report an ionic liquid electrolyte comprising 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/AlCl3/KCl/potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide for safe and high-performance batteries. The electrolyte is nonflammable and exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 13.1 mS cm−1at room temperature. A 3.6-V battery with K anode and Prussian blue/reduced graphene oxide cathode delivers a high energy and power density of 381 and 1,350 W kg−1, respectively. The battery shows an excellent cycling stability over 820 cycles, retaining ∼89% of the original capacity with high Coulombic efficiencies of ∼99.9%. High cyclability is also achieved at elevated temperatures up to 60 °C. Uniquely, robust K, Al, F, and Cl-containing passivating interphases are afforded with this electrolyte, which is key to superior battery cycling performances.

Enhanced Ion Transport in an Ether Aided Super Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Long-Life Practical Lithium Metal Battery Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbi Pal ◽  
Fangfang Chen ◽  
Derick Gyabang ◽  
Thushan Pathirana ◽  
Binayak Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Metal Battery

We explore a novel ether aided superconcentrated ionic liquid electrolyte; a combination of ionic liquid, <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C<sub>3</sub>mpyrFSI) and ether solvent, <i>1,2</i> dimethoxy ethane (DME) with 3.2 mol/kg LiFSI salt, which offers an alternative ion-transport mechanism and improves the overall fluidity of the electrolyte. The molecular dynamics (MD) study reveals that the coordination environment of lithium in the ether aided ionic liquid system offers a coexistence of both the ether DME and FSI anion simultaneously and the absence of ‘free’, uncoordinated DME solvent. These structures lead to very fast kinetics and improved current density for lithium deposition-dissolution processes. Hence the electrolyte is used in a lithium metal battery against a high mass loading (~12 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) LFP cathode which was cycled at a relatively high current rate of 1mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for 350 cycles without capacity fading and offered an overall coulombic efficiency of >99.8 %. Additionally, the rate performance demonstrated that this electrolyte is capable of passing current density as high as 7mA/cm<sup>2</sup> without any electrolytic decomposition and offers a superior capacity retention. We have also demonstrated an ‘anode free’ LFP-Cu cell which was cycled over 50 cycles and achieved an average coulombic efficiency of 98.74%. The coordination chemistry and (electro)chemical understanding as well as the excellent cycling stability collectively leads toward a breakthrough in realizing the practical applicability of this ether aided ionic liquid electrolytes in lithium metal battery applications, while delivering high energy density in a prototype cell.

Enabling highly reversible sodium metal cycling across a wide temperature range with dual-salt electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila C. Thenuwara ◽  
Pralav P. Shetty ◽  
Neha Kondekar ◽  
Chuanlong Wang ◽  
Weiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Metal Cycling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Wide Range

A new dual-salt liquid electrolyte is developed that enables the reversible operation of high-energy sodium-metal-based batteries over a wide range of temperatures down to −50 °C.

High energy density supercapacitor based on N/B co-doped graphene nanoarchitectures and ionic liquid electrolyte

Ionics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 4351-4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Yu ◽  
Jiahe Zhang ◽  
Chunxian Xing ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Co Doped

scholarly journals Monocarborane cluster as a stable fluorine-free calcium battery electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kisu ◽  
Sangryun Kim ◽  
Takara Shinohara ◽  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Andreas Züttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Electrolyte

AbstractHigh-energy-density and low-cost calcium (Ca) batteries have been proposed as ‘beyond-Li-ion’ electrochemical energy storage devices. However, they have seen limited progress due to challenges associated with developing electrolytes showing reductive/oxidative stabilities and high ionic conductivities. This paper describes a calcium monocarborane cluster salt in a mixed solvent as a Ca-battery electrolyte with high anodic stability (up to 4 V vs. Ca2+/Ca), high ionic conductivity (4 mS cm−1), and high Coulombic efficiency for Ca plating/stripping at room temperature. The developed electrolyte is a promising candidate for use in room-temperature rechargeable Ca batteries.

scholarly journals Nanostructured multifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion systems: Recent perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
Sheikh Tareq Rahman ◽  
Kyong Yop Rhee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Systematic Scheme ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Future Technologies

Abstract Electrocatalysts play a significant performance in renewable energy conversion, supporting several sustainable methods for future technologies. Because of the successful fabrication of distinctive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, bifunctional ORR/OER and HER/OER electrocatalysts have become a hot area of contemporary research. ORR, OER, and HER have gained considerable attention because of their strong performance in different energy conversion and storage devices, including water-splitting devices, fuel cells, and metal–air rechargeable batteries. Therefore, the development of effective nanostructured multifunctional electrocatalysts for ORR, OER, and HER is necessary; and there is a demand for their industrialization for sustainable energy technology. In this review, details of current improvements in multifunctional catalysts for ORR/OER as well as HER/OER are presented, focusing on insight into the theoretical considerations of these reactions through investigation and estimation of different multifunctional catalysts. By analyzing the universal principles for various electrochemical reactions, we report a systematic scheme to clarify the recent trends in catalyzing these reactions over various types of nanostructure catalysts. The relevant reaction pathways and the related activity details for these reactions in the current literature are also included. Overall, the current demands and future outlines for improving the prospects of multifunctional electrocatalysts are discussed.

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