scholarly journals Visual Outcome, Microbiological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Infectious Keratitis in a Tertiary Referral Center

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Moore Stanfield ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Blake Matherne ◽  
Osasu Adah ◽  
Daniel McClung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Corneal Transplant ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Infection Source

Abstract Purpose:Treatment of infectious keratitis is chosen by identification of infection source with associated antibiotic susceptibilities. Because culturing corneas may take days to weeks to result, the mainstay of treatment is empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials that are started before culture results return. We aim to record the microbiological profiles with associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns isolated from corneal cultures in patients with infectious keratitis, as well as visual outcomes over a 5-year period.Methods:A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who presented to UMMC from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2018 with keratitis or corneal ulcer were included in this study based off diagnosis codes.Results:Of 563 corneal infections analyzed, 202 (35.9%) had positive cultures. The most frequently isolated organism was Coagulative negative Staphylococcus/Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 37.2% contact lens wearers. We found that 93.3% of gram-positive cultured bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin with no resistance, and 81.8% of gram-negative bacteria were highly susceptible to tobramycin with no resistance. Regardless of treatment, 19.8% of patients needed some type of additional procedure, with the most common procedures being corneal transplant & evisceration. Conclusion:CNS, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common microbes causing infectious keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the most commonly identified organism in contact lens wears. The empirical treatment of vancomycin and tobramycin used at our institution remains an excellent treatment for these microbes.

scholarly journals Clinical Review of Microbial Corneal Ulcers Resulting in Enucleation and Evisceration in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gábor Tóth ◽  
Milán Tamás Pluzsik ◽  
Gábor László Sándor ◽  
Orsolya Németh ◽  
Olga Lukáts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center

Purpose. To analyse the clinical and microbiological characteristics and preexisting ophthalmic and systemic conditions of infectious keratitis resulting in enucleation/evisceration in a large tertiary referral center in a developed country (Hungary) over a period of 12 years. Patients and Methods. A retrospective review of enucleated/eviscerated eyes undergoing surgery between 2007 and 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, with infectious keratitis as the primary indication for enucleation or evisceration. For each subject, clinical history, B-scan ultrasound report, and microbiological analyses were reviewed. Results. There were 48 enucleated/eviscerated eyes from 47 patients (29 females (61.7%), age at the time of surgery 66.4 ± 18.5 years). Indication for surgery was hopeless, unmanageable keratitis (62.5%), and keratitis with endophthalmitis (37.5%). The most common preexisting ophthalmic conditions were previous cataract surgery (60.4%), previous therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) (56.3%), corneal perforation (52.1%), glaucoma (41.7%), and long-term topical steroid usage (31.3%). In order to treat keratitis, before enucleation or evisceration, 20 eyes (41.7%) underwent PKP, 12 eyes (25.0%) amniotic membrane transplantation, 8 eyes (16.7%) conjunctival autograft transplantation, 6 eyes (12.5%) tarsorrhaphy, and 4 eyes (8.3%) vitrectomy to salvage the eye prior to the final treatment of enucleation or evisceration. The most frequent preexisting systemic diseases were hypertension (62.5%), cardiac disease (20.8%), diabetes mellitus (20.8%), and rheumatoid arthritis (14.6%). Staphylococcus aureus (17.0%) and Propionibacterium acnes (12.8%) were the most commonly isolated gram-positive bacteria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated gram-negative pathogen bacterium (10.6%). Six globes (12.5%) had positive fungal cultures (1 case of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Trichosporon inkin, Acremonium sp., Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp.). Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis with or without endophthalmitis represent the most common indication for ocular enucleation/evisceration in patients with microbial keratitis in a tertiary referral center in Hungary. The incidence of enucleation and evisceration related to mycotic keratitis does not seem to have increased within the last decade. Most frequent preexisting systemic diseases in cases of enucleation and evisceration are hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals Emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media in Chhattisgarh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
B. R. Singh ◽  
Sagarika Pradhan ◽  
R. Murthy ◽  
Ekta Agrawal ◽  
Rekha Barapatre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Life Threatening

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common chronic ear disease and a major health problem in developing countries causing deafness and life threatening complications like meningitis and brain abscess. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative organism and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential for immediate clinical recovery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 152 clinically diagnosed patients with CSOM safe were enrolled in the study and two swab of the discharge ear were obtained from each patient under aseptic precaution. Microbiological study was done according to standard operative guidelines.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 152 patients 93 male and 59 were female, majority of the patient seen below 30 year of age. Most common organism found was <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(43.2%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(27.9%). <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was sensitive to vancomycin (98%) and linezolide (100%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was found highly sensitive to Imipenem cilastin (84.85%) and Imipenem (66.7%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study gram positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (43.2%) and gram negative bacilli <em>P. aeuroginosa</em> (27.9%) was the most common organism was found and this <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were hospital acquired infections. We found out high resistant to Cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and aztreonam.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Contact Lens Solutions to Inhibit the Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Laxmi Narayana ◽  
Pooja Rao ◽  
Sevitha Bhat ◽  
K. Vidyalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Contact Lens Solution

Soft contact lenses provide perfect conditions for the breeding of pathogens. The study is a prospective, experimental study, conducted to know the antimicrobial ability of multipurpose contact lens solution against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the stand-alone test. The test method is based on the procedures in the ISO 14729 standard primary stand-alone test. Three multipurpose contact lens care solutions commercially available in Mangalore markets, namely, Biotrue (Bausch & Lomb), Opti-Free Replenish (Alcon), and Aquasoft (Stericon Pharma), were tested for its antimicrobial effect in the microbiology lab at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. According to this study, the solutions named “Biotrue” and “Aquasoft” met the primary stand-alone and reached the 3log reduction and 5log reduction criteria in the manufacturer recommended time, respectively. No conclusion could be drawn for Opti-Free Replenish since the minimum recommended disinfection time was overnight, whereas it was noted for 6 hr only, and it should have been experimented further. The effectiveness of multipurpose solutions varies against different bacterial species. We have observed that the antimicrobial activity of different solutions varies with respect to time of incubation, and also there was a marked difference in the activity of some solutions against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. So, it is necessary for the contact lens users to store their lenses in solutions for longer duration of hours. It is also recommended to use solutions that clear the ISO 14729 standards for better health conditions of the eye.

scholarly journals Bacterial adhesion to Conventional and Silicone hydrogel contact lenses

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Eghosasere Iyamu ◽  
Frederick Osaro Ekhaise
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Silicone Hydrogel ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Lens Wear

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesion of bacteria to worn silicone hydrogel and conventional soft contact lenses.Methods: Bacterial adhesion experiments / assays were performed on 24 worn and 6 unworn soft contact lenses each of different materials (high- and low- gas permeable lenses) using the strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.Results: P. aeruginosa adhered in increased number to worn than unworn Lotrafilcon A and conventional lenses. However, a higher number of P. aeruginosa adhered to unworn than worn Lotrafilcon B, the difference in the mean adhesion was not significant (p = 0.66). S. aureus adhered in significantly decreased number to worn Lotrafilcon A, nelfilcon A, nesofilcon A, etafilcon A and omafilcon A (p<0.05); butsignificantly higher number adhered to worn than unworn polymacon (p<0.05). Lens wear had no effect on the adhesion of S. aureus to Lotrafilcon B (p>0.05). The least adhesion of P. aeruginosa to worn contact lenses was seen with polymacon, while S. aureus adhered in least number to worn Lotrafilcon A compared to the other contact lens materials that demonstrated the same trend in adhesion.Conclusion: The higher adhesion of P. aeruginosa to worn lenses is consistent with the claim that it is the most implicated in all culture-positive contact lens related bacterial keratitis. Lens wear has different effects on bacterial adhesion, which may be due to type of lens materials and bacterial species/genera studied. Keywords: Silicone hydrogel lenses, conventional lenses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial adhesion.

scholarly journals A clinical study of commonly isolated organism and its antibiotic sensitivity in diabetic foot ulcers in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Anand Shanmugaiah ◽  
Saravanan Pandian ◽  
Sudha Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major surgical problem leading to hospital admission. Diabetic foot ulcer patients with uncontrolled diabetes may end up in forefoot amputation. Early aggressive debridement, control of blood sugar and empirical antibiotic therapy would reduce the morbidities in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Further the knowledge of commonly isolated microbes and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern would be helpful to start empirical therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological profile of diabetic foot infections (DFIs) and assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative agents.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 115 patients admitted with diabetic foot ulcer over a period of 9 months from October 2015 to June 2016 at the department of general surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry. Tissue scrapping samples were collected and processed as per standard guidelines.Results: 167 organisms were isolated from 115 patients. 52% of culture showed polymicrobial growth. There was increased prevalence of gram-negative organisms 53% compared to gram positive organisms 47%. When comes to individual isolate, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated 24.6% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21%. All gram-positive aerobes were sensitive to vancomycin and gram-negative isolates were sensitive to amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactum, gentamycin and cefotaxime.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas were the common pathogens isolated. This study recommends use of vancomycin along with piperacillin-tazobactum as an empirical therapy along with adequate blood sugar control and early debridement of devitalized tissues in patients with diabetic foot infections.

scholarly journals POLA KUMAN PENYEBAB OTITIS EKSTERNA DAN UJI KEPEKAAN ANTIBIOTIK DI POLIKLINIK THT-KL BLU RSUP PROF. Dr. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE NOVEMBER – DESEMBER 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Lie Sedjati ◽  
Oraetlabora Immanuel Palandeng ◽  
Olivia Claudia Pingkan Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pattern Sensitivity

Abstract: Otitis externa is an inflammation of the ear canal that occur in acute or chronic stage caused by an infection of bacteria, viruses or fungi. The extent of the use of antimicrobials in community can lead to resistant. This study aimed to know the bacteria pattern of otitis externa and the antibiotic sensitivity test at Otorhinolaryngology Departement Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado period of November - December 2013. This is a descriptive prospective study. A total of 22 otitis externa patients, the largest age group was adults 15-49 years old with 13 persons (59,1%). Most identified gender was female by 15 people (68.2%). All the patients diagnosed with a history of trauma. The most complained symptoms were pruritus 19 people (86,3%). There were 8 types of bacteria that has been identified and the most identified were 4 samples (18,2%) as Staphylococcus aureus and 4 samples (18,2%) as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In susceptibility test, the most sensitive antibiotic were Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin by 20 samples (100%). The most resistant was Clindamycin 20 sampel (100%). Conclusions : The most identified bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 4 samples (18.2%). The most sensitive antibiotic were Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin 20 samples (100%). Keywords: otitis externa, bacterial pattern, sensitivity test.   Abstrak: Otitis eksterna merupakan peradangan pada liang telinga yang terjadi secara akut maupun kronis yang disebabkan infeksi oleh bakteri, virus maupun jamur. Luasnya penggunaan antimikroba di kalangan masyarakat dapat berujung pada keadaan resisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kuman penyebab otitis eksterna dan uji kepekaan antibiotik di poliklinik THT-KL BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode November-Desember 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif prospektif. Dari 22 orang pasien otitis eksterna, diperoleh kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur dewasa 15-49 tahun sebanyak 13 orang (59,1%). Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan berjumlah 15 orang (68,2%). Semua pasien yang terdiagnosis memiliki riwayat trauma. Gejala yang terbanyak dikeluhkan pasien otitis eksterna adalah pruritus berjumlah 19 orang (86,3%). Terdapat 8 jenis bakteri yang teridentifikasi dan terbanyak adalah Staphylococcus aureus 4 sampel (18,2%) dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 sampel (18,2%). Pada uji kepekaan, antibiotik dengan sensitivitas tertinggi adalah Levofloxacin dan Ciprofloxacin 20 sampel (100%). Angka resistensi tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Clindamycin 20 sampel (100%). Kesimpulan : Bakteri terbanyak adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa masing -masing 4 sampel (18,2%). Angka kepekaan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Levofloxacin dan Ciprofloxacin 20 sampel (100%). Kata Kunci: otitis eksterna, pola kuman, uji kepekaan.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of the Common Uropathogenic Bacteria among Yemeni Patients in Sana’a City: A Recent Report

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafez Alsumairy ◽  
Tawfique K. AlZubiery ◽  
Talal Alharazi ◽  
Mufeed Baddah ◽  
Adel Al-Zubeiry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Uropathogenic Bacteria

Aims: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of the commonly isolated uropathogens in Sana’a city, Yemen. Study Design:  A cross-sectional and descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the hospitals and clinics of Sana'a city, Yemen between October 2016 and March 2017. Methodology: Clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected to detect the most common uropathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby Bauer standardized method. Results: Urine cultures yielded 170 significant bacterial growths of uropathogens. Escherichia coli was the most often isolated pathogen (43.5%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%). The overall sensitivity was high to an excellent pattern for Carbapenems, Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Escherichia coli shows an excellent sensitivity (88%) for Nitrofurantoin and Imipenem, followed by (85%) Ertapenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited moderate resistance to Carbapenems, Moxifloxacin, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam in this study. Staphylococcus aureus was more vulnerable to all Quinolones except Nalidixic acid and it displays a high sensitivity pattern, 90% for both Nitrofurantoin and Gentamicin, 83% for Penicillin, 80% for both Minocycline. Antibiogram of isolated organisms revealed that there was resistance to two and more antimicrobials. Conclusion: In this study, we observe a high resistance rates to Beta-lactam, Quinolones, and Macrolides antibiotics. Nevertheless, most uropathogenic isolates were still sensitive to Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem, Ertapenem, and Amikacin, they considered as a proper antibiotics for empirical therapy of UTIs. Establishment of antibiogram of locally isolated organisms is necessary to avoid indiscriminating use of antibiotic and to decrease the resistance rate in our community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document