Three-dimensional Semi-Automated Volumetric Assessment of the Pulp Space of Teeth with Regenerative Dental Procedures

Abstract Volumetric change of the pulp space over time is a critical measure to determine the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures (REP). There is a paucity in the literature on the accuracy of domain specialized medical imaging tools for three dimensional (3D) volumetric assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare two different medical image computing platforms (OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer) to estimate the volume of pulp space post REP. Pre and post CBCT Scans of 35 immature permanent teeth (n = 35) with necrotic pulp and periradicular pathosis treated with a cell-homing concept-based REP were processed using two biomedical DICOM software programs: OsiriX MD (commercially available, FDA approved) 2) and 3D Slicer (open source). Volumetric changes in the pulp space were assessed using semi-automated techniques in both the programmes. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test and paired t-test (P = 0.05). The pulp space volume measured with both the programmes showed a statistically significant decrease in pulp space volume post REP (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between the two programmes (P > 0.05). The mean decrease in pulp space volume with OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer were 25.06% ± 19.45% and 26.10.% ± 18.90% respectively. The open-source software (3D Slicer) was as accurate as the commercially available software for the volumetric assessment of the pulp space post REP. This study demonstrates the step-by-step application of 3D Slicer, a user-friendly, easily accessible, open-source multiplatform software for the segmentation and volume estimation of the pulp-space of teeth treated with REP.

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Three-dimensional semi-automated volumetric assessment of the pulp space of teeth following regenerative dental procedures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01489-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heeresh Shetty ◽

Shishir Shetty ◽

Adesh Kakade ◽

Aditya Shetty ◽

Mohmed Isaqali Karobari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Imaging ◽

Open Source ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

3D Slicer ◽

Link Type ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Critical Measure ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractThe volumetric change that occurs in the pulp space over time represents a critical measure when it comes to determining the secondary outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). However, to date, only a few studies have investigated the accuracy of the available domain-specialized medical imaging tools with regard to three-dimensional (3D) volumetric assessment. This study sought to compare the accuracy of two different artificial intelligence-based medical imaging programs namely OsiriX MD (v 9.0, Pixmeo SARL, Bernex Switzerland, https://www.osirix-viewer.com) and 3D Slicer (http://www.slicer.org), in terms of estimating the volume of the pulp space following a REP. An Invitro assessment was performed to check the reliability and sensitivity of the two medical imaging programs in use. For the subsequent clinical application, pre- and post-procedure cone beam computed tomography scans of 35 immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and periradicular pathosis that had been treated with a cell-homing concept-based REP were processed using the two biomedical DICOM software programs (OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer). The volumetric changes in the teeth’s pulp spaces were assessed using semi-automated techniques in both programs. The data were statistically analyzed using t-tests and paired t-tests (P = 0.05). The pulp space volumes measured using both programs revealed a statistically significant decrease in the pulp space volume following the REP (P < 0.05), with no significant difference being found between the two programs (P > 0.05). The mean decreases in the pulp space volumes measured using OsiriX MD and 3D Slicer were 25.06% ± 19.45% and 26.10% ± 18.90%, respectively. The open-source software (3D Slicer) was found to be as accurate as the commercially available software with regard to the volumetric assessment of the post-REP pulp space. This study was the first to demonstrate the step-by-step application of 3D Slicer, a user-friendly and easily accessible open-source multiplatform software program for the segmentation and volume estimation of the pulp spaces of teeth treated with REPs.

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Open Source Applications for Image Visualization and Processing in Neuroimaging Training

Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8789-9.ch064 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1319-1332

Author(s):

Juan A. Juanes ◽

Pablo Ruisoto ◽

Alberto Prats-Galino ◽

Andrés Framiñán

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Medical Imaging ◽

Open Source ◽

Medical Images ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mr Images ◽

Image Visualization ◽

3D Slicer ◽

Volumetric Reconstruction ◽

Key Features

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the major role and potential of three of the most powerful open source computerized tools for the advanced processing of medical images, in the study of neuroanatomy. DICOM images were acquired with radiodiagnostic equipment using 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Images were further processed using the following applications: first, OsiriXTM version 4.0 32 bits for OS; Second, 3D Slicer version 4.3; and finally, MRIcron, version 6. Advanced neuroimaging processing requires two key features: segmentation and three-dimensional or volumetric reconstruction. Examples of identification and reconstruction of some of the most complex neuroimaging elements such vascular ones and tractographies are included in this paper. The three selected applications represent some of the most versatile technologies within the field of medical imaging.

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Measuring Differential Volume Using the Subtraction Tool for Three-Dimensional Breast Volumetry: A Proof of Concept Study

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350620945563 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 155335062094556

Author(s):

Faith Hyun Kyung Jeon ◽

Michelle Griffin ◽

Aurora Almadori ◽

Jajini Varghese ◽

Stephanie Bogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Computer Software ◽

Patient Positioning ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Actual Volume ◽

Novel Method ◽

The Subject

Background. Three-dimensional (3D) photography provides a promising means of breast volumetry. Sources of error using a single-captured surface to calculate breast volume include inaccurate designation of breast boundaries and prediction of the invisible chest wall generated by computer software. An alternative approach is to measure differential volume using subtraction of 2 captured surfaces. Objectives. To explore 3D breast volumetry using the subtraction of superimposed images to calculate differential volume. To assess optimal patient positioning for accurate volumetric assessment. Methods. Known volumes of breast enhancers simulated volumetric changes to the breast (n = 12). 3D photographs were taken (3dMDtorso) with the subject positioned upright at 90° and posteriorly inclined at 30°. Patient position, breathing, distance and camera calibration were standardised. Volumetric analysis was performed using 3dMDvultus software. Results. A statistically significant difference was found between actual volume and measured volumes with subjects positioned at 90° ( P < .05). No statistical difference was found at 30° ( P = .078), but subsequent Bland–Altman analysis showed evidence of proportional bias ( P < .05). There was good correlation between measured and actual volumes in both positions (r = .77 and r = .85, respectively). Univariate analyses showed breast enhancer volumes of 195 mL and 295 mL to incur bias. The coefficient of variation was 5.76% for single observer analysis. Conclusion. Positioning the subject at a 30° posterior incline provides more accurate results from better exposure of the inferior breast. The subtraction tool is a novel method of measuring differential volume. Future studies should explore methodology for application into the clinical setting.

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Análise da marcha de crianças com paralisia cerebral com e sem uso de órteses de tornozelo e pé

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2018.2.29390 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 29390

Author(s):

Daiane Bridi ◽

Ingrid Corso Cavião ◽

Vinícius Mazzochi Schmitt ◽

Raquel Saccani ◽

Leandro Viçosa Bonetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

T Test ◽

Gait Velocity ◽

Foot Orthoses ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

The Mean ◽

Ankle And Foot

AIMS: To analyze the linear parameters of the gait of children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, users of articulated ankle and foot orthoses.METHODS: A three-dimensional analysis of the gait of eight children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5 to 10 years, classified in levels I and II of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, was made with and without the use of ankle and foot orthoses. A kinematic system with seven integrated cameras captured the three-dimensional trajectory of markers in the participants' body during gait, with data being collected at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. For the comparisons, the paired t-test and the t-test for a sample were used.RESULTS: Considering the gait’s spatiotemporal variables of these children with cerebral palsy compared to normal values, only velocity (with the orthosis and without the orthoses) presented a statistically significant difference. The mean normal gait velocity is 1.25 m/s, while in the non-orthoses participants the mean velocity was 0.98±0.10 m/s (p=0.0001) and with the use of orthoses the mean velocity was 0.96±0.21 m/s (p=0.0001). In the comparison between children using or not the ankle and foot orthoses, velocity, cadence and pitch length were respectively 0.98±0.10 m/s, 131±16.15 steps/min and 0.44±0.08 m in the children without the orthoses; and 0.96±0.21 m/s, 128.37±22.9 steps/min and 0.48±0.05 m in the children with the orthoses. The differences were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Comparison between the same group with and without the use of ankle and foot orthoses suggests that their use in children with cerebral palsy may promote an increase in step length and a decrease in velocity and cadence in relation to condition without orthosis, favouring a better distribution of weight in the paretic member and providing a better symmetry in gait. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, it is expected that the results obtained in this study can serve as a pilot for future research, with larger samples.

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SlicerDMRI: Diffusion MRI and Tractography Research Software for Brain Cancer Surgery Planning and Visualization

JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics ◽

10.1200/cci.19.00141 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 299-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Thomas Noh ◽

Parikshit Juvekar ◽

Sarah F. Frisken ◽

Laura Rigolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Intraoperative Imaging ◽

Time Integration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Grade Glioma ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Imaging Data ◽

3D Slicer ◽

Research Software

PURPOSE We present SlicerDMRI, an open-source software suite that enables research using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), the only modality that can map the white matter connections of the living human brain. SlicerDMRI enables analysis and visualization of dMRI data and is aimed at the needs of clinical research users. SlicerDMRI is built upon and deeply integrated with 3D Slicer, a National Institutes of Health–supported open-source platform for medical image informatics, image processing, and three-dimensional visualization. Integration with 3D Slicer provides many features of interest to cancer researchers, such as real-time integration with neuronavigation equipment, intraoperative imaging modalities, and multimodal data fusion. One key application of SlicerDMRI is in neurosurgery research, where brain mapping using dMRI can provide patient-specific maps of critical brain connections as well as insight into the tissue microstructure that surrounds brain tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this article, we focus on a demonstration of SlicerDMRI as an informatics tool to enable end-to-end dMRI analyses in two retrospective imaging data sets from patients with high-grade glioma. Analyses demonstrated here include conventional diffusion tensor analysis, advanced multifiber tractography, automated identification of critical fiber tracts, and integration of multimodal imagery with dMRI. RESULTS We illustrate the ability of SlicerDMRI to perform both conventional and advanced dMRI analyses as well as to enable multimodal image analysis and visualization. We provide an overview of the clinical rationale for each analysis along with pointers to the SlicerDMRI tools used in each. CONCLUSION SlicerDMRI provides open-source and clinician-accessible research software tools for dMRI analysis. SlicerDMRI is available for easy automated installation through the 3D Slicer Extension Manager.

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3D CBCT Evaluation of Condyle Position in Skeletal Class I & Class III Growing Subjects

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Rajiv Kumar Mishra ◽

Om Prakash Kharbanda ◽

Rajiv Balachandran

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

T Test ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Condyle Position ◽

Condylar Position ◽

And Function ◽

Cbct Analysis

Introduction: Evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) anatomy and function is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It has been hypothesized that dental and skeletal malocclusions alter the functional loading of TMJ which can affect joint morphology.Objective: Three dimensional (3D) evaluation of condylar position using CBCT in skeletal Class I and Class III growing subjects.Materials & Method: CBCT images of ten growing skeletal Class I & ten Class III patients in the age range of 7-14 years were analyzed. 3D condylar position were evaluated representing antero-posterior, vertical, laterolateral position of condyle, axial condylar angle and coronal condylar angles which were measured in axial, coronal and sagittal sections using Dolphin Imaging software. Antero-posterior and vertical difference of right and left condyle were measured in axial and coronal sections respectively.Result: Paired t-Test revealed no significant difference between right and left sides of condyle in skeletal Class I as well as Class III subjects. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between position of condyle in ClassI and Class III subjects.Conclusion: 3D CBCT analysis shows no significant difference in condylar position of skeletal Class I and Class III subjects.

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Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041012-299.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jasmina Primozic ◽

Giuseppe Perinetti ◽

Stephen Richmond ◽

Maja Ovsenik

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Facial Asymmetry ◽

Middle Part ◽

T Test ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Data Sets ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Face

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the degree of facial asymmetry associated with subjects with unilateral functional crossbite (CB) in the primary, early/intermediate, and late mixed dentition phases in comparison with a group of subjects without CB. Subjects and Methods: A group of 234 white subjects, 78 with CB (42 girls and 36 boys) and 156 without CB (73 girls and 83 boys), aged 3.9–11.9, grouped according to the dentition phase, were included. Three-dimensional laser scans of the subjects' faces were used to assess facial asymmetry. For each part of the face two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to assess differences among the subjects, and an independent sample t-test was used to assess the significance of the differences between data sets. Results: Within all dentition phases, the subjects with CB had statistically significantly greater facial asymmetry of the whole face than the subjects without CB, with the greatest values in the lower part of the face (P < .05). In the middle part of the face a significant difference was observed in the mixed dentition phases. Conclusions: Children with unilateral functional CB exhibited a greater facial asymmetry than children without this malocclusion in all the dentition phases herein investigated. The greatest differences were seen for the lower part of the face. Further, facial asymmetry in the middle part of the face became clinically relevant in combination with the transition from primary to mixed dentition phase.

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Two-dimensional ultrasound: can it replace computed tomography in liver volume assessment?

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-019-0073-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shimaa Farghaly ◽

Marwa Makboul ◽

Mahmoud Refaat Shehata

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Liver Volume ◽

Age Groups ◽

Volume Measurement ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Liver volume estimation is considered as an integral part in preoperative evaluation in patients undergoing liver transplantation; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are considered the gold standard methods for liver volume estimation, and both are reliable and valid in determination of liver volume via manual and semi-automated methods. Reliable and accurate set of three simple measurement planes using two-dimensional ultrasound for volumetric assessment of liver was determined, and predictive equation using these three simple measurements was performed, which is simple to perform and easy to calculate, in order to evaluate liver volume and validate these measurements against CT images. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy and validity of two-dimensional ultrasound in liver volume estimation compared to CT volumetry as a gold standard. Results A strong linear positive correlation with no statistical significant difference was found between 2D US and semi-automated CT volumetric, and result was r = 0.7402 and p > 0.05, with an average liver volume of 1572.10 (± 326.43) cm3 and 1559.30 (± 381.02) cm3 respectively. No statistically significant difference was found also between the two modalities in different age groups and different sexes. Conclusion Simple linear two-dimensional ultrasound could be considered an efficient, accurate, and trustable tool for liver volume measurement in clinical practice.

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