scholarly journals Establishment of a Rapid and Stable Transgenic System by Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of the Germination Seeds in Diploid Strawberry.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jiao Gu ◽  
Yuanyue Shen
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Magnesium Chelatase ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Vector Construction ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
Transformation Systems ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Diploid Strawberry

Abstract BackgroundStrawberry (Fragaria) is regarded as a model plant for both Rosaceae and non-climacteric fruit ripening. Although much progress has been made in the identification of gene function using traditional, stable and transient genetic transformation systems in strawberry, the limitation is, more or less, present. Thus, development of a rapid, efficient, and stable transformation system is required for strawberry research and breeding.ResultsHere, using diploid Hawaii-4 (Fragaria vesca) seeds and a reporter gene of CHLH (the H subunit of magnesium chelatase magnesium chelatase) , we first develop a new, rapid, efficient, and stable transgenic system by the Agrobacterium-mediated seed transformation to silence the reporter gene, obtaining a transformation frequency with 10 % through a series of optimization conditions, including full imbibition and initial germination, shaking infection for 24 h, dark cultivation on MS medium for 3 d at 24 ℃, light culture on MS-Tim medium for 1 week at 24 ℃, and vector construction carried fluorescence label. Taken together, radicle-emergence germination seeds, appropriate Agrobacterium concentration and infection time are critical for successful transformation, obtaining transgenic kanamycin-resistant seedlings within 1 month and T2 generation transgenic plants within 4 months. ConclusionsWe first have successfully established Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of germinating seeds (AMTGS) in diploid strawberry (F. vesca), providing a useful tool for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening and strawberry breeding.

scholarly journals Establishment of A Rapid and Stable Infected System by Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Germination Seeds in Diploid Strawberry.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Hao Xu ◽  
Xiao-Jiao Gu ◽  
Yuan-Yue Shen
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Magnesium Chelatase ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Vector Construction ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Diploid Strawberry

Abstract Background Strawberry (Fragaria) is regarded as a model plant for both Rosaceae and non-climacteric fruit ripening. Although much progress has been made in identification of gene function using stable and transient genetic transformation systems in strawberry, the limitation is, more or less, are present. To this end, development of a rapid, efficient, and stable transformation system is required for strawberry research and breeding. Results Here, using diploid Hawaii-4 (Fragaria vesca) seeds and a reporter gene of CHLH (the H subunit of magnesium chelatase magnesium chelatase) key to chlorophyll synthesis, we first develop a rapid, efficient, and stable infected system by the Agrobacterium-mediated seed infection to silence the reporter gene, reaching an infection frequency with 28.3% through a series of optimization elements, including seed full imbibition and initial germination, shaking infection for 24 h, dark cultivation on MS medium for 3 d at 24 ℃, light culture on MS-Tim medium for 1 week at 24 ℃, and vector construction tagged with fluorescence label. Taken together, radicle-emergence germination seeds, appropriate Agrobacterium concentration and infection time are critical for successful infection, finally obtaining the infected kanamycin-resistant seedlings of T1 generation by infected wild seeds within 1 month and T2 generation-infected plants within 4 months. Conclusions The Agrobacterium-mediated infection of germinating seeds (AMTGS) in diploid strawberry (F. vesca) is first established, providing a useful tool for gene function identification and improved agronomic traits in strawberry.

scholarly journals Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenevere Perry ◽  
Diane Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Transportation Container ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of climacteric fruit ripening in a melon population segregating for ripening behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Pereira ◽  
Miguel Santo Domingo ◽  
Valentino Ruggieri ◽  
Jason Argyris ◽  
Michael A. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species, allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches. We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), obtained by crossing a climacteric (Védrantais, cantalupensis type) and a non-climcteric variety (Piel de Sapo T111, inodorus type), for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production. Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced, the early onset of ethylene production, and other phenotypes associated with ripening. We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8, ETHQV8.1, which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening, and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response. The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 211 accessions of the ssp. melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas, one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1. The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening. This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.

scholarly journals A Non-Climacteric Fruit Gene CaMADS-RIN Regulates Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Climacteric Fruit

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e95559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Dong ◽  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Shibing Tian ◽  
Qiaoli Xie ◽  
Wencheng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Climacteric Fruit

A role for jasmonates in climacteric fruit ripening

Planta ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuetong Fan ◽  
James P. Mattheis ◽  
John K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Climacteric Fruit

scholarly journals Identification of a Gene Encoding Glutamate Decarboxylase Involved in the Postharvest Fruit Ripening Process in Banana

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Ju-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yang ◽  
Jian-Bin Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Postharvest Ripening ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The banana, a typical climacteric fruit, undergoes a postharvest ripening process followed by a burst in ethylene production that signals the beginning of the climacteric period. Postharvest ripening plays an important role in improving the quality of the fruit as well as limiting its shelf life. To investigate the role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in climacteric ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening in postharvest banana, a GAD gene was isolated from banana, designated MuGAD. Coincidently with climacteric ethylene production, MuGAD expression as well as the expression of the genes encoding the Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MaACS1) and Musa 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MaACO1) greatly increased during natural ripening and in ethylene-treated banana. Moreover, ethylene biosynthesis, ripening progress, and MuGAD, MaACS1, and MaACO1 expression were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Taken together, our results suggested that MuGAD is involved in the fruit ripening process in postharvest banana.

scholarly journals Effect of 1-MCP on Apple Fruit Ripening and Volatile Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 536D-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Song ◽  
M.S. Tian ◽  
D.R. Dilley ◽  
R.M. Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Aroma Production ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volatile Production

Aroma production by apple fruit is an important quality criterion and has been found to be a fruit-ripening-related process. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an effective ethylene action inhibitor, was used to study the relationship between volatile biosynthesis, ethylene action, and fruit ripening in `Golden Delicious' apple fruit. Pre-climacteric fruit were treated with 1-MCP vapors at a concentration of 500 parts per billion (v/v) at 23°C. 1-MCP prevented the climacteric rise of ethylene production, respiration, and volatile production, while untreated fruits developed typical climacteric changes in ethylene production, respiration and volatile production. Applying ethylene at 15–20 parts per million for 24 hr 11 days after 1-MCP treatment could not overcome the effect of 1-MCP, suggesting that 1-MCP inhibited ethylene action irreversibly. Interestingly, when 1-MCP-treated tissue were fed butanol and butyric acid, they converted these compounds to their corresponding esters butylacetate and butylbutanoate. Thus precursor supply is apparently limiting and appears to be ethylene-dependent.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids Suppress Ethylene Biosynthesis via Transcription Factor BZR1 in Pear and Apple Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglin Ji ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Zhongyu Jiang ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Pengtao Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Climacteric Fruit

ABSTRACTThe plant hormone ethylene is important for the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), and the brassinosteroid (BR) class of phytohormones affects ethylene biosynthesis during ripening, although via an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we observed that exogenous BR treatment suppressed ethylene production during pear fruit ripening, and that the expression of the transcription factor PuBZR1 was enhanced by epibrassinolide (EBR) treatment during pear fruit ripening. PuBZR1 was shown to interact with PuACO1, which converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene, and suppress its activity. We also observed that BR-activated PuBZR1 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and of PuACS1a, which encodes ACC synthase, and directly suppressed their transcription. Moreover, PuBZR1 suppressed the expression of transcription factor PuERF2 by binding its promoter, and PuERF2 bound to the promoters of PuACO1 and PuACS1a. We concluded that PuBZR1 indirectly suppresses the transcription of PuACO1 and PuACS1a through its regulation of PuERF2. Ethylene production and the expression profiles of the corresponding apple (Malus domestica) homologs showed similar changes following EBR treatment. Together, these results suggest that BR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and the expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening. This likely represents a conserved mechanism by which exogenous BR suppresses ethylene biosynthesis during climacteric fruit ripening.One-sentence summaryBR-activated BZR1 suppresses ACO1 activity and expression of ACO1 and ACS1a, which encode two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, thereby reducing ethylene production during pear and apple fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Nectarine Fruit Ripening and Quality Assessed Using the Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
D. Stefanelli ◽  
G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Absorbance Difference

Consistency of fruit quality is extremely important in horticulture. Fruit growth and quality in nectarine are affected by fruit position in the canopy, related to the tree shape. The “open shaped” training systems, such as Tatura Trellis, improve fruit growth and quality. The Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) is a new marker that characterizes climacteric fruit during ripening. A study on fruit ripening was performed by using theIADon nectarine to monitor fruit maturity stages of two cultivars trained as Tatura Trellis in Victoria, Australia. Fruit of cv “Summer Flare 34” (“SF34”) grown in different positions on the tree showed high ripening homogeneity. Fruit harvested at a similar ripening stage showed fruit firmness and soluble solid content homogeneity. Fruits from hand-thinned variety “Summer Flare 26” (“SF26”) were larger in size, had advanced ripening, and showed greater homogeneity. For “SF26”, a weak correlation betweenIADand SSC was observed. The experiment showed that the Tatura Trellis training system is characterized by high homogeneity of nectarine fruit when coupled with a proper management of fruit density. It also confirmed that theIADcould be used as new nondestructive maturity index for nectarine fruit quality assessment in the field.

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