scholarly journals Drought Stress Modified Genetic Components and Combining Ability of Cotton Genotypes 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVAID Areej ◽  
Faqir Muhammad AZHAR ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad KHAN ◽  
SHAKEEL Amir ◽  
Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Boll Weight

Abstract Background: Gene action and combining ability of the genotypes are two important components in crop breeding and may be influenced by environmental stresses which sometimes mislead the selection process. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the behavior of genetic parameters of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under drought stress during the year 2017-19. Initially, 50 genotypes of cotton were screened for drought stress tolerance potential by subjecting them to 4 week long drought stress (at 20% field capacity). Based on physiological parameters, 5 drought tolerant and 4 drought susceptible genotypes (lines and testers respectively) were selected and hybridized using Line × Tester technique to develop F1 crosses. In the next year, 9 parents and their 20 F1 hybrids were evaluated in field under normal irrigation and drought stress (at 50% field capacity). Results: Stronger specific combining ability effects observed for seed cotton yield, number of bolls, boll weight and lint percentage (%) indicated active role of non-additive genes operating in the direction of lower parents with the exception for number of bolls where dominance worked towards superior parents. Best varietal combinations identified under water stress for number of bolls and boll weight were CIM-496 × NF-801-2-37, DPL-26 × NF-801-2-37, B-557 × NF-801-2-37, B-557 × MNH-129. Variety B-557 was found to be good general combiner followed by BOU-1724 for number of bolls, boll weight and lint % under drought. Conclusion: Combining ability analysis indicated critical role of non-additive component in total variation suggesting weak heritability for all the traits. Direct selection in this material is therefore not advisable. Drought had suppressed variability and restricted the expression of yield characters, however, best identified varietal combinations for seed cotton yield, number of bolls and boll weight may be exploited for the development of hybrid to be grown in drought hit areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Assessment of gene action and combining ability for fibre and yield contributing trais in interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of cotton

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Munir ◽  
M.K. Qureshi ◽  
A.N. Shahzad ◽  
H. Manzoor ◽  
M.A. Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
Staple Strength

Combining ability analysis was performed in order to identify high-yielding genotypes and hybrids. Six lines were crossed with three testers using a line × tester mating design. General combining ability (GCA) of parents, specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids and gene action for several yield components and fibre were studied in the experiment. Additive gene action was observed in most traits except bolls/plant, sympodia/plant, monopodia/plant, total nodes, seed index, lint/seed, staple strength and seed cotton yield/plant which were influenced by non-additive gene action. GCA revealed that Giza-7 was a good general combiner for staple length, staple strength, seed index, boll weight, bolls/plant and monopodia/plant and BH-167 was good for ginning outturn (GOT) and sympodia/plant. Results of SCA values for hybrids indicated, that the cross Giza-7 × MNH-886 was a superior specific combiner for staple length, monopodia/plant, staple strength and seed cotton yield/plant; CIM-554 × CIM-557 for boll weight, sympodia/plant and lint weight/boll; BH-167 × MNH-886 for GOT and bolls/plant. Selection of such hybrids and good general combiners could be further exploited for yield improvement.

scholarly journals The effects of drought stress on physiological properties of cotton (G. Hirsutum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Remzi Ekinci ◽  
Sema Basbag
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Physiological Properties

As cotton is a product that is grown by irrigating during the summer and rainfall periods, global warming and the drought stress associated with it affect the cotton cultivation negatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different field capacity saturation degrees (FCSD) on some physiological properties of cotton cultivars. The study was carried out in Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture in the experimental area in 2014-2015 with 3 replications according to the split plot design. The experiment was arranged in a split- plots design with three replications. Main plots were different FCSD (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%) and sub plots were cotton varieties (Stoneville-453, GW-Teks, and Deltaopal). Leaf temperature (◦C), leaf stoma conductivity (mmol m−2 s−1) (leaf photosynthesis yield (µmol m−2 s−1), leaf SPAD value, canopy temperature (◦C) and seed cotton yield (g.per plant-1) properties were investigated in this study. Physiological adverse effects of cotton plant in limited irrigation conditions were determined. Although linear regression was determined between deficit irrigation conditions and leaf temperature, canopy temperature, leaf SPAD value, quadratic regression was detected between leaf stomatal conductivity, leaf photosynthesis yield and seed cotton yield

scholarly journals Gene Action Studies in the Inheritance of Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Diallel Cross of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. J. Zapadiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Genetic Components

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the 45 F1 hybrids derived from 10×10 half diallel fashion along with ten parents and one standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14 were sown in randomized block design with three replications during kharif -2017 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The genetic components of variation were determined for 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% boll opening, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), ginning percentage (%), seed index (g), lint index (g) and oil percentage (%).The estimate of the components of variation revealed significant results for both additive (D) as well as dominance effects (H1 and H2) for all the characters except plant height non-significant H2 component, but in majority of traits (except plant height, lint index) H1 was higher than D indicating dominance components were important in the inheritance of seed cotton yield and its components. The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was found to be more than unity for all the traits (except plant height, number of monopodia per plant and lint index indicating partial dominance) indicating over dominance. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for all the traits. High estimates of heritability in narrow sense was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of monopodia per plant, ginning percentage (%), lint index (g) and oil content (%) suggesting that selection based on these attribute would lead to rapid improvement. Due to preponderance of non-additive gene effects of seed cotton yield per plant and most of its component traits, heterosis breeding would also be practically feasible in cotton.

scholarly journals Genetics of Inheritance and Interrelationship of Various Agronomic Traits of F2 Population in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bilal Nawaz ◽  
Saira Sattar ◽  
Bilal Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Jamshaid ◽  
Khadim Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Beak Size

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown in more than sixty countries worldwide. It is an important fiber crop in the world. It plays a vital role in our national economy being the source of earning of foreign exchange, therefore, it is considered to be the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. In Pakistan, millions of families are associated with cotton and textile industry for their livelihood.  Results: In this experiment F2 population of the cross L. A. Frego Bract x CIM-600 and their parents was sown in randomized complete block design with three replications during normal growing season of the year 2014 to sort out best performing genotypes for yield related traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that parental and their F2 population showed significant differences for all the observed agronomic traits (plant height, number of monopodia branches, number of sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn, bract type, boll shape, beak size, seed cotton yield, staple length, fiber strength and fiber fineness). Estimation of correlation revealed that seed cotton yield was found positively correlated sympodial branches, fiber fineness and boll weight while ginning out turn, bract type, beak size, staple length and fiber strength were negatively associated with seed cotton yield. Epistasis was not found to be involved in any of the traits. Conclusion:  The correlation and genetics study of various yield related traits provides us useful information for effective selection and sustainable breeding programs. Estimation of broad sense heritability ( ) in F2 populations for different traits vary as following order; ginning out turn>plant height>seed cotton yield>sympodia branches>fiber length>fiber strength>bolls per plant>monopodia branches>boll weight>fiber fineness with heritability 0.90, 0.79, 0.78, 0.75, 0.73, 0.71 0.67, 0.64, 0.63 and 0.50 respectively. Results suggested form heritability and correlation that these traits can be improved either through appropriate selection method or hybrid breeding programme.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10456
Author(s):  
Muhammad Majid ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad ◽  
Rao Muhammad Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus levels was found to be significant on the plant height, leaf area, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and seed cotton yield, while the irrigation effect was significant on all the parameters. The PGPR coated phosphorus performed better as compared to other treatments under normal irrigation and osmotic stress. Results showed that PGPR coated phosphorus increased by 29.47%, 21.01%, 41.11%, 32.73%, 15.63% and 22.89% plant height, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, fiber length, and seed cotton yield respectively. In conclusion, PGPR coated DAP can be helpful to get higher cotton productivity as compared to control and sole application of DAP under normal irrigation and osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Role of mineral nutrition in alleviation of heat stress in cotton plants grown in glasshouse and field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Cotton Plants

Abstract Coincidence of high temperature with terminal reproductive pheno-stages of cotton is chief constraint to achieve yield potential. This high temperature interfere plant defensive system, physiological process, water relations and lint yield production. In this study, we modulated the detrimental outcomes of heat stress on cotton through the foliar spray of nutrients. Cotton crop was exposed to sub-optimal and supra-optimal thermal regimes for a period of one week at squaring, flowering and boll formation stages under glass house and field conditions. Foliar spray of potassium (K-1.5%), zinc (Zn-0.2%) and boron (B-0.1%) were applied at three reproductive stages one day prior to expose high temperature regimes. High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves. High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant. Various nutrients variably influenced growth and physiology of heat-stressed cotton plants. Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant. For example, zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures. Conclusively, increasing intensities of temperature adversely affected the recorded responses of cotton and exogenous application of Zn efficaciously alleviated heat induced perturbations. Moreover, exogenous nutrients mediated upregulations in physiochemical attributes induced heat tolerance at morphological level.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of yield components and fiber quality parameters in upland cotton

1970 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Bilal Nawaz, Saira Sattar, Tanwir Ahmad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Seed Index

The experiment was laid to analyze genetic features, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients, path analysis with regression analysis among yield contributing traits in a selected F3 populations of upland cotton including parents. In this research experiment ANOVA showed significant difference among all individual plants in F3 populations. Monopodia per plant and bolls per plant possessed maximum value of PCV% and GCV%. Maximum broad sense heritability (≥ 90) was found in all recorded traits except seeds per boll, fiber length and lint percentage. Correlation studies revealed that Seed cotton yield positively correlated with all yield contributing traits i.e. plant height, monopodial branches per plant, Number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint weight, seed index, lint index, seeds per boll, fiber fineness, fiber strength and fiber uniformity at both genotypic and phenotypic level whereas it depicted negative relationship with staple length. Path coefficient analysis showed that maximum direct positive effect was found of lint weight (2.6005) on seed cotton yield followed fiber fineness (1.2628), seed index (1.1449) and bolls per plant (1.0027). Regression study exhibited that maximum value of R2 for lint weight (0.9509) and boll weight (0.3735) depicted that 95.09% and 37.35% variation in the seed cotton yield, due to its relationship with lint weight and boll weight. It is concluded that there is a great genetic potential in F3 populations for mostly yield contributing traits for further enhancing yield. So those traits should be used as selection criteria during breeding for yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield, yield components and incidence of CLCV disease through planting times and varietal interaction in cotton in the Multan region

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Salma Naimatullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight

Five Bt cotton varieties were evaluated for five different parameters (plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield and CLCV incidence after 105 days of planting) under six different sowing times (01 March, 15 March, 01 April, 15 April, 01 May and 15 May) at CCRI, Multan during the year 2018.Results revealed highly significant differences among the varieties, sowing times and their interaction for all the traits under study. Regarding sowing times, highest yield (3676 kg/ha) was produced when the sowing was done on 01 March followed by March 15 sowing (3496 kg/ha) with 4.3 and 6.1 CLCuV incidence% respectively after 105 days of sowing.However, lowest yield of 2483 kg/ha was achieved through 15 May planting with 96.7% CLCuV incidence. Regarding varietal performance, CYTO-313 excelled all other varieties by producing 3356 kg/ha seed cotton yield followed by CIM-343 (3195 kg/ha) with CLCuV percent incidence of 53.1 and 50.9 respectively at 105 days of planting.It was concluded from the present investigations that first March sowing is the optimum sowing time with zero percent CLCuV incidence for Multan region. Furthermore, variety CYTO-313 should be given primacy on other four varieties when farmer is going to adopt first March sowing.

scholarly journals Study of Heterosis, Combining Ability and Parental Diversity for Seed Cotton Yield and Contributing Traits using Diallel Data in Cotton (G. hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Giri ◽  
S.K. Verma ◽  
J.P. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Combining ability and parental diversity contributes directly to improve the heterotic potential. The experiment was aimed to study the parental diversity and its contribution to heterosis and to get an idea if parental diversity has any influence on the combining ability of the parental lines.Methods: The field testing was carried out during 2017-18 at three locations comprises, Sirsa, Bathinda and Abohar. Total eight parents were crossed in diallel manner to produce 56 combination excluding eight parental genotypes using full diallel. All the hybrids and parental lines were tested using RBD at the selected locations and the mean of these three locations data was used to study the relationship. Genetic relatedness of the parents was studied using 20 SSR markers and the distance/similarity matrix was developed using Jaccard coefficient method. Result: Genotypes showed significant (p≤0.01) differences for mean squares values for all the traits under study. F-2228, F-2164 and LH-2108 were the parents with best general combining abilities. Parental lines RS-2013 and RST were found to be the most divergent lines. The best F1 hybrids such as RST-9 x F-2164, LH-2076 x RST-9 and LH-2076 x RS-2013 comprised of diverse parents produced high heterosis for seed cotton yield. Among all the traits under study the maximum heterosis was received for seed cotton yield with a max gain of 126.8% over the mid parent.

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