scholarly journals Insight into the Evolution of the Cellulose Microstructure Through the Enzyme Pretreatment Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijun Ding ◽  
Limin Jing ◽  
Wenjia Han ◽  
Yanpeng Guan ◽  
Yifei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Enzyme Pretreatment ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Derivative Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In this work, the changes of properties and microstructure of cellulose (bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP)) subjected to different enzyme pretreatment times (0–10 h) were explored for further fibrillation. The various properties of the pretreated cellulose gradually decrease with the elapse of time relative to the pristine material, such as yield, water retention value, aspect ratio and degree of polymerization, etc. Enzyme pretreatment can promote the peeling of fibrils and loosen the amorphous areas of cellulose identified by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A thorough investigation of the relation between pretreatment and evolution of inter-/intra-molecular H-bonds in cellulose was conducted including content and cleave sequence of H-bonds by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), second derivative analysis and generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). The intermolecular H-bonds with the most significant decrease in content was cleaved first relative to the intramolecular H-bonds. These discoveries provide theoretical support to more effective pretreatment method for commercial production of fibrils from cellulosic fibers.

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

scholarly journals Discovery of Fe7O9: a new iron oxide with a complex monoclinic structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
Ilya Kupenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully recovered at ambient conditions. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction we determined that Fe7O9 adopts a monoclinic C2/m lattice with the most distorted crystal structure among the binary iron oxides known to date. The synthesis of Fe7O9 opens a new portal to exotic iron-rich (M,Fe)7O9 oxides with unusual stoichiometry and distorted crystal structures. Moreover, the crystal structure and phase relations of such new iron oxide groups may provide new insight into the cycling of volatiles in the Earth’s interior.

Insight into the capacity decay mechanism of cycled LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes via in situ x-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (29) ◽  
pp. 295701
Author(s):  
Yalan Huang ◽  
He Zhu ◽  
Hekang Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Decay Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Capacity Decay

Insight into the Electron Density Distribution in an O,N-Heterocyclic Stannylene by High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim G. Chegerev ◽  
Alexandr V. Piskunov ◽  
Kseniya V. Tsys ◽  
Andrey G. Starikov ◽  
Klaus Jurkschat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Electron Density Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Insight Into

Structure/Property Relationships of Seashells

2004 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Scurr ◽  
Stephen J. Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Raman Band ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Energy Variable ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Characterisation Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThis study uses various characterisation techniques on the razor shell (Ensis siliqua), to relate the shell's microstructure to its mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that the outer and inner regions of the shell are composed of simple and complex crossed lamellar microstructures respectively. These layers are interspersed by prismatic layers of a completely different crystallographic orientation. Nanoindentation and microhardness measurements have shown that the structure is anisotropic, and Raman band shifts have been observed within these indented/deformed areas of shell, showing that the microstructure deforms rather than generating surface damage. The use of energy variable synchrotron X-ray diffraction has shown that the calcium carbonate crystals of the shell are preferentially orientated as a function of depth and that opposing residual stresses exist at the outer and inner regions of the shell. This study has analysed several microstructural features of the shell and provided an insight into how they prevent failure of the material.

Combined synchrotron x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman for following in situ the growth of solution-deposited YBa2Cu3O7 thin films

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3270-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berberich ◽  
H. Graafsma ◽  
B. Rousseau ◽  
A. Canizares ◽  
R. Ramy Ratiarison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Insight Into

A unique combination of in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the growth process of YBa2Cu3O6+x films obtained by metal organic decomposition using trifluoroacetate precursor on LaAlO3 substrates. The techniques give complementary information: x-ray diffraction gives insight into the structural growth, whereas micro-Raman spectroscopy gives information of the chemical composition with additional information on the texture. To perform both experiments in situ, a special high-temperature process chamber was designed.

Back Cover: Dynamic X-Ray Diffraction Computed Tomography Reveals Real-Time Insight into Catalyst Active Phase Evolution (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43/2011)

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (43) ◽  
pp. 10255-10255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. M. Jacques ◽  
Marco Di Michiel ◽  
Andrew M. Beale ◽  
Taha Sochi ◽  
Matthew G. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Back Cover ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Fiber Formation during Melt Blowing

2003 ◽  
Vol os-12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1558925003os-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R. Bresee ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Melt Blowing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Insight Into

Experimental measurements are presented to provide phenomenological insight into the commercial melt blowing process. In particular, we discuss the following experimental measurements obtained at various die-collector locations: fiber diameter, fiber velocity, air velocity, fiber acceleration, fiber entanglement, fiber temperature, birefringence, wide-angle x-ray diffraction and small-angle x-ray scattering. Our discussion focuses on how these measurements provide insight into fiber formation during melt blowing.

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