Monopulse Estimation of Unknown Polarization for Conformal Phased Array with Arbitrarily Oriented Dipoles
Abstract In this paper, a novel monopulse estimator is proposed to surmount obstacles caused by unknown polarized pattern and the difference among each dipole orientation. Polarized pattern often alters the phased array response and we could hardly recover it if we known nothing about polarized parameters. The sum and difference beamforming of conformal phased array is affected due to the difference among each dipole orientation. Therefore the conventional monopulse estimator is dumped in this circumstance. The method proposed in this paper is a remarkable estimator based on maximum likelihood methodology. In this method, polarized parameters are considered as a part of desired signal and the least-squares solution of desired signal is obtained. With the desired signal solution, the likelihood function with respect to direction is derived at first. Then from the above, Jacobian and Hessian matrix of likelihood function is deduced. The boresight is considered as the initial direction value and the estimator of desired signal direction is obtained by Newton's formula. Finally, the polarized parameters are estimated by least-squares method using the direction estimator. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of angle estimation is acceptable when prior polarized information is completely unknown. Polarized parameters are estimated by similar technique after we find out azimuth and elevation. Our research fills a gap of monopulse estimation with arbitrary polarization and diverse dipole arrangement.