Are there socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults? A nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Diets low in fruit and vegetables and high in salt are among the top dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In a nationally representative sample of Australians, this study aimed to describe self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables, and knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to salt intake, and determine if there were socio-demographic differences between population subgroups. Methods A 2016 cross-sectional survey of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, which comprised 160 questions, including socio-demographic, core health and research-related questions. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval, %) were calculated. Weighted-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine if there were socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results A total of 1217 participants completed the survey (51% female). Less than 8% of participants reported consuming the recommended 2 or more serves of fruit and 5 or more serves of vegetables. Almost 60% of participants frequently added salt during cooking/meal preparation and 42% of respondents frequently placed a salt-shaker on the table at mealtimes. There were no patterns between socio-demographic differences and measures of fruit and vegetable consumption and salt behaviours. Differences in at least one measure were found for sex, age, location, education level and weight category. Conclusions There were no patterns between socio-demographic factors and salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable intake. Less than recommended intakes of fruit and vegetables and frequent discretionary salt use are placing Australians at risk of diet-related NCDs. Policy changes to improve the food environment complimented by a nationwide consumer awareness campaign targeting all socio-demographic groups will therefore be required to improve Australian’s diets.

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Are there socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults? A nationally representative cross-sectional survey

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00734-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emalie Rosewarne ◽

Joseph Alvin Santos ◽

Annet Hoek ◽

Carley Grimes ◽

Caryl Nowson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Demographic Differences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Diets low in fruit and vegetables and high in salt are among the top dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Using a nationally representative sample of Australians, this study aimed to describe self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables, and knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to salt intake, and determine if there were socio-demographic differences between population subgroups. Methods A 2016 cross-sectional survey of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, which comprised 160 questions, including socio-demographic and health-related questions. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval, %) were calculated. Weighted-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine if there were socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results A total of 1217 participants completed the survey (51% female). Less than 8% of participants reported consuming the recommended 2 or more serves of fruit and 5 or more serves of vegetables. Almost 60% of participants frequently added salt during cooking/meal preparation and 42% of respondents frequently placed a salt-shaker on the table at mealtimes. There were no consistent patterns between socio-demographic factors and measures of fruit and vegetable consumption and salt behaviours. Differences in at least one measure were found for sex, age, location, education level and weight category. Conclusions There were no consistent patterns between socio-demographic factors and salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable intake. Less than recommended intakes of fruit and vegetables and frequent discretionary salt use are placing Australians at risk of diet-related NCDs. Broad population-based policies and programs to improve fruit and vegetable intake and salt behaviours are needed to improve Australian’s diets.

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Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries – the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001347 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 2436-2444 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Christel Lynch ◽

Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir ◽

Saskia J te Velde ◽

Nanna Lien ◽

Eva Roos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

European Countries ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pro Greens

AbstractObjectiveTo describe fruit and vegetable intake of 11-year-old children in ten European countries and compare it with current dietary guidelines.DesignCross-sectional survey. Intake was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire containing a pre-coded 24 h recall and an FFQ which were completed in the classroom. Portion sizes were calculated using a standardized protocol.SettingSurveys were performed in schools regionally selected in eight countries and nationally representative in two countries.SubjectsA total of 8158 children from 236 schools across Europe participating in the PRO GREENS project.ResultsThe total mean consumption of fruit and vegetables was between 220 and 345 g/d in the ten participating countries. Mean intakes did not reach the WHO population goal of ≥400 g/d in any of the participating countries. Girls had a significantly higher intake of total fruit and vegetables than boys in five of the countries (Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Bulgaria and Slovenia). Mean total fruit intake ranged between 114 and 240 g/d and vegetable intake between 73 and 141 g/d. When using the level ≥400 g/d as a cut-off, only 23·5 % (13·8–37·0 %) of the studied children, depending on country and gender, met the WHO recommendation (fruit juice excluded).ConclusionsFruit and vegetable consumption was below recommended levels among the schoolchildren in all countries and vegetable intake was lower than fruit intake. The survey shows that there is a need for promotional activities to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in this age group.

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Demographic, familial and trait predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption by pre-school children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2003527 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 326

Author(s):

L J Cooke ◽

J Wardle ◽

EL Gibson ◽

M Sapochnik ◽

A Sheiham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Fruit Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Neophobia ◽

Early Introduction

AbstractObjective:To examine the contribution to fruit and vegetable eating in children of potential predictive variables within the domains of demographics, parental feeding practices and personality traits.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Questionnaires were distributed to parents through 22 London nursery schools.Subjects:Questionnaires were completed and returned by 564 parents or principal caregivers of 2–6-year-old children.Results:Significant predictors of children's fruit and vegetable intake emerged from all three domains examined. Demographic variables associated with child's vegetable consumption were mother's education and child's age and gender. Only ethnicity was significantly associated with fruit consumption. Parental consumption, breast-feeding and early introduction to fruit and vegetables were related to intake of both. Family mealtimes were associated with higher intake of vegetables, but not of fruit. Two characteristics of children themselves (food neophobia and enjoyment of food) were strongly related to the consumption of fruit and vegetables. Subsequent multivariate analyses revealed that parental intake and child food neophobia independently predicted intake of both foods. In the presence of these, fruit consumption was affected by breast-feeding and early introduction to fruit, whereas vegetable consumption was related only to child's gender and enjoyment of food.Conclusions:These findings may be used to inform future interventions aimed at increasing children's consumption of fruit and vegetables. Parents should be made aware of the possible impact of their own behaviour on the eating habits of their children.

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Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behavior in Student Elementary School of Pekanbaru

Jurnal Dunia Gizi ◽

10.33085/jdg.v2i1.4377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Christine Vita Gloria Purba ◽

Alhidayati Alhidayati ◽

Riri Maharani ◽

Lia Indriyani Hutabarat

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

P Value ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Role Of Parents

Background; Based on the results of the 2013 Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research in children aged 10 years and above who consumed less fruit and vegetables with a yield of 93.5%. Less fruits and vegetables consumption will inhibit the growth and development of children and increase the risk of disease. Objectives; To determined the determination of fruit and vegetable consumption in students of Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City in 2018. Material and Method; type of research used analytic survey used cross sectional study. This research was carried out in Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City. The sample of this study was students of class v and vi in Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City who were taken by exhaustic sampling with a total of 113 samples. Results; there was a relationship between pleasure with a P value = 0,000 and POR = 9,200 (CI = 2,756-32,853), the role of parents in relation to vegetables with P value = 0.02 and POR = 4.163 (CI = 1.590-10,898), menu variation with P value = 0.003 and POR = 4.218 (CI = 1.549-11,485) with the help of fruit and vegetable consumption. There was no relationship between knowledge with P value = 0.792 and POR = 807 (CI = 340-1199), peer support with P value = 0.410 and POR = 1.479 (CI = 581-3,761). Conclusion; For mothers to pay attention to the intake of fruit and vegetables for children, be more creative to process food for children.

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Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai ◽

10.26630/jkm.v10i2.1729 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Mindo Lupiana ◽

Sadiman Sadiman

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Indonesian people's fruit consumption is still relatively low compared to other countries that do not have the resources to produce fruits. Purpose: this study was to determine the factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in elementary school students. Methods: This research method uses a cross sectional design. The research population was all students in class V totaling 123 students and the study sample was 100 students who were determined using simple random sampling. This research was conducted in Negeri 1 Rajabasa Raya Bandar Lampung City. Data processing in this study was univariate and bivariate using the chi square test. Results: The results showed that the factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption were preference (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0,000) and attitude (p = 000). The unrelated variable is the availability at home (p = 0.813). Conclusion: Factors that increase consumption of fruit and vegetables in elementary school students are preference, good knowledge, and supportive attitude. Socialization needs to be done to increase knowledge about the benefits and effects of less consumption of fruit and vegetables, put up a poster media about the benefits and effects of less consumption of fruits and vegetables.

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Association between parenting styles and own fruit and vegetable consumption among Portuguese mothers of school children

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511001048 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (6) ◽

pp. 931-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bela Franchini ◽

Rui Poínhos ◽

Knut-Inge Klepp ◽

Maria Daniel Vaz de Almeida

Keyword(s):

Parenting Styles ◽

School Children ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between parenting styles and own fruit and vegetable consumption among Portuguese mothers of school children. A cross-sectional study was performed in Portugal as part of the Pro Children cross-sectional European survey. Portuguese mothers (n 1601) of 11–13-year-old school children were included in the present study. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess fruit and vegetable consumption as well as the parenting styles. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed by a validated FFQ. Parenting styles based on two dimensions – strictness and involvement – were classified into authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful. The higher mean intakes of fruit, vegetables and total fruit and vegetables were observed for mothers classified as indulgent, whereas the lower mean intakes were observed for mothers classified as neglectful. Differences in intake among parenting styles were significant for fruit, vegetables and total fruit and vegetables. When partial correlations were calculated between the two dimensions, strictness and involvement (controlled one for the other), and intakes, only involvement was positively associated with fruit, vegetables and total fruit and vegetable intake. Findings from the present study show that fruit and vegetable consumption of Portuguese mothers of school children seems to be related to their own parenting styles, especially with the dimension involvement. Future interventions to promote fruit and vegetable intake should take into account these variables.

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Explaining Continuance Intention of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among the Rural Elderly: An Application of the Expectancy Confirmation Model

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2017/1808475 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohamad Reza Jafari ◽

Kambiz Ahmadi Angali ◽

Hashem Mohamadian

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

The Elderly ◽

Rural Elderly ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intention To Continue ◽

Expectation Confirmation

Background and Aim. Healthy aging is the permanent right of all people. Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate the expectation confirmation model constructs on intention of continuing to consume fruit and vegetables among the rural elderly.Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 332 elderly. The expectation confirmation model served as a theoretical framework. A random sampling was recruited. Data were collected through face-to-face visit in the second 6 months of 2016. The data were then analyzed using LISREL 8.5 and SPSS 16 software.Results. This model could explain 79% of intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption. The usefulness and satisfaction had the most effect on the intention to continue the consumption of fruit and vegetables.Conclusion. Expectation confirmation model depicted a proper application in explaining the intention to continue the consumption of fruit and vegetables in the elderly. Since perceived benefits were the most important factor in determining the intention to continue F&V consumption in this study, it is required that policymakers utilize suitable efficient strategies to promote the perception of benefits of F&V consumption in the elderly by means of campaigns in the society, organizations, and families.

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Incentivizing Fruit and Vegetable Purchasers at Fresh Markets in Lower 9th Ward, New Orleans

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.27.s1.287 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rashida Ferdinand ◽

Rosamar Torres ◽

Jennifer Scott ◽

Imran Saeed ◽

Richard Scribner

Keyword(s):

New Orleans ◽

Low Income ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Community Partner ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Food Markets ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fresh Food

Objective: Disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption have been observed across income and race-ethnicity and shown to be associated with both access to fresh food venues and price. This study assesses the feasibility of increasing produce consumption by incentivizing fruit and vegetable purchases at local markets.Design: We conducted analyses of a cross-sectional survey of program participants and point-of-sale reports on fruit and vegetable purchases at the fresh food markets.Participants: A total of 176 participants were enrolled in the “Veggie Dollars” program (VDP).Setting: Five fresh food markets in the Lower Ninth Ward (LNW) of New Orleans, Louisiana.Intervention: From January to July 2016, Sankofa, our community partner, recruited patrons at its markets into the VDP, a fresh food incentive program. Participants received coupons worth $4 per week for fruit and vegetables over a six-week period.Main Outcome Measures: Total monthly gross, VDP, and SNAP benefit sales at the markets measured program participation. A survey (N=96) assessed the demographics and fruit and vegetable purchasing practices of participants.Results: Participants were predominantly women (81%), African American (94%) and raising children at home (53%). Point-of-sales data indicated that VDP sales nearly doubled over the intervention period. Total market sales and SNAP benefit purchases also increased. The majority (63%) of VDP participants reported their produce purchases increased and 89% reported increasing their consumption of fruit and vegetables since entering the program.Conclusions: Monetary incentives were associated with increased fruit and vegetable purchases at local fresh food markets in a low-income minority community.Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):287-294; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.287.

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Socio-economic inequalities in women's fruit and vegetable intakes: a multilevel study of individual, social and environmental mediators

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005897 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 623-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Kylie Ball ◽

David Crawford ◽

Gita Mishra

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Community Sample ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Purchasing

AbstractObjectiveThis study employed a multilevel design to test the contribution of individual, social and environmental factors to mediating socio-economic status (SES) inequalities in fruit and vegetable consumption among women.DesignA cross-sectional survey was linked with objective environmental data.SettingA community sample involving 45 neighbourhoods.SubjectsIn total, 1347 women from 45 neighbourhoods provided survey data on their SES (highest education level), nutrition knowledge, health considerations related to food purchasing, and social support for healthy eating. These data were linked with objective environmental data on the density of supermarkets and fruit and vegetable outlets in local neighbourhoods.ResultsMultilevel modelling showed that individual and social factors partly mediated, but did not completely explain, SES variations in fruit and vegetable consumption. Store density did not mediate the relationship of SES with fruit or vegetable consumption.ConclusionsNutrition promotion interventions should focus on enhancing nutrition knowledge and health considerations underlying food purchasing in order to promote healthy eating, particularly among those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. Further investigation is required to identify additional potential mediators of SES–diet relationships, particularly at the environmental level.

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Fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and the use of a ‘standard serving’ size to measure intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001690 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tan Van Bui ◽

Christopher L. Blizzard ◽

Khue Ngoc Luong ◽

Ngoc Le Van Truong ◽

Bao Quoc Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Serving Sizes

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to provide nationally representative data on fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and to assess the accuracy of the reported numbers of ‘standard servings’ consumed. Data analysed were from a multi-stage stratified cluster survey of 14 706 participants (46·5 % males, response proportion 64·1 %) aged 25−64 years in Vietnam. Measurements were made in accordance with the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) protocols. Approximately 80 % of Vietnamese people reported having less than five servings of fruit and vegetables daily in a typical week. Fruit and vegetable intake reported in ‘standard serving’ sizes was positively correlated with levels of education completed and household income (P<0·001 for trend). The correlations between summary values for each province reflect some known demographic, geographical and climatic characteristics of the country. For example, provinces at higher latitude had higher mean servings of vegetables (r 0·90), and provinces with higher proportions of urban population had higher mean servings of fruit (r 0·40). In conclusion, about eight in ten Vietnamese people aged 25–64 years did not meet WHO recommendations for daily consumption of at least five servings of fruit and vegetables. On the basis of the consistency of the data collected with other estimates and with physical and demographic characteristics of the country, the WHO STEPS instrument has construct validity for measuring fruit and vegetable intake, but with two issues identified. The issues were seasonal variation in reporting and a limitation on the usefulness of the information for associative analyses.

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