scholarly journals Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joud Shabeeb Almutairi ◽  
Turky H Almigbal ◽  
Hiba Y Alraheem ◽  
Muhammad H Mujammami ◽  
Turki A AlMogbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Diabetes-related complications can be prevented by maintaining good glycemic control. Despite huge efforts to obtain acceptable glycemic control among diabetics, this has not yet been achieved. Thus, there is a need to discover all factors that might affect glycemic control. Here, our main aim was to assess the association between self-awareness of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes and glycemic control, thereby identifying those factors that might affect the glycemic control. Methods The data for this study was collected using questionnaires through interviews among 600 patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted in outpatient diabetes clinics in tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Qassim and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data collection was done during the period from March and April 2018. The subject’s self-awareness about the HbA1c test was assessed based on the combined score of four questions. The latest HbA1c result before the time of data collection was obtained from medical records. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all categorical variables used in the analysis. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results The mean age of the respondents was 54.7 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 11.9 years. The prevalence of HbA1c self-awareness was approximately 40%. Overall, 63.9% accurately reported their Hemoglobin A1C Self-Knowledge (HbA1csk). The prevalence of good glycemic control (defined as HbA1c less than 7.0%) was 21.0%. Five of the participants’ characteristics were associated with better glycemic control: good HbA1c self-awareness (OR = 3.25, 95%CI: 1.15–9.24), duration of diabetes (negatively associated with glycemic control) (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.87–0.95), discussed HbA1c target with the health care provider (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.22–4.79), monthly income between 10,001 and 15,000 SR (OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 1.13–4.60), and number of follow up visit (OR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.63–0.94). Conclusions We conclude that there is a positive association between HbA1c self-awareness and glycemic control. Glycemic control was good among those who were educated about the meaning of the test, their levels, and their target goal. Awareness among health care providers regarding the role of the patient’s education about their condition might help in providing the patient with optimal care. Further studies with different experimental designs are needed to study this association, which will contribute to the development of a structured educational program.

scholarly journals The Effect of Health Education on Control Glycemic at Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Rusdiana Rusdiana ◽  
Maya Savira ◽  
Sry Suryani Widjaja ◽  
Dedi Ardinata
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Educational Course

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term education on glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting blood sugar [FBS]) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending to primary health care (PHC) in Medan Johor of North Sumatera, Indonesia. METHODS: The study was performed on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Johor PHC, Medan of North Sumatera, on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We took the samples of all the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who attend PHC in Medan Johor. The patients received for 3 months intervention by education. An educational course of diabetes together with exercise training and nutritional education was designed for the study population in order to increase the patients’ knowledge and attitude toward diabetes and to increase their participation in the self-monitoring of glycemic control. Samples of FBS and HbA1c were recorded for each patient at the time of the baseline survey, then health education was conducted to the diabetic patients of both sexes attending PHC. The patients received standard advice on diet management and variation about activity. We put HbA1c <6.5% as cut limit for the control of diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: All 40 type 2 diabetes patients completed the educational course. The mean of age of the samples is 62.53 years old, the mean of body mass index was 24.81 kg/m, and the mean of waist size was 92.15 cm. Before the education, the mean of FBS level was 238.83 mg/dl and the mean of Hba1c value is 8.90%. After education, the FBS was 216.88 mg/dl, the mean of HbA1c value was 8.74%. CONCLUSION: The effect of health education in Johor Public Health Care Medan city reduced glycemic control (FBS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Association between level of HbA1c and lipid profile in T2DM patients attending diabetic OPD at BPKIHS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouslin Kishore Baranwal ◽  
R Maskey ◽  
S Majhi ◽  
M Lamsal ◽  
N Baral
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease relate well with each other in type 2 diabetes and it has been proposed that higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes is due to chronic uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Our study aimed to find utility of Hba1c as indicator of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We enrolled 168 T2DM patients in our study and collected venous blood samples in both plain and EDTA vials after a fast of minimum 8 hours. Biochemical analysis was done in fully automated analyzer cobas c311. HbA1c was found to have significant positive correlation with total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride and significant negative correlation with HDL-C and HDL/LDL ratio. The mean value of TC, LDL-C and TG was found to be lower in patients with good glycemic control than those with poor glycemic control. But, mean value of HDL and HDL/LDL ratios were found to be higher in patients with good glycemic control than those with poor glycemic control. These differences were significant at the level of p <0.05. Our study suggests additional use of HbA1c as indicator of dyslipidemia.Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 16-23

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-474
Author(s):  
Sushant Pokhrel ◽  
Nisha Giri ◽  
Rakesh Pokhrel ◽  
Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽  
Anit Lamichhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Good Glycemic Control

Abstract This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control (n = 247) and good glycemic control (n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic population. The serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with HbA1c, FPG, TG, TC, and non-HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated non-HDL-C were the independent risks in hypovitaminosis D population. Vitamin D deficiency in poor glycemic control is likely to develop dyslipidemia as compared to vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups. Thus, vitamin D supplementation and an increase in exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

Benefits of micronised Fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with good glycemic control

2001 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Tan ◽  
L.S. Chew ◽  
E.S. Tai ◽  
L.F. Chio ◽  
H.S. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Good Glycemic Control

Abstract 013: High Prevalence and Rapid Increase of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes: The TODAY Study Group

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fida Bacha ◽  
Samuel S Gidding ◽  
Sonia Caprio ◽  
Ruth Weinstock ◽  
Jane Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background The natural history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth appears to differ from that in adults in that almost half of T2D youth in the “Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY)” study had a rapid decline in beta cell function. The rate of change in risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in youth with T2D is not known. We tested the hypothesis that CVD risk factors are highly prevalent and rapidly progress over time in youth with T2D using longitudinal assessments of hypertension (HT), microalbuminuria (MA) and dyslipidemia obtained during the TODAY clinical trial of adolescents with recent onset T2D. Methods A cohort of 699 adolescents, aged 10-17 years, <2 years duration of T2D, body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile, Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) ≤8% on metformin therapy were randomized to metformin alone, metformin plus rosiglitazone, or metformin plus an intensive lifestyle intervention and followed over an average of 3.9 years. (range 2-6.5 years). Primary outcome was loss of glycemic control. Quarterly BP and annual MA were monitored with initiation and titration of therapy (ACE inhibitor) to maintain BP <130/80 or <95th percentile for age, gender, and height and MA <30 mcg/mg. Statin drugs were begun for LDL cholesterol (LDLC) ≥130 mg/dL or triglycerides ≥300 mg/dL. Change in the prevalence of CVD risk factors was examined accounting for the effect of treatment group, time, glycemic control, gender, and race-ethnicity. Results In this cohort, 319 (45•6%) reached primary glycemic outcome. HTN was observed in 11•6% of subjects at baseline and 33•8% by end of study (average follow-up 3•9 years). MA was found in 6•3% at baseline and rose to 16•6% at study end. Participants with LDLC ≥130 mg/dL or statin use increased from 4.5% to 10.7%. Male gender and higher BMI significantly increased the risk for HTN. Higher levels of hemoglobin A1c correlated with the risk of developing MA and dyslipidemia. Conclusion The prevalence of CVD risk factors increased rapidly among adolescents with T2D regardless of diabetes treatment. The greatest risk for HTN was male gender and higher BMI. The risk for microalbuminuria and worsening of dyslipidemia was related to glycemic control. Measures to address CVD risk are needed early in the disease course in this high risk population.

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