scholarly journals Early Outbreak Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemic: China and Global Health Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrat Kumar Dey ◽  
Md. Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Umme Raihan Siddiqi ◽  
Arpita Howlader
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exploratory Data Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Purpose: Globally, there is an obvious concern about the fact that the evolving 2019-nCoV coronavirus is a worldwide public health threat. The appearance in China at the end of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally labeled as 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) caused a major global outbreak and right now is a major community health issue. As of 8 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) data showed that more than 105 500 confirmed cases were reported in over 100 countries/regions, with > 75% of cases being detected in China and >24% of cases detected globally. COVID-19 outbreak is evolving so rapidly; therefore, the available epidemiological data are essential to direct strategies for situational awareness and intervention. Methods: This article will present a visual exploratory data analysis (V-EDA) approach to collect and analyze COVID-19 data on epidemiological outbreaks. Various open data sources on the outbreak of COVID-19 provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Health Commission (NHC), Johns Hopkins University Interactive Dashboard and DXY.cn have been used in this research.Results: Therefore, an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) with visualizations has been designed and developed in order to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and recovered) in different provinces of China and outside of China between 22 January 2020 to 4 March 2020. Various open data sources on the outbreak of COVID-19 provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Health Commission (NHC), Johns Hopkins University Interactive Dashboard and DXY.cn have been used in this research. Conclusion: In all, this is extremely important to promptly spread information to understand the risks of this pandemic and begin containment activities.

scholarly journals Early Outbreak Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemic: China and Global Health Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrat Kumar Dey ◽  
Md. Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Umme Raihan Siddiqi ◽  
Arpita Howlader
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exploratory Data Analysis ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Purpose: Globally, there is an obvious concern about the fact that the evolving 2019-nCoV coronavirus is a worldwide public health threat. The appearance in China at the end of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally labeled as 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) caused a major global outbreak and right now is a major community health issue. As of 8 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) data showed that more than 105 500 confirmed cases were reported in over 100 countries/regions, with > 75% of cases being detected in China and >24% of cases detected globally. COVID-19 outbreak is evolving so rapidly; therefore, the available epidemiological data are essential to direct strategies for situational awareness and intervention. Methods: This article will present a visual exploratory data analysis (V-EDA) approach to collect and analyze COVID-19 data on epidemiological outbreaks. Various open data sources on the outbreak of COVID-19 provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Health Commission (NHC), Johns Hopkins University Interactive Dashboard and DXY.cn have been used in this research.Results: Therefore, an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) with visualizations has been designed and developed in order to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and recovered) in different provinces of China and outside of China between 22 January 2020 to 4 March 2020. Various open data sources on the outbreak of COVID-19 provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Health Commission (NHC), Johns Hopkins University Interactive Dashboard and DXY.cn have been used in this research. Conclusion: In all, this is extremely important to promptly spread information to understand the risks of this pandemic and begin containment activities.

scholarly journals Visualisasi dan Analisis Data Bunuh Diri

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Irwan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exploratory Data Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Bunuh diri merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan publik. Kematian yang disebabkan oleh tindakan bunuh diri banyak terjadi di seluruh dunia. <em>World Health Organization</em> (WHO) melaporkan bahwa tindakan bunuh diri terjadi sekitar satu juta kejadian setiap tahunnya. WHO menyediakan basis data kematian yang disebabkan karena bunuh diri, namun parameter dan diagram yang disediakan pada basis data tersebut tidak dapat dikustomisasi untuk analisis lebih lanjut. <em>Exploratory Data Analysis</em> merupakan teknik analisis yang menekankan penyajian data dalam bentuk grafik yang dapat mempermudah analis dalam menemukan pola-pola tersembunyi dalam data. Teknik ini sangat efektif digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang memiliki volume yang besar dan varian data yang banyak.  Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melakukan visualisasi dan analisis data kematian yang disebabkan oleh bunuh diri dengan menggunakan data yang disediakan oleh WHO untuk menemukan pola dan tren kejadian bunuh diri dari berbagai negara dan benua agar dapat membantu pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dalam mendeteksi dan merencanakan tindakan pencegahan kejadian bunuh diri. Metode penelitian terbagi kedalam tiga tahapan, yaitu persiapan data, <em>Exploratory Data Analysis</em><em>, </em>dan penarikan kesimpulan. R Studio digunakan sebagai perangkat lunak untuk pengolahan dan visualisasi data. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah teknik <em>Exploratory Data Analysis</em><em> </em>sangat efektif untuk mengeksplorasi data dan menemukan pola-pola tersembunyi dalam data.</p><p>Berdasarkan hasil analisis, Jepang merupakan negara yang memiliki kejadian bunuh diri paling banyak.   Temuan yang didapatkan adalah secara umum jumlah kejadian bunuh diri memiliki tren yang meningkat. Pada tahun 1998 terjadi lonjakan kejadian bunuh diri yang sangat signifikan di negara-negara Asia. Negara yang paling banyak mengalami kejadian bunuh diri adalah Jepang. Pola pelaku bunuh diri di benua Afrika berbeda dengan benua lainnya. Kelompok usia diatas 75 tahun merupakan kelompok usia dengan jumlah bunuh diri paling banyak. Terjadi tren peningkatan kejadian bunuh diri pada kelompok umur 5-14 tahun. Temuan-temuan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan perencanaan pencegahan kejadian bunuh diri dan meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap terjadinya risiko bunuh diri, terutama pada kelompok umur diatas 75 tahun dan 5-14 tahun.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em><em><span lang="IN">Suicide is a public health problem. Deaths caused by acts of suicide occur throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that suicides occur in around one million incidents each year. WHO provides a database of deaths due to suicide, but the parameters and diagrams contained in that database cannot be customized for further analysis. Exploratory Data Analysis is an analytical technique that emphasizes data presentation in a graphical form that can make it easier for analysts to find hidden patterns in the data. This technique is beneficial for analyzing data with a large volume and many data variants. This research aims to visualize and analyze data on deaths caused by suicide by using data provided by WHO to find patterns and trends in suicide events from various countries and continents to help the parties concerned in detecting and planning preventive suicide actions. The research method is divided into three stages: data preparation, Exploratory Data Analysis, and concluding. R Studio is used as software for data processing and visualization. The results obtained from this study are Exploratory Data Analysis techniques, which are useful for exploring data and discovering hidden patterns in data.</span><span lang="IN">Based on the results of the analysis, Japan is a country that has the most suicide. The finding is that in general, the number of suicides has an upward trend. In 1998 there was a very significant surge in suicides in Asian countries. Japan is the country that experiences the most suicide. The pattern of suicide in Africa is different from other continents. The age group above 75 years is the age group with the highest number of suicides. There is a trend of an increase in the incidence of suicide in the 5-14 years age group. The findings obtained from this study can be utilized for the needs of planning suicide prevention events and increasing awareness of the occurrence of suicide risk, especially in the age group above 75 years and 5-14 years.</span></em></em></p>

scholarly journals Outbreak column 21: Tuberculosis (TB): Still a nosocomial threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Evonne T Curran
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This outbreak column explores the epidemiology and infection prevention guidance on tuberculosis (TB) in the UK. The column finds that, at present, national guidance leaves UK hospitals ill-prepared to prevent nosocomial TB transmission. Reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) while TB is predominantly a disease that affects people with ‘social ills’, it has the potential to infect anyone who is sufficiently exposed; (2) nosocomial transmission is documented throughout history; (3) future nosocomial exposures may involve less treatable disease; and (4) current UK guidance is insufficient to prevent nosocomial transmission and is less than that advocated by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Prevent the COVID-19. What Do Healthcare Workers Really Need to Protect Themselves and Survive?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami AL Edwan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The healthcare workers are exposed to dangerous pathogen agents during the outbreak of the new coronavirus COVID-19. To minimize the risk of becoming infected by this virus, healthcare workers need to wear the most appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the guidelines that the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend for the rational use of EPP to protect healthcare workers against the novel coronavirus COVID-19.Methodology: To learn how to effectively protect healthcare workers against the COVID-19, a detailed analysis and comparison of the WHO and CDC guidelines related to the proper use of personal protection equipment (PPE) in different healthcare settings was carried out. Results: The results of this study based on an analysis of PPE recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that the safety and protection of healthcare workers can be maximized if the guidelines suggested by these institutions are followed. In general, the WHO and CDC recommendations based on medical practices are similar, and depending on the healthcare activities and settings where the healthcare workers perform their work, suggest wearing medical/surgical facemasks, respirators, googles and face shields (eye protection), gloves, gowns and aprons. Conclusions: The protection and safety of the healthcare workers can be maximized during the outbreak of COVID-19 by following the WHO and CDC recommendations described in this study. The general guidelines offered by these institutions are similar and based on medical practices.

scholarly journals ESTIMATES OF THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19: A COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN WITH OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Yasir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Health Organization

The number of confirmed cases of COVID-affected patients are 1,123,000 and counting while more than 59,000 corroborated mortalities have occurred around the globe, as depicted by the data gathered through Johns Hopkins University. More than 228,000 people have reportedly recovered from COVID-19 till April 4 2020. Italy has the second highest deaths of COVID-19 in the world. There is dire need to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 in Pakistan and compared with other developed countries. World Health Organization has developed website to provide latest data in form of new reported cases, mortality and recoveries.  In Pakistan, mortality rate was found less than other developed countries and this hypothesis may be wrong that Pakistan neither will nor effected with virus due to climate conditions. The presented study had two objectives. The first was to describe the latest situation if COVID-19 in Pakistan and other developed countries. Second objective was to determine the latest situation about mortility rate in Pakistan and other developed countries. Comparative data was sketched and presented in the form of graph for 5 countries including Pakistan. All the data was obtained form WHO websites and from Pakistan government officials websites. Data was collected from Jan-2020 to 4 April-2020.

scholarly journals A Study on Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Datasets

SEEU Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Genc Hamzaj ◽  
Zamir Dika ◽  
Isak Shabani
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Credible World ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Abstract In December 2019 a virus named COVID-19 appeared in China, precisely in the city of Wuhan. This virus was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Since no adequate medical treatment has yet been discovered for this virus, many world institutions are committed to share with each other the data they collect and process in their laboratories. A large amount of these data is shared with citizens in order to inform about the risk that threaten us by virus COVID-19. Various credible world institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), etc., are providing various statistical data to address the issues raised by this emergent situation, but these reports in some cases are putting doubts on the completeness and the transparency of the data, which are not sufficiently processed and which then create confusion about the risks that we are facing. In this paper we are conducting a study of the quality of current global datasets from the must credible sources related to COVID-19. Also, we are comparing datasets collected from Republic of Kosovo and Republic of North Macedonia with corresponding data from WHO, ECDC and JHU datasets. To analyze datasets from different sources, we are using Power BI tool, making the improvement through the implementation of adequate dimensions and methods of improving the quality of datasets.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Arroio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
South American ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

On March 24 of this year 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the United States had the potential to become the new epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic, due to the data presented that infected more than 42,000 people in the United States at that time. President Donald Trump dismissed the seriousness of the growing threat of the virus. He trivialized the emergency by saying it was a "farce" from his political rivals. Today, May 23, according to the data from the Coronavirus Resource Center at Johns Hopkins University, there are more than 5 million confirmed victims in the world and of these more than 1,6 million in the United States alone, with more than 98 thousand deaths. Director Michael Ryan of the World Health Organization (WHO) emergency program announced on May 22 that South America has become the new epicenter of covid-19 in the world, considering data from Brazil. He said, "We have seen many South American countries with an increase in the number of cases and, clearly, there is concern in many of these countries, but certainly the most affected is Brazil at the moment".

scholarly journals The second wave of COVID-19 is knocking at the doors: have we learned the lesson?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In light of escalating rates of COVID-19 cases, the world stands stunned. The health, social, and global economic situation continues to deteriorate. The seriousness of the situation became evident to most people, yet no one had a radical solution. Scientifically, there is no sure treatment for viral infections other than strengthening the immune system. Therefore, the idea of ​​a vaccine is the most appropriate to reduce infections. However, vaccines will not be accessible to everyone, considering the genetic changes that the virus may create later. The idea of ​​re-imposing a global quarantine, with international leadership for a limited period, is emerging as a strategic alternative, on the condition that it should be launched simultaneously in all countries of the world. To ensure the quarantine's success, all countries must adhere to the comments of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.   References World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT –1, 21 JANUARY 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Fani M, Teimoori A, Ghafari S. Comparison of the COVID-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Future Virol. 2020:10.2217/fvl-2020-0050. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0050 Ali Jadoo, SA. Was the world ready to face a crisis like COVID-19? Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(1):123-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss1.45 Worldometer, Coronavirus Cases. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/? [Accessed on 08 October 2020] Cyranoski D. Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic. Nature, 04 MAY 2020. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01315-7 [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Considerations for Wearing Masks Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Atalan A. Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-9 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020; 56:38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010. Gewin V. On the front lines of the coronavirus-vaccine battle. Nature; 2020 Apr 16. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01116-y [Accessed on 08 October 2020]. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, Azman AS, Reich NG, Lessler J. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(9):577-582. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0504. Acter T, Uddin N, Das J, Akhter A, Choudhury TR, Kim S. Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 730:138996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996. Ali Jadoo SA. COVID -19 pandemic is a worldwide typical biopsychosocial crisis. Journal of Ideas in Health2020;3(2):152-4. https://doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.Vol3.Iss2.58.

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