scholarly journals Integrated System for Recycling and Treatment of Hazardous Pharmaceutical Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Moursi El-Shamy ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelfattah ◽  
Abuarab ◽  
Ehab Mostafa ◽  
El-Awady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Nile Water

Abstract This study aimed to investigate an integrated system that can deal with different pharmaceutical wastewater. Pharmaceutical wastewater was subjected to biological, chemical, and advanced oxidation according to its pollutant’s nature. Wastewater with high Total Suspended Solids (TSS 480 mg/l) was subjected to a conventional chemical treatment process utilizing different coagulants. The best results obtained by using Calcium Oxide and Alum aided with Calcium Oxide where, the removal efficiency of COD was 46.8% and 51 %. Highly loaded pharmaceutical wastewater (COD 9700 mg/l, BOD/COD 0.16) had been subjected to Fenton oxidation, removal of COD reached 80.4%, and the ratio of BOD/COD is enhanced to 0.6. Photocatalysis by using different nanomaterials was applied to pharmaceutical wastewater containing 10 mg/l of phenols. Phenol is completely removed by using Mesoporous TiO2 after 90 min irradiation and after 120 min in the case of TiO2/P25 and TiO2/UV 100 nanocomposites while it is removed by 40% in case of using Mesoporous TiO2/Ta2O5. Effluent treated water from previous routes was subjected to biological treatment and followed with disinfection by using UV as post-treatment. Final COD was 40 and it matches with Egyptian practice code for water reuse in agriculture. Results showed also using treated wastewater in irrigation of Barley and Bean seeds achieved germination ratio up to 71% in Barely and 70% in Bean compared with that irrigated with Nile water which reached 70% and 75%, while it was about 16.6% and 30% in case of irrigation with untreated wastewater.

scholarly journals Treatment of wastewater from a carbon monoxide production unit aimed at water reuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Almada ◽  
G. A. T. Fontoura ◽  
D. M. Bila ◽  
G. L. Sant'Anna ◽  
M. Dezotti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Treatment Unit

The industrial wastewater from a carbon monoxide production unit was treated by physico-chemical processes in order to achieve a quality level appropriate for reuse. In preliminary tests, coagulation/flocculation (CF), sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption were investigated in order to select the materials and the process conditions. Based on the results a combined treatment was proposed: CF followed by down-flow filtration in a combined medium (sand and granular activated carbon). The results obtained in a bench-scale treatment unit showed that the combined treatment removed wastewater turbidity (95%), total suspended solids (97%), volatile suspended solids (81%), chemical oxygen demand (74%) and dissolved organic carbon (65%). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were removed to non-detectable levels. The residual conductivity of the treated wastewater is a matter of concern, and considering the water characteristics of this industrial process, a reuse scheme was proposed based on on-line monitoring and control of conductivity and partial reuse of the treated wastewater.

Wastewater Biofilters Used for Advanced Treatment of Papermill Effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Mechanical Pretreatment ◽  
Papermill Effluent ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Special Points

The application of tertiary biofilters -- submersed aerated upflow filmreactors -- can be classified as follows: 1. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD below 25 mg/l; 2. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD between 20 and 50 mg/l; 3. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD below 30 mg/l followed by partial oxidation with ozone, resulting in BOD of up to 80 mg/l. These three types have to be discussed seperately. Conditions in these plants are quite different from the well-known secondary biofilters following chemical-mechanical pretreatment. The differences have to be regarded in design and operation of the plants. Several questions still have to be evaluated. Based on operational experience about details of microbiota, biofilm growth and attachment, treatment efficiency and stability of elimination, virtual independence of COD elimination from BOD elimination, retention of suspended solids, criteria for design and operation of these plants are discussed. Biofilters following the ozonation plants after biological treatment are quite different to operate. Special points of view to be taken into account at this are: no entry of microorganisms, possible ozone influences, inert solids produced in ozonation (mainly oxalate). These items are discussed based on experimental results.

Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Broch-Due ◽  
R. Andersen ◽  
B. Opheim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Subsequent Chemical

Wastewaters from three integrated newsprint mills have been treated in a pilot plant Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). In the MBBR the biomass adheres to small plastic elements which move freely along with the water in the reactor. A reduction of 65-75% for COD and 85-95% for BOD was obtained at HRT of 4-5 hours. By prolonging the HRT the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD increased to about 80% and 96%, respectively. With a subsequent chemical precipitation a removal efficiency of COD up to 95% was achieved. The amount of chemicals needed for precipitation of the biologically treated wastewater was only a quarter to a third of that needed for chemical treatment of the untreated wastewater. The results showed the MBBR process to be competitive with conventional biological treatment systems and that treatment objectives can be met at short HRTs.

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater for reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Z. Li ◽  
Y. G. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dyeing

As one of the main pollution sources in Hong Kong, the textile dyeing and finishing industry creates a significant proportion of water pollution in nearby harbour zones. Generally speaking, conventional biological treatment processes have difficulties in degrading many dye chemicals causing high COD and colour in dyeing wastwaters. Studies using physical and chemical processes to further reduce COD and colour from dyeing wastewater have been intensively reported. The use of a photocatalytic process in the presence of TiO2 to degrade many different types of dye chemicals has been confirmed. However, how to efficiently separate and reuse TiO2 from treated wastewater became a notable problem in the application of a TiO2 photo-oxidation process. This study aims to develop an advanced treatment process for dyeing wastewater treatment. In which dyeing wastewater was initially treated by an Intermittently Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) reactor to initially remove those biodegradable matters and further treated by a TiO2 photocatalytic reactor as advanced treatment for complete decolorization and high COD removal. Suspended TiO2 powder used in photooxidation was separated from slurry by a membrane filter and recycled to the photoreactor continuously. The results demonstrated that photocatalytic-oxidation process could degrade those non-biodegradable organic substances in the effluent treated by the biological treatment process and also remove the colour from the effluent completely. TiO2, as catalyst, was successfully recovered by a membrane filter and continuously reused in the photoreactor. The quality of dyeing wastewater treated by the advanced treatment process can be good enough for reuse in the textile dyeing processes.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Predict Quality Parameters for Bacterial Consortium-Treated Hospital Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Assessment on Radish, Cauliflower, Hot Pepper, Rice and Wheat Crops

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Umer Z. Ijaz ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Raw hospital wastewater is a source of excessive heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants. In water-stressed countries such as Pakistan, the practice of unsafe reuse by local farmers for crop irrigation is of major concern. In our previous work, we developed a low-cost bacterial consortium wastewater treatment method. Here, in a two-part study, we first aimed to find what physico-chemical parameters were the most important for differentiating consortium-treated and untreated wastewater for its safe reuse. This was achieved using a Kruskal–Wallis test on a suite of physico-chemical measurements to find those parameters which were differentially abundant between consortium-treated and untreated wastewater. The differentially abundant parameters were then input to a Random Forest classifier. The classifier showed that ‘turbidity’ was the most influential parameter for predicting biotreatment. In the second part of our study, we wanted to know if the consortium-treated wastewater was safe for crop irrigation. We therefore carried out a plant growth experiment using a range of popular crop plants in Pakistan (Radish, Cauliflower, Hot pepper, Rice and Wheat), which were grown using irrigation from consortium-treated and untreated hospital wastewater at a range of dilutions (turbidity levels) and performed a phytotoxicity assessment. Our results showed an increasing trend in germination indices and a decreasing one in phytotoxicity indices in plants after irrigation with consortium-treated hospital wastewater (at each dilution/turbidity measure). The comparative study of growth between plants showed the following trend: Cauliflower > Radish > Wheat > Rice > Hot pepper. Cauliflower was the most adaptive plant (PI: −0.28, −0.13, −0.16, −0.06) for the treated hospital wastewater, while hot pepper was susceptible for reuse; hence, we conclude that bacterial consortium-treated hospital wastewater is safe for reuse for the irrigation of cauliflower, radish, wheat and rice. We further conclude that turbidity is the most influential parameter for predicting bio-treatment efficiency prior to water reuse. This method, therefore, could represent a low-cost, low-tech and safe means for farmers to grow crops in water stressed areas.

Real time control for minimizing effluent concentrations during storm water events

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Nyberg ◽  
Bengt Andersson ◽  
Henrik Aspegren
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Biological Treatment Process

Increased flow rates due to stormwater at the Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant occasionally cause hydraulic overloading of the activated sludge process resulting in sludge loss from the secondary clarifiers. To minimize these problems different operational strategies have been evaluated at the plant. Practical experiences have shown the benefits of using in-line storage for flow equalization even if the available volumes may seem small in comparison to the total daily flow rate during stormwater occasions. Step feed operation at the treatment plant can be used to further ease the problems with sludge loss. By-pass of primary treated wastewater can finally be used to avoid hydraulic overloading of the biological treatment process. By combining these strategies in a real time control system, the need for erecting off-line storage volumes can be minimized.

scholarly journals Electrocoagulation: A Promising Method to Treat and Reuse Mineral Processing Wastewater with High COD

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaogui Jing ◽  
Shuai Ren ◽  
Yuesheng Gao ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhiyong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater

Mineral processing wastewater contains large amounts of reagents which can lead to severe environmental problems, such as high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Inspired by the wastewater treatment in such industries as those of textiles, food, and petrochemistry, in the present work, electrocoagulation (EC) is applied for the first time to explore its feasibility in the treatment of wastewater with an initial COD of 424.29 mg/L from a Pb/Zn sulfide mineral flotation plant and its effect on water reuse. Typical parameters, such as anode materials, current density, initial pH, and additives, were characterized to evaluate the performance of the EC method. The results showed that, under optimal conditions, i.e., iron anode, pH 7.1, electrolysis time 70 min, 19.23 mA/cm2 current density, and 4.1 g/L activated carbon, the initial COD can be reduced to 72.9 mg/L, corresponding to a removal rate of 82.8%. In addition, compared with the untreated wastewater, EC-treated wastewater was found to benefit the recovery of galena and sphalerite, with galena recovery increasing from 25.01% to 36.06% and sphalerite recovery increasing from 59.99% to 65.33%. This study confirmed that EC is a promising method for the treatment and reuse of high-COD-containing wastewater in the mining industry, and it possesses great potential for wide industrial applications.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

Nutrient Removal Using BauxsolTM for Treated Wastewater Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Soo Mun ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
Jeong Yul Suh ◽  
Ree Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

Urban areas consume huge amounts of water and produce much wastewater, which deteriorate the aquatic environment and exhaust the country’s freshwater resources. Water reuse from sewage and wastewater is recognized as a good option for securing water. There are several kinds of processes for improving the water quality. Nutrient removal is very important for water reuse, especially in water supply for outdoor use, to prevent water quality deterioration via eutrophication. Moreover, low cost and easy maintenance should be considered for nutrient removal. In this study, red mud and BauxsolTM, a mixed mineral powder made of physicochemically modified red mud residue generated by the Bayer process for alumina refineries, was used for the removal of nitrate and heavy metals in artificial solution, and of phosphate in final effluent, from a sewage treatment plant in Dae-gu, Republic of Korea. Nitrate removal by red mud showed little efficiency while heavy metal removal showed high efficiency. The concentrations of the total phosphate in the effluent and treated water were 1.51 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, which represent about 90.7% removal. Before and after the treatment, the pH was maintained at a neutral range of 6.5-7.2. BauxsolTM also showed a high heavy metal removal capacity. Therefore, BauxsolTM in powder and pellet form can be applied individually or mixed with soil to improve water quality for water reuse.

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