scholarly journals The Effect of Counseling With Cognitive Behavioral Approach (CBT) on Self-esteem and Body Image of Lactating Mothers: Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zamiri-Miandoab ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Fatemeh Nemati ◽  
Mahin Kamalifard
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract Background: Self-esteem and body image are the factors that change during different periods of a woman’s life. Some of the women experience low self-esteem and negative body image in Pregnancy and postpartum. These two factors along with other factors can reduce the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among women. Cognitive-behavior therapy is one of the psychological approaches that is effective on the betterment of many of the psychological and personality disorders such as body image disorder as well as improvement of self-esteem. The aim of this randomized control trial is to recognize the effects of cognitive-behavior counseling during pregnancy period on self-esteem, body image (primary outcome) and exclusive breastfeeding (secondary outcome).Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 eligible pregnant women referring to health centers of Tabriz-Iran were assigned to two groups of 35 as intervention and control groups using randomized blocking method. For intervention group, 8 sessions of cognitive-behavior therapy based on Cash and Strachan’s therapeutic protocol for body image and Michael Free’s for self-esteem were performed. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and multidimensional body self-relation questionnaire (MBSRQ) were completed before intervention, immediately after intervention, and 4 weeks after delivery. Likewise, exclusive breastfeeding questionnaire was completed 4 weeks after childbirth. Independent t-test, chi square and repeated measures ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data. Results: According to repeated measures ANOVA test and with controlling baseline score, the mean scores on self-esteem (adjusted mean difference (AMD): 7.18; 95%CI: 4.43 to 9.94; p<0.001) and body image (AMD: 49.74; 95%CI: 70.91 to 28.54; p<0.001) in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. 63.6% of intervention group mothers and 30.3% of control group mothers had exclusive breastfeeding which for the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group based on chi square test (p=0.007). Conclusions: Cognitive-behavior approach was effective on the improvement of self-esteem and body image and through which might lead to the increase of exclusive breastfeeding among women. Trial register number: Iranian registry clinical trials (IRCT20110524006582N33). Date of registration: 2020-8-19. URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/43395.

scholarly journals The Effect of Counseling With Cognitive Behavior Approach on Self-esteem and Body Image in Lactating Mothers: Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zamiri-Miandoab ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Fatemeh Nemati ◽  
mahin kamalifard
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova

Abstract BackgroundSelf-esteem and body image are the factors that change during different periods of a women’s life. Some of the women experience low self-esteem and negative body image in pregnancy and postpartum. These two factors along with other factors can reduce the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among women. Cognitive-behavior therapy is one of the psychological approaches that is effective on the betterment of many of the psychological and personality disorders such as body image disorders as well as improvement of self-esteem. The aim of this randomized control trial is to recognize the effects of cognitive-behavior counseling during pregnancy period on self-esteem, body image (primary outcome) and exclusive breastfeeding (secondary outcome).Methodsin this randomized controlled trial, 70 eligible pregnant women referring to health centers of Tabriz- Iran were assigned to two groups of 35 as intervention and control groups using randomized blocking method. For intervention group, 8 sessions of cognitive-behavior therapy based on Cash and Strachan’s body image protocol and Michael Freeʼs for self-esteem were performed.Rosenberg self-esteem scale and multidimensional body self-relation questionnaire (MBSRQ) were completed before intervention, immediately after intervention and 4 weeks after delivery. Likewise, exclusive breastfeeding questionnaire was completed 4 weeks after childbirth. Independent t-test, chi square and repeated measures ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsAccording to repeated measures ANOVA test and with controlling baseline score, the mean scores on self-esteem (adjusted mean difference (AMD): 7.18; 95%CI: 4.43 to 9.94; p<0.001) and body image (AMD: 49.74; 95%CI: 70.91 to 28.54; p<0.001) in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. 63.6 % of intervention group mothers and 30.3% of control group mothers had exclusive breastfeeding which for the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group based on chi square test (p=0.007). Conclusionscognitive-behavior approach was effective on the improvement of self-esteem and body image and through which might lead to the increase of exclusive breastfeeding among women. Trial register number: Iranian registry clinical trials (IRCT20110524006582N33). Date of registration: 2020-8-19. URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/43395.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Snoezelen Room on Fear, Anxiety, and Satisfaction of Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyam Momeni ◽  
Mansoureh Jamshidimanesh ◽  
Hadi Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interventional Group

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are natural phenomena in a women’s life, associated with stress and anxiety, leading to adverse effects in the mother and fetus. Using complementary medicine, such as aromatherapy, music, light radiation, and aquariums in an environment that engage a person’s multiple senses can make mothers relax through mental deviations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Snoezelen room on fear, anxiety, and satisfaction of childbirth’s nulliparous women. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 130 eligible women in a selected hospital affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. One hundred thirty women were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 65) and control (n = 65) groups using six modes blocks using the convenient sampling method. The delivery room was designed to distract women’s minds in the intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, Harman’s Childbirth Attitude questionnaire (CAQ), Visual Analogue scale (VAS) to measure childbirth anxiety, and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni and chi-square tests. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in fear in the active phase and postpartum in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Anxiety showed a significant difference and was lower at dilatation of 6 to 7 and 7 to 8 cm, and after childbirth in the interventional group. The satisfaction of childbirth significantly increased in the interventional group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results confirmed the importance of a Snoezelen room in the childbirth of nulliparous women, which can promote vaginal childbirth.

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial of a Brief Self-Compassion Intervention for Perfectionism, Anxiety, Depression, and Body Image

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Woodfin ◽  
Helge Molde ◽  
Ingrid Dundas ◽  
Per-Einar Binder
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Adaptive Perfectionism

Objective: Due to a rise in perfectionistic tendencies and growing concerns about the increase in mental health conditions among students this study aimed to examine the effects of a brief intervention in self-compassion on maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety, depression, and body image.Methods: The intervention consisted of four seminars and a silent half-day retreat with short lectures and relevant experiential practices from Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). This randomized wait-list control trial was pre-registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT03453437, Unique Protocol ID: UiBMSC2018). University students were randomly assigned to the intervention group and wait-list control group and filled out surveys weekly. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups pre- and post-treatment. Mixed level modeling was used to analyze changes in all outcome measures over time.Results: Eighty-nine participants completed the intervention. Results of the ANOVA showed significant post-intervention reductions in maladaptive perfectionistic tendencies and symptoms of depression and anxiety, in addition to increased self-compassion and improved body image in the intervention group as compared to the wait-list group. Mixed level modeling showed statistically significant changes in self-compassion, maladaptive perfectionism, adaptive perfectionism, anxiety, and depression but not body image. Only the mixed level modeling showed small but significant changes to adaptive perfectionism, also called strivings. Implications of different changes to maladaptive perfectionism than adaptive perfectionism are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Foot Reflexology on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Tibia Plating Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Imani ◽  
◽  
Ebrahim Nasiri ◽  
Houshang Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Safdari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

Objective: One of the major problems of patients after orthopedic surgeries is acute pain. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology massage on postoperative pain in patients undergoing plating surgery for tibia fracture. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 96 patients who were candidates for tibia plating surgery referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnourd, Iran, randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Foot reflexology massage in the intervention group was performed on patients’ healthy feet for 10 minutes, one hour before surgery. In the control group, the foot sole was touched for one minute without any pressure. Pain intensity was measured using the standard Visual Analog Scale before and immediately after the intervention and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. Results: The baseline pain scores in the intervention and control groups were reported 8.1±0.9 and 8.4±0.9, respectively. After the intervention, the pain score in these groups was reduced to 6.9±1.1 and 8.1±1.0, respectively (P<0.001). At other times, up to 24 hours after surgery, the pain reduction was higher in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage reduces postoperative pain of patients undergoing tibia plating surgery. Therefore, this method can be used to reduce pain and anxiety in orthopedic surgery patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mobile Phone Reminders in Improving Adherence and Treatment Outcomes of Patients on Art in Adamawa State, Nigeria: A Ramdomized Controlled Trail

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Kabiru Usman Suru
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Group Data ◽  
And Control

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is very imperative in achieving successful treatment outcome and decreased risk of HIV transmission to uninfected people. This is a randomized controlled trial study conducted in Adamawa State, Nigeria. 244 patients were randomized to intervention or control group. Data obtained from the study was analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Frequencies distributions, descriptive statistics were presented, Inferential statistics such as Pearson Chi square, McNemar’s test, Paired T test, correlation and repeated measures ANOVA were used to measure the strength of associations and relationships between the various variables and probability of statistically significant level set < 0.05 at 95% Confidence interval. The response rates in the intervention and control groups were 99% and 96.7% at 3 months; 97.5% and 92.6% at 6 months, respectively. Individual socio-demographic characteristics were not found to be associated with adherence levels in this study. At six months follow up the proportion of the respondents who had good adherence (>95%) was higher (89.1%) and statistically significant (p= 0.001) in the intervention group compared to control group (63.1%) and (p= 0.617). A significantly higher frequency in missed clinic appointments (7.98 vs 1.68) (p=0.024) was noticed in the control group, and a statistically significant increase in the proportion of participants who reported an increase in weight (p=0.001), CD4 cells counts (p=0.001) and decrease in the presence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections were observed among patients in the intervention group.

scholarly journals The effect of ketamine on preventing postpartum depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Mina Alipoor ◽  
◽  
Marzeyeh Loripoor ◽  
Majid Kazemi ◽  
Farshid Farahbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind

Postpartum depression is a common disabling psychosocial disorder that could have adverse effects on the life of the mother, infant, and family. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ketamine on preventing postpartum depression in women undergoing caesarian sections considering the relatively known positive effect of ketamine on major depression. The present double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 134 women undergoing scheduled caesarian sections. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of control and intervention. To induce anesthesia, 1–2 mg/kg of body weight of Nesdonal and 0.5 mg/kg of body weight of ketamine were used in the intervention group, while only 3–5 mg/kg of body weight Nesdonal was administered in the control group. Data were gathered using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in three stages: before the caesarian section and two and four weeks after the caesarian section. Data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures and the Chi-square test. Results of the present study showed that the mean (± standard deviation) of the depression score in the intervention and control groups were 13.78±3.87 and 13.79±4.78(p = 0.98) before the caesarian section, 11.82±3.41 and 14.34±4.29 (p < 0.001) two weeks after and 10.84±3.48 and 13.09±3.79 (p = 0.001) four weeks after the caesarian section, respectively. Using ketamine in the induction of general anesthesia could be effective in preventing postpartum depression. However, further studies are required to strengthen these findings.

A Physical Education Program Based Upon an Obstacle Course Positively Affects Motor Competence in 6- to 7-Year-Old Children: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elly van Hyfte ◽  
Sien Vercruysse ◽  
Griet Warlop ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Group Time

Purpose: To investigate the effect of an obstacle course based physical education program, designed according to contemporary insights on motor learning, on motor competence (MC) of 6- to 7-year-old Flemish children. Method: Pupils from 16 primary schools were randomly allocated to either control (n = 173, 50.3% boys) or intervention group (n = 182, 54.9% boys). MC, assessed with the Körperkoordinationtest für Kinder (KTK), was analyzed with a 2 (Gender, girls vs. boys) × 2 (Group: INT vs. CON) × 3 (Time: pre vs. inter vs. post) Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: The MC in the intervention group improved more compared with the control group (Time × Group interaction, p < .001). Moreover, a shift to a more favorable MC classification is seen for all children in intervention group. Conclusion: The results underline the potential value of an obstacle course based PE program based and provide a gateway for optimization of the current PE programs.

The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Zamiri-Miandoab ◽  
Robab Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mahin Kamalifard ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior

Abstract Low self-esteem and negative body image expose girls to many risks and damages. Cognitive-behavior counseling is one of the ways of improving body image and self-esteem. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of cognitive-behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem of adolescent girls. The English (Cochrane library, Web of sciences, EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar) and Persian (SID, MagIran) databases were searched without any time limit. The quality of included studies in terms of risk of bias was assessed using Cochran handbook and the quality of evidence was evaluated through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. Heterogeneity of studies was analyzed by index I 2. Subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of outcome evaluation intervals (after intervention, one month and two months later). A total of 2,664 articles were accessed in different databases of which 2,655 articles were excluded and finally nine studies were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis results on seven studies (228 participants) showed that the group receiving cognitive-behavior counseling was significantly better than the control group regarding body image (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]: 13.01; 95% CI: 10.68 to 15.34; I²=26.1%). Likewise, meta-analysis results on two studies (50 participants) showed that self-esteem was not significantly different between the group receiving cognitive-behavior counseling and the control group (SMD: 1.13; 95% CI: −0.7 to 2.32, I²=73%). Meta-analysis results of this study represent effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on body image of adolescent girls; however, since the number of studies in the field of self-esteem is low, more trials in this field with stronger designs are suggested.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aerobic Walking on Sleep Quality, Stress and Life Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis a Randomized Control Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Control

Abstract BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of a randomized control trial about a goal-setting aerobic walking intervention conducted among sedentary young adults.MethodsA 4-week daily aerobic walking (a. continually walking for at least 10 minutes; b. walk at least 60 steps per minute.) intervention was conducted to examine its effectiveness on sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction. Fifty-four participants aged 19–36 years old were assigned into two groups randomly (i.e. intervention group, control group). Sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction were assessed at baseline, post intervention and four weeks after the intervention by a battery of questionnaires. Omron HJ-112 pedometer and daily diary were used to facilitate the intervention process.ResultsThe comparison between intervention group and control group did not show significant difference in terms of sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant longitudinal effect with regard to stress (p = 0.03). Sleep quality was improved close to statistical significance (p = 0.06). Longitudinal analysis reported that the aerobic walking effect pertaining to life satisfaction rather than stress and sleep quality (p = 0.05).ConclusionsAerobic walking is an effective exercise for stress and sleep. Further studies are suggested to explore feasible intervention strategies that could bring long-term effectiveness to health.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427696. Registered 11June 2020- retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04427696?cntry=HU&city=Budapest&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Effect of Mindfulness Yoga on Depression Severity, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Kang ◽  
Seyong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Alternative Treatment Strategy ◽  
Natural Healing

Background: We aimed to conduct a mindfulness yoga program to treat the psychological problems of middle-aged men by examining the effects of a mindfulness yoga program on depression, self-esteem, and quality of life in this population. Methods: The participants included 50 middle-aged men (aged 40–60 yr) living in Seongnam-si, Korea. Twenty-five men were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 25 were assigned to the control group. The mindfulness yoga program was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks, and each session lasted approximately 75 min. Before the first session, a pre-test was conducted, after which the program began. Questionnaires were completed after the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the program, and the control group underwent psychological tests at the same time points. A two-way (2 × 4) repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted, and when the interaction effect was significant, a post-hoc test (Bonferroni) was performed. Results: In the intervention group, depression severity significantly decreased (P<0.001) and self-esteem significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, the intervention group also showed a significant increase in psychological (P<0.001), social (P<0.001), and overall quality of life (P<0.001) among the sub-dimensions of quality of life. Conclusion: Middle-aged men should be made aware of the usefulness of mindfulness yoga and encouraged to participate in such programs. Mindfulness yoga may be considered as an alternative treatment strategy that promotes the natural healing and management of psychological issues faced by middle-aged men.  

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