Comparing the Effects of Rose Essential Oil and Benson Relaxation Technique on Preoperative Anxiety and Hemodynamic Status and Postoperative Complications in Rhinoplasty Candidates

Objective: Rhinoplasty is a stressful and challenging procedure for plastic surgeries. Researchers are looking for appropriate methods of traditional and complementary medicine to control anxiety before rhinoplasty. This study aims to compare the effects of Benson Relaxation Technique (BRT) and Rose essential oil on preoperative anxiety and hemodynamics and postoperative complications in rhinoplasty candidates. Methods: In this randomized intervention study, participants were 68 candidates for rhinoplasty referred to Zare Hospital in Sari, Iran who were randomly divided into BRT (n=34) and aromatherapy (n=34) groups. Anxiety was assessed before and after the intervention by Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Hemodynamic status, intraoperative bleeding, nausea and vomiting were assessed 24 hours after surgery. Results: The two groups were homogenous in terms of demographic characteristics. The level of overt anxiety decreased by 27.5% in the aromatherapy group and by 20.4% in the BRT group. The level of covert anxiety decreased by 27.2% in the aromatherapy group and by 20.8% in the BRT group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels decreased more in the aromatherapy group than in the BRT group. There was a significant difference in the number of pulses between the two groups after the intervention (P= 0.038). The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was 18.6±2.4 mL in the BRT group and 18.2±3.8 mL in the aromatherapy group (P= 0.626). Nausea, vomiting and surgeon satisfaction levels during the surgery were similar in the two groups Conclusion: Rose essential oil and BRT are recommended for patients before rhinoplasty due to reducing their preoperative anxiety and stabilizing their hemodynamic status.

Comparing the Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique and Aromatherapy With Rosemary Oil on Preoperative Anxiety in General Surgery Candidates

Objective: Anxiety is one of the most common problems of patients before surgery. This study aims to compare the effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique and aromatherapy with rosemary oil on preoperative anxiety in candidates for general surgery.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique and aromatherapy with rosemary on preoperative anxiety in candidates for general surgery. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques and aromatherapy with rose on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing general surgery was performed. Anxiety is one of the most common problems of patients before surgery. Anxiety is one of the most common disorders in patients prior to surgery Methods: In this clinical trial, participants were 90 patients who were candidates for general surgery referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran in 2018. After obtaining informed written consent from them, they were randomly divided into three groups: PMR (n=30), aromatherapy (n=30) and control (n=30). The intervention was performed one hour before the surgery. Data collection tools were a demographic form and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance in SPSS v.21 software.In both groups, the intervention was performed by the patient one hour before the operation. In both groups an hour before the operation was performed by the patient. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire, 21-item DASS anxiety scale. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires anxiety scale survey had 21 questions DASS. In this clinical trial, 90 patients who were candidates for general surgery referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord in 1398 were randomly divided into three groups: relaxation (30), aromatherapy (30) and control (30). In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing general surgery hospital Ayatollah Kashani In 1398 randomly into three groups: relaxation (30), aromatherapy (30) and control (30) were divided. In both groups, relaxation and aromatherapy techniques were performed by the patient one hour before the operation. In both groups, relaxation techniques and aromatherapy one hour before surgery was performed by the patient. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Data using SPSS version 21 was analyzed. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire, 21-item DASS Anxiety Scale (DASS 21). Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires anxiety scale survey had 21 questions DASS. In both groups, relaxation and aromatherapy techniques were performed by the patient one hour before the operation. In both groups, relaxation techniques and aromatherapy one hour before surgery was performed by the patient. Results: Mean pre-intervention anxiety score was 16.97±2.77 and 16.80±2.66 in the PMR and aromatherapy groups, respectively (P˃0.05), which decreased to 16.03±2.54 and 15.03±2.88 after the intervention (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety and the two methods were not superior to each other. But after the intervention, this difference became significant (P<0.05). But after this difference was significant (P<0.05). The results showed that the mean scores of anxiety before the intervention between the three groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Results showed that the mean score of anxiety before the intervention showed no significant difference between the three groups (P<0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the studied variable and the two methods of progressive muscle relaxation and aromatherapy were not superior to each other. Also compared between the two groups there was no significant difference variable and progressive muscle relaxation and aromatherapy superior to each other did not. Conclusion: PMR and aromatherapy with rosemary oil can be used in clinics to reduce the level of anxiety in patients before general surgery. According to the results of the study, it can be suggested that relaxation and aromatherapy be used to reduce the level of anxiety of patients before general surgery in the clinic. According to the results, it can be suggested that the relaxation and aromatherapy to reduce the level of public anxiety before surgery was clinical.

Some Clinical Features and Supportive Therapies in Covid-19 Patients Died in Hajar Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Objective: Due to the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and the resulting mortality as well as the lack of definitive treatment for this disease, various non-invasive and invasive drugs and treatments have been used around the world for reducing the effects of this disease or accelerating the treatment process, but the positive and definite effect of none of these methods has been confirmed and they have been effective only in some cases. This study aims to investigate some clinical features and supportive therapies in deceased COVID-19 patients in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical retrospective study was conducted on 100 Covid-19 patients died in Hajar Hospital in Tehran, Iran from February to September 2020. They were divided into two groups of with and without underlying diseases. After coordination and obtaining the necessary permission and informed consent, information was collected from the medical files of samples. Results: Mechanical ventilation, vasoconstrictor injection and blood products had been used as supportive therapies in deceased patients, where ventilation use (n=62, 62%) was significantly higher (P=0.01) compared to vasoconstrictor injection (n=28, 28%) and blood products (n=13, 13%). Most of deceased patients had an underlying diseases (79%). Hypertension, diabetes and heart problems were the most common underlying diseases. The disease severity, clinical manifestations, and mortality rate of deceased patients with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension were significantly different compared to those with other underlying diseases (P= 0.01). The age and gender of deceased patients had no significant relationship with the use of any supportive therapies (P≥0.01), but had a significant relationship with the underlying diseases (P≤0.01). Conclusion: The treatment methods that are the definite needs of the patient and have more favorable effects on the recovery process have a high value in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These patients need to use supportive therapies for purposeful and effective treatment. Mechanical ventilation is more important than injecting vasoconstrictors or using blood products.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Depression and Anxiety

Objective: Depression and anxiety are the most common psychological disorders with extensive pathophysiology overlap, genetic correlation, and comorbidities as well as high risk of recurrence and chronicity. Due to the side effects of medication and not achieving the expected result, the use of probiotics is considered as an adjunctive treatment option without serious side effects. Methods: This is a correlational study conducted in Spring 2020 on 279 people (76 males and 203 females) aged 20-40 years in Tehran, Iran who had at least a diploma and were selected by a convenience sampling method after declaring informed consent. For collecting data, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and a researcher-made probiotic consumption questionnaire were used and completed online. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multivariable regression analysis in SPSS v. 26 software. Results: Out of 279 participants, 209 (74.9%) had moderate probiotic consumption, 3.6% had good consumption and the rest had poor consumption. Probiotic consumption had significant negative correlation with depression (r= -0.183, P= 0.002) and anxiety (r= -0.122, P= 0.041). Despite the significant predictive power of probiotics for explaining depression, it had no significant power to predict anxiety. The regression coefficient was obtained as R=0.233; squared regression coefficient was R2=0.054, and P-values for depression and anxiety were 0.016 and 0.430, respectively. Conclusion: The use of probiotics may have reduce depression and anxiety. To obtain more accurate results, clinical trials on the use of probiotics are recommended.

The Effect of Reiki Therapy on Pain Control, Anxiety, Stress: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trial Studies

Objective: Due to the increasing use and tendency to complementary therapies, they can be used to relieve pain and reduce anxiety and stress in patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of Reiki therapy on the control of pain, anxiety and stress. Methods: This is a systematic review. A search was conducted on clinical trials published from 2016 to 2019 in databases such as SID, MagIran, Pubmed, Nursing Consult, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar using the keywords Pain, Reiki, Anxiety, Stress, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Results: Initial search yielded 154 articles. Of these, 131 were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria, and finally 23 eligible clinical trials were selected for analysis. Conclusion: The use of complementary therapies, including Reiki therapy, has different results in different people. It is recommended to perform various studies in different countries to evaluate the effectiveness of reiki therapy.

Hyperlipidemia and the Role of Blood Lipids According to Iranian Traditional Medicine

Objective: The first and most common cause of death in the world is due to cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia is one of the important and a critical controllable risk factors for these diseases. The connection between fat metabolism and a wide range of diseases, side effects of chemical drugs, and the increasing attention to the use of natural remedies reveal the necessity of further attention to the viewpoints of other schools of medicine, including complementary medicine. This review study aims to interpret hyperlipidemia from the perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). Methods: This is review study conducted based on a library method using the keywords related to hyperlipidemia to collect data through searching in online databases and ITM books. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. Results: Hyperlipidemia is mainly diagnosed by laboratory findings and often have no clear clinical symptoms. According to ITM, for diagnosing hyperlipidemia, attention should be paid to the role of liver, heart, and stomach along with the health principles and quadruple digestion. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia is a condition that can be either pathological or physiological. According to ITM, it occurs due to the imbalance of humors inside the arteries and leads to higher blood concentration and. In some cases, it can be due to a disease and in some cases, it can be caused by the body’s compensatory response. Paying attention to the views of ITM can be effective in preventing disease and improving therapeutic interventions.

A Critique of the Lack of Remote Rehabilitation Services Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic in Iran

N/A

Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and Loquat Leaf Extract Consumption on Liver Enzymes in Obese Men With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Loquat Leaf Extract (LLE) consumption on liver enzymes in obese men with NAFLD. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 men with NAFLD (BMI: 33.92±1.82 kg/m2) participated and randomly divided into four groups: HIIT (n= 10), LLE (n= 10), LLE+HIIT (n= 10) and control (n= 10). Exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 60 minutes with an intensity between 80-95% of heart rate reserve. Two capsules of 250 mg LLE was administrated daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention. Results: The results of paired t-test showed that the post-test serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the LLE+HIIT (P=0.01, 0.01, 0.01) and HIIT groups decreased significantly (P=0.02, 0.01, 0.001). These changes were not significant in the control and LLE groups (P≥0.05). The results of Tukey’s test showed that serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the LLE+HIIT and HIIT groups had the highest significant decrease (P=0.001) compared to the control group, while ALT and ALP serum levels in the LLE+HIIT group compared to the LLE group (P=0.03) and in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P=0.02) had the lowest decrease after eight weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It seems that consumption of LLE along with high- HIIT leads to a decrease in the level of liver enzymes in men with NAFLD. It is recommended that patients with NAFLD use this technique to improve their liver conditions.

The Effect of Damask Rose and Orange Blossom on Anxiety in Older Adults

Objective: Anxiety is often one of the biggest problems in human life and its consequences are quite noticeable. The use of medications for its control can cause side effects or drug dependence. Anxiety management, which is one of the most important nursing practices, can be done by non-pharmaceutical methods such as aromatherapy. This study aims to compare the effects of aromatherapy using the essential oils of damask rose and orange blossom on anxiety in older adults. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 older adults who were selected by using random numbers generated by RANDBETWEEN function in Excel. After obtaining a written informed consent from them, they were asked to inhale %10 damask rose essence for three nights. After one month, they underwent aromatherapy with %10 orange blossom essential oil. In each period, anxiety was measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test in SPSS v. 25 software considering a statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results: Although the GAS score was reduced after aromatherapy with both essential oil (P<0.001), the changes in GAS score were not significantly different in the two periods using damask rose and orange blossom essential oils (P=0.729). Conclusion: Aromatherapy with both damask rose and orange blossom essential oils can reduce anxiety in the elderly.

Effect of Resistance Exercise and Liposomal Vitamin C on Some Factors of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Biogenesis

Objective: Aging is associated with some changes in the liver function including increased collagen deposition and decreased mitochondrial function. This study aims to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise and vitamin C intake on the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and Mitofusin 1 (MFn1) genes and collagen deposition in older rats. Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on 25 male Wistar rats aged 24 weeks and weighted 280-320 g. They were randomly divided into five groups of young control, older exercise, older vitamin C, older exercise + vitamin C, and older control. In the supplementation groups, rats were given liposomal vitamin C (100 mg/kg per body weight) by gavage daily. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between the groups and Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine the location of group differences. For all analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Aging significantly reduced the expression of PGC-1α and MFn1 and increased collagen deposition in the liver tissue of rats (P=0.001). In the older exercise + vitamin C group, a significant increase in PGC-1α expression was observed compared to the older control group (P=0.001), but there was no significant changes in MFn1 expression. A significant decrease in collagen deposition was reported in the older exercise, older vitamin C, and older exercise + vitamin C groups compared to the older control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Resistance exercise combined with vitamin C intake reduces collagen deposition in liver tissue and increases PGC-1α expression in older rats.