scholarly journals An injectable refrigerated hydrogel for Inducing local hypothermia and neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuhan Han ◽  
ZhengZhong Han ◽  
Xuyang Huang ◽  
Feng Qian ◽  
Jun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Local Hypothermia ◽  
Whole Body Cooling

Abstract Hypothermia is a promising therapy for Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the clinic. However, the neuroprotective outcomes of hypothermia-treated TBI are not consistent in clinical studies due to several severe side effects. Here, an injectable refrigerated hydrogel is designed to deliver 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) to achieve a longer period of local hypothermia for TBI treatment. The hydrogel has four advantages: (1) It can be injected into injured site after TBI, where it forms a hydrogel and avoids the side effects of whole-body cooling. (2) The hydrogel can biodegrade and be used for controlled drug release. (3) Released T1AM can bind to trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) to produce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which induces hypothermia. (4) This hydrogel has an increased medical value due to its simple operation and ability to achieve timely treatment. This hydrogel is able to cool the brain to 30.25 ± 2.25 °C for 12 hours while maintaining the body temperature at 36.80 ± 1.75 °C after TBI. More importantly, the hypothermia induced by this hydrogel leads to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, the prevention of cell death, the reduction of the inflammatory response and brain edema, and the promotion of functional recovery after TBI. This cooling method can potentially be developed as a new approach for hypothermia treatment in TBI.

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

Indigenous Theory Building for Māori Children and Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury and their Extended Family

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hinemoa Elder
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Indigenous Theory

Background: International research identifies indigeneity as a risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Aotearoa New Zealand studies show that mokopuna (grandchildren; used here to encompass the ages and stages of infant, child and adolescent development and those in young adulthood) are significantly overrepresented in TBI populations. The important role of whānau (family) is also well established in child and adolescent TBI scholarship. Despite awareness of these factors, no studies have been identified that explore whānau knowledge about mokopuna TBI. The aim of this study was to explore two questions: (1) What do Māori people say about mokopuna TBI in the context of the Māori cultural belief that the head is the most sacred part of the body? and (2) How could this information be used to build theory that could inform addressing the rehabilitation needs of this group?Method: Eighteen marae wānanga (culture-specific fora in traditional meeting houses) were held. The wānanga typically lasted approximately 2 hours. Footage and written transcripts were analysed using Rangahau Kaupapa Māori (Māori indigenous research methods).Results: The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI proposes that TBI not only injures brain anatomy and physiology but also injures wairua (defined here as a unique connection between Māori and all aspects of the universe). Injury to wairua means that culturally determined interventions are both indicated and expected. The wairua theory of mokopuna TBI thereby provides a guide to intervention.Conclusion: A Māori theory of mokopuna TBI has been identified which describes a culture-specific aspect of TBI. This theory proposes that pre-existing whānau knowledge salient to TBI is critical to optimising recovery. Further research is needed to test this theory not only in TBI but also in other areas such as in mental illness, neurodegenerative disease and addiction.

scholarly journals Epac signaling protein ligands as tools for studying their biological activity and creating new original drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
G. V. Mokrov ◽  
T. D. Nikiforova ◽  
S. A. Kryzhanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Protein Ligands ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Structure And Functions

The review discusses modern views about the structure and functions of Epac proteins (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate). The involvement of Epac proteins both in the regulation of the physiological functions of the body and in the initiation of various pathological processes allows to consider them as a fundamentally new biological target for creating original, highly effective drugs. Information on existing Epac protein agonists and antagonists was collected, and the influence of Epac ligands structure on the values of their affinity and selectivity was analyzed. Presumptive mechanisms of the interaction of ligands with Epac proteins are presented.

scholarly journals Cognitive Training in Young Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Fixel-Based Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Verhelst ◽  
Diana Giraldo ◽  
Catharine Vander Linden ◽  
Guy Vingerhoets ◽  
Ben Jeurissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Time Point

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with altered white matter organization and impaired cognitive functioning. Objective. We aimed to investigate changes in white matter and cognitive functioning following computerized cognitive training. Methods. Sixteen adolescents with moderate-to-severe TBI (age 15.6 ± 1.8 years, 1.2-4.6 years postinjury) completed the 8-week BrainGames program and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and cognitive assessment at time point 1 (before training) and time point 2 (after training). Sixteen healthy controls (HC) (age 15.6 ± 1.8 years) completed DWI assessment at time point 1 and cognitive assessment at time point 1 and 2. Fixel-based analyses were used to examine fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and fiber cross-section (FC) on a whole brain level and in tracts of interest. Results. Patients with TBI showed cognitive impairments and extensive areas with decreased FA and increased MD together with an increase in FC in the body of the corpus callosum and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) at time point 1. Patients improved significantly on the inhibition measure at time point 2, whereas the HC group remained unchanged. No training-induced changes were observed on the group level in diffusion metrics. Exploratory correlations were found between improvements on verbal working memory and reduced MD of the left SLF and between increased performance on an information processing speed task and increased FA of the right precentral gyrus. Conclusions. Results are indicative of positive effects of BrainGames on cognitive functioning and provide preliminary evidence for neuroplasticity associated with cognitive improvements following cognitive intervention in TBI.

scholarly journals Guilty Molecules, Guilty Minds? The Conflicting Roles of the Innate Immune Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Claire Hellewell ◽  
Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease in the most complex organ of the body, whose victims endure lifelong debilitating physical, emotional, and psychosocial consequences. Despite advances in clinical care, there is no effective neuroprotective therapy for TBI, with almost every compound showing promise experimentally having disappointing results in the clinic. The complex and highly interrelated innate immune responses govern both the beneficial and deleterious molecular consequences of TBI and are present as an attractive therapeutic target. This paper discusses the positive, negative, and often conflicting roles of the innate immune response to TBI in both an experimental and clinical settings and highlights recent advances in the search for therapeutic candidates for the treatment of TBI.

A Numerical Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due to Ground Impact in an SUV-Pedestrian Crash Using Full-Scale Finite Element Models

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsutaka Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Ground Impact

A number of studies have worked on traffic injuries or traumas related to pedestrian impacts. However, most of them placed more focuses on traumatic injuries due to primary impact with a striking vehicle rather than those involved in secondary impact with the ground. In this study, a validated, human whole-body, pedestrian finite element model was utilized to investigate the potential risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) relevant to the ground impact as well as primary head strike in an SUV-to-pedestrian collision. By conducting a set of numerical experiments at impact speed of 25 and 40 km/h with pedestrian’s pre-impact, transverse, traveling speed of 1.3 m/s, it was found that ground impact is likely to cause serious TBI even in a low impact speed level. Although the post-impact kinematics and subsequent kinetics were considerably unpredictable due to the intrinsic complexity of pedestrian impact, this finding also suggests that impact speed does not necessarily contribute to the severity of pedestrian TBI involving vehicle with a higher profile. In the future, an effective countermeasure for ground impact should be taken into account to reduce the risk of sustaining serious TBIs in pedestrian crashes.

scholarly journals In Cold Blood: Intraarteral Cold Infusions for Selective Brain Cooling in Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elga Esposito ◽  
Matthias Ebner ◽  
Ulf Ziemann ◽  
Sven Poli
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brain Cooling ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Selective Brain Cooling

Hypothermia is a promising therapeutic option for stroke patients and an established neuroprotective treatment for global cerebral ischemia after cardiac arrest. While whole body cooling is a feasible approach in intubated and sedated patients, its application in awake stroke patients is limited by severe side effects: Strong shivering rewarms the body and potentially worsens ischemic conditions because of increased O2 consumption. Drugs used for shivering control frequently cause sedation that increases the risk of aspiration and pneumonia. Selective brain cooling by intraarterial cold infusions (IACIs) has been proposed as an alternative strategy for patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke. Preclinical studies and early clinical experience indicate that IACI induce a highly selective brain temperature decrease within minutes and reach targeted hypothermia 10 to 30 times faster than conventional cooling methods. At the same time, body core temperature remains largely unaffected, thus systemic side effects are potentially diminished. This review critically discusses the limitations and side effects of current cooling techniques for neuroprotection from ischemic brain damage and summarizes the available evidence regarding advantages and potential risks of IACI.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalova ◽  
Yu. Shidakov ◽  
D. Zhanuzakov ◽  
A. Mamytova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
White Male ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Today, the traumatic epidemic is gaining momentum around the world. Having a complex pathogenesis, many aspects of the development and impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the body remain undescribed. In particular, there is practically no information about the state of the body after a traumatic brain injury received in the highlands. The aim of the study is to establish the features of animal behavior, homeostatic blood parameters and functional morphology of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands. The work was performed on 46 white male mongrel rats. The low-mountain series of experiments was modeled at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek), the high-mountain series — at the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). The Weight Drop Method shock model was used to reproduce a traumatic brain injury. The ethology of animals was evaluated in the Open Field test. The lactic acid level was determined in the AQUA LAB (Bishkek). The microcirculation of the cerebellum was examined under the Olympus B×40 microscope (Japan). Statistical data processing was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. The visit to the outer squares of the field during TBI decreases (P<0.001) regardless of the height of the experiments, the number of racks in the highlands decreases by 60% (P < 0.001), the number of peeks into minks — by 76 % (P<0.01). The number of acts of defecation after TBI increases. The biochemical parameters of blood in TBI are characterized by an increase in the deficit of buffer bases to −3.8 mmol/l, a drop in the rate of oxygen consumption to 2.5 ml/min, an increase in the ratio between the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood and the rate of its consumption to 4.8 rel. unit, and the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is up to 5 mmol/l. The microcirculatory bed of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands is characterized by increased tortuosity, the appearance of swellings and interceptions along the course of blood vessels, activation of anastomoses, increased vascular porosity, hypercapillarization with erythrocyte sludge, parietal standing of leukocytes, the formation of blood clots in all parts of the vascular bed. There is vasogenic swelling of the cerebellum with the phenomena of dislocation of layers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document