scholarly journals Melatonin Dependent Modulation in microRNAs Relative Expression Pattern and Levels of cfDNA in Mature Oocytes of Unexplained Infertile Patients.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Latif Khan ◽  
Shahzad bhatti ◽  
Sana abbas ◽  
Celal Kaloglu ◽  
Syeda Qurat-ul-ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Day 3 Embryos ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract BackgroundIntrafollicular melatonin maintains the DNA integrity of granulosa cells and protects them against apoptosis. This ubiquitous indoleamine compound serves as a potent free radical scavenger. It reduces oxidative stress and modulates DNA damage response, which improves oocyte's quality with a higher fertilization rate.Methods:This prospective study was designed to investigate the antioxidant property of intrafollicular melatonin and its impact on IVF outcome parameters by exploring the relative expression of five microRNAs (miR-663b, miR-320a, miR-766-3p, miR-132-3p, and miR-16-5p) and levels of cfDNA by real-time PCR in unexplained infertile patients. We collected 425 follicular fluid (ff) samples containing mature oocytes from 295 patients undergoing IVF. Results:Patients were sub-grouped based on intrafollicular melatonin concentration (Group A; ≤ 30 pg/mL, Group B; >70 to ≤110 pg/mL), Group C; >111 to ≤ 385 pg/mL). Our results showed that patients with ≤ 30 pg/mL intrafollicular melatonin levels have a significantly higher cfDNA levels and lower relative expression of miR-663b, miR-320a, miR-766-3p, miR-132-3p, and miR-16-5p compared to other subgroups (p<0.001). Similarly, they have a low fertilization rate and a reduced number of high-quality day 3 embryos. For the probability of obtaining a good quality embryo, miRNAs had AUC value of 0.89 [95% Cl; 0.71; 0.93] with 87% sensitivity and 83 % specificity (p = 0.001), whereas cfDNA have AUC value 0.76 [cut-off points, 95% Cl: 0.61, 0.67; 0.85] along with 82.4 % senstivity and 66.7 % specificity.Conclusion:Conclusively, our study provided evidence that melatonin's antioxidant capability significantly impacts cfDNA concentration and miRNAs relative expression profile in the follicular microenvironment for optimal oocyte development and embryo quality. Therefore, it may be a potent non-invasive diagnostic tool to select high-quality day 3 embryos with such promise.

scholarly journals Can Melatonin Help Us in Radiation Oncology Treatments?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity. In addition to its antioxidant property, there have also been reports implicating antiapoptotic function for melatonin in normal cells. Furthermore, through its antitumor and radiosensitizing properties, treatment with melatonin may prevent tumor progression. Therefore, addition of melatonin to radiation therapy could lower the damage inflicted to the normal tissue, leading to a more efficient tumor control by use of higher doses of irradiation during radiotherapy. Thus, it seems that, in the future, melatonin may improve the therapeutic gain in radiation oncology treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotics on total salivary antioxidant level and physical properties of saliva: An ex-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mithra N Hegde ◽  
Mrinalini A
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Before And After

Background: Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of various diseases has already been established. Antioxidants act as free radical scavenger and prevent damage to cell, at the same time affects the metabolism of several pathogenic microbes. With increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance, alternative therapeutic treatment options are coming into picture. WHO claims probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system following antibiotic resistance. Even though there are several studies emphasising on the positive outcome of probiotics on diseases, their exact mechanism of action still remains debatable. The present study tried to unveil the antioxidant property of probiotics in saliva along with its effect on salivary pH and buffering capacity. Methods: Unstimulated saliva from 10 individuals were analysed for total antioxidant level, pH and buffering capacity using spectrophotometer, pH paper and buffering strips respectively, before and after probiotic intake for 2 weeks. Results: Probiotic intake led to increase in total salivary antioxidant level with no significant changes in pH and buffering capacity. Results obtained were statistically analysed using “paired t-test”. Conclusions: Probiotics are effective in increasing antioxidant level thereby minimizing cellular damage and hence can be used for prevention of several diseases. Also increase in antioxidant level can be easily assessed in saliva, thus, saliva can be used as a routine diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals The β-Blocker Carvedilol Prevented Ultraviolet-Mediated Damage of Murine Epidermal Cells and 3D Human Reconstructed Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengbing Chen ◽  
Sherry Liang ◽  
Ayaz Shahid ◽  
Bradley T. Andresen ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
P Cells

The β-blocker carvedilol prevents ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer, but the mechanism is unknown. Since carvedilol possesses antioxidant activity, this study investigated whether carvedilol prevents oxidative photodamage of skin, a precursor event in skin carcinogenesis. The effects of carvedilol, metoprolol (a β-blocker without antioxidant property), and 4-hydroxycarbazole (4-OHC, a carvedilol synthesis intermediate and a free radical scavenger) were compared on UV- or H2O2-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in murine epidermal JB6 P+ cells. Although carvedilol attenuated cell death, metoprolol and 4-OHC failed to show protective effects. As expected, increased cellular ROS induced by H2O2 or UV was abolished by carvedilol and 4-OHC, but not by metoprolol. Consistently, carvedilol attenuated the formation of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and release of prostaglandin E2 in JB6 P+ cells. Carvedilol’s activity was further confirmed in full thickness 3D human reconstituted skin, where carvedilol attenuated UV-mediated epidermal thickening, the number of Ki-67 and p53 positive cells as well as CPD formation. Based on pathway-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Array analysis, carvedilol treatment in many cases normalized UV-induced expression changes in DNA repair genes. Thus, carvedilol’s photoprotective activity is not attributed to β-blockade or direct ROS-scavenging capacity, but likely via DNA repair regulation.

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.

OPTIMASI KONDISI EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA AKTIF ANTIOKSIDAN DARI BIJI ANGGUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Azminah Azminah
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Reduced Pressure

In order to prepare standardized extract, optimization of extraction conditions of grape seed has been done. These conditions are type of menstrum (50, 70 and 96% of ethanolic solution), length of extraction (1, 2 and 4 hours) also method of evaporation (reduced pressure and opened air). Activity on free radical scavenger used as parameters to determine optimum conditions. Based on EC50 (concentration which scavenge 50% amount of free radical) can be concluded that optimum condition for extracting antioxidant active compound from grape seed are 70% ethanolic solution as menstrum, length of extraction 1 hour and evaporation on opened air use water bath.

Sperm DNA fragmentation measured by sperm chromatin dispersion impacts morphokinetic parameters, fertilization rate and blastocyst quality in ICSI treatments

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shikai Wang ◽  
Weihong Tan ◽  
Yueyue Huang ◽  
Xianbao Mao ◽  
Zhengda Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Morphokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Blastocyst Quality

Summary To determine the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns and embryo quality, this retrospective study analyzed 151 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles (1152 embryos collected) between November 2016 and June 2019. SDF was assessed using sperm chromatin dispersion. The cycles were divided into two groups based on the SDF rate: SDF < 15% (n = 114) and SDF ≥ 15% (n = 37). The embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns, and embryo quality were compared between the two groups. The morphokinetic parameters tPNf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, and t8 were achieved significantly earlier in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The fertilization and 2PN rates seemed to be significantly higher in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group, while the abnormal cleavage rates were similar. However, a significantly higher rate of chaotic cleavage (CC) was observed in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The D3 high-quality embryo and available embryo rates were similar between the two groups. The blastocyst formation, high-quality blastocyst, and available blastocyst rates in the SDF < 15% group were significantly higher than those in the SDF ≥ 15% group. With an increase in SDF level, the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates tended to decrease, while the miscarriage rate increased. This study demonstrated that SDF ≥ 15% reduces the fertilization rate of ICSI cycles and affects certain morphokinetic parameters. A higher SDF level can also induce a higher rate of CC, with subsequent decreases in the blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst quality.

scholarly journals Suppression of Inflammation-Associated Kidney Damage Post-Transplant Using the New PrC-210 Free Radical Scavenger in Rats

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Torsten R. Goesch ◽  
Nancy A. Wilson ◽  
Weifeng Zeng ◽  
Bret M. Verhoven ◽  
Weixiong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽  
Allograft Kidney

Allograft kidney transplantation, which triggers host cellular- and antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney, is a major contributor to kidney damage during transplant. Here, we asked whether PrC-210 would suppress damage seen in allograft kidney transplant. Brown Norway (BN) rat kidneys were perfused in situ (UW Solution) with or without added 30 mM PrC-210, and then immediately transplanted into Lewis (LEW) rats. 20 h later, the transplanted BN kidneys and LEW rat plasma were analyzed. Kidney histology, and kidney/serum levels of several inflammation-associated cytokines, were measured to assess mismatch-related kidney pathology, and PrC-210 protective efficacy. Twenty hours after the allograft transplants: (i) significant histologic kidney tubule damage and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in allograft kidneys; (ii) kidney function metrics (creatinine and BUN) were significantly elevated; (iii) significant changes in key cytokines, i.e., TIMP-1, TNF-alpha and MIP-3A/CCL20, and kidney activated caspase levels were seen. In PrC-210-treated kidneys and recipient rats, (i) kidney histologic damage (Banff Scores) and mononuclear infiltration were reduced to untreated background levels; (ii) creatinine and BUN were significantly reduced; and (iii) activated caspase and cytokine changes were significantly reduced, some to background. In conclusion, the results suggest that PrC-210 could provide broadly applicable organ protection for many allograft transplantation conditions; it could protect transplanted kidneys during and after all stages of the transplantation process—from organ donation, through transportation, re-implantation and the post-operative inflammation—to minimize acute and chronic rejection.

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