scholarly journals Can Melatonin Help Us in Radiation Oncology Treatments?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays, radiotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment regimen in various malignancies for curative or palliative purposes. Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce free radicals, which attack various cellular components. Radioprotectors act as prophylactic agents that are administered to shield normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity. In addition to its antioxidant property, there have also been reports implicating antiapoptotic function for melatonin in normal cells. Furthermore, through its antitumor and radiosensitizing properties, treatment with melatonin may prevent tumor progression. Therefore, addition of melatonin to radiation therapy could lower the damage inflicted to the normal tissue, leading to a more efficient tumor control by use of higher doses of irradiation during radiotherapy. Thus, it seems that, in the future, melatonin may improve the therapeutic gain in radiation oncology treatments.

scholarly journals Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents

2012 ◽  
pp. e16
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Mehran Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Research Show

Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which attack various cellular components. Radio-protectors act as prophylactic agents to shield healthy cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Past research on synthetic radio-protectors has brought little success, primarily due to the various toxicity-related problems. Results of experimental research show that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and herbal products and melatonin, are protective against the damaging effects of radiation, with less toxicity and side effects. Therefore, we propose that in the future, antioxidant radio-protective agents may improve the therapeutic index in radiation oncology treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotics on total salivary antioxidant level and physical properties of saliva: An ex-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Mithra N Hegde ◽  
Mrinalini A
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Before And After

Background: Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of various diseases has already been established. Antioxidants act as free radical scavenger and prevent damage to cell, at the same time affects the metabolism of several pathogenic microbes. With increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance, alternative therapeutic treatment options are coming into picture. WHO claims probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system following antibiotic resistance. Even though there are several studies emphasising on the positive outcome of probiotics on diseases, their exact mechanism of action still remains debatable. The present study tried to unveil the antioxidant property of probiotics in saliva along with its effect on salivary pH and buffering capacity. Methods: Unstimulated saliva from 10 individuals were analysed for total antioxidant level, pH and buffering capacity using spectrophotometer, pH paper and buffering strips respectively, before and after probiotic intake for 2 weeks. Results: Probiotic intake led to increase in total salivary antioxidant level with no significant changes in pH and buffering capacity. Results obtained were statistically analysed using “paired t-test”. Conclusions: Probiotics are effective in increasing antioxidant level thereby minimizing cellular damage and hence can be used for prevention of several diseases. Also increase in antioxidant level can be easily assessed in saliva, thus, saliva can be used as a routine diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Radioprotection by curcumin: A mini review

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
P Sruthi ◽  
M M Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ionizing radiations are detrimental to the biological system. Exposure to ionizing radiations results in many chronic diseases including cancer. It may cause dysfunctions to almost all organs of the body depending on the total dose, duration and site of irradiation. Apart from its bad effect, radiotherapy is now extensively used for the treatment of several kinds of cancers. Still, the key disadvantage in the procedure is that normal cell, in the surrounding area of the tumor, also receiving radiation doses similar to the tumor, leads to undesirable side effects and risk to patients. Curcumin has been found to protect harmful effects of ionizing radiation. So, it can be beneficial during radiotherapy of cancer. Curcumin helps to kill tumor cells effectively by enhancing the effect of radiation. It also protects normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation. Pre clinical studies are expected to lead to clinical trials to prove the potential of this age-old golden spice for treating cancer patients. This review summarizes the protective effect of curcumin against harmful radiations.

scholarly journals The β-Blocker Carvedilol Prevented Ultraviolet-Mediated Damage of Murine Epidermal Cells and 3D Human Reconstructed Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengbing Chen ◽  
Sherry Liang ◽  
Ayaz Shahid ◽  
Bradley T. Andresen ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
P Cells

The β-blocker carvedilol prevents ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin cancer, but the mechanism is unknown. Since carvedilol possesses antioxidant activity, this study investigated whether carvedilol prevents oxidative photodamage of skin, a precursor event in skin carcinogenesis. The effects of carvedilol, metoprolol (a β-blocker without antioxidant property), and 4-hydroxycarbazole (4-OHC, a carvedilol synthesis intermediate and a free radical scavenger) were compared on UV- or H2O2-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in murine epidermal JB6 P+ cells. Although carvedilol attenuated cell death, metoprolol and 4-OHC failed to show protective effects. As expected, increased cellular ROS induced by H2O2 or UV was abolished by carvedilol and 4-OHC, but not by metoprolol. Consistently, carvedilol attenuated the formation of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and release of prostaglandin E2 in JB6 P+ cells. Carvedilol’s activity was further confirmed in full thickness 3D human reconstituted skin, where carvedilol attenuated UV-mediated epidermal thickening, the number of Ki-67 and p53 positive cells as well as CPD formation. Based on pathway-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Array analysis, carvedilol treatment in many cases normalized UV-induced expression changes in DNA repair genes. Thus, carvedilol’s photoprotective activity is not attributed to β-blockade or direct ROS-scavenging capacity, but likely via DNA repair regulation.

scholarly journals Melatonin Dependent Modulation in microRNAs Relative Expression Pattern and Levels of cfDNA in Mature Oocytes of Unexplained Infertile Patients.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Latif Khan ◽  
Shahzad bhatti ◽  
Sana abbas ◽  
Celal Kaloglu ◽  
Syeda Qurat-ul-ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Day 3 Embryos ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract BackgroundIntrafollicular melatonin maintains the DNA integrity of granulosa cells and protects them against apoptosis. This ubiquitous indoleamine compound serves as a potent free radical scavenger. It reduces oxidative stress and modulates DNA damage response, which improves oocyte's quality with a higher fertilization rate.Methods:This prospective study was designed to investigate the antioxidant property of intrafollicular melatonin and its impact on IVF outcome parameters by exploring the relative expression of five microRNAs (miR-663b, miR-320a, miR-766-3p, miR-132-3p, and miR-16-5p) and levels of cfDNA by real-time PCR in unexplained infertile patients. We collected 425 follicular fluid (ff) samples containing mature oocytes from 295 patients undergoing IVF. Results:Patients were sub-grouped based on intrafollicular melatonin concentration (Group A; ≤ 30 pg/mL, Group B; >70 to ≤110 pg/mL), Group C; >111 to ≤ 385 pg/mL). Our results showed that patients with ≤ 30 pg/mL intrafollicular melatonin levels have a significantly higher cfDNA levels and lower relative expression of miR-663b, miR-320a, miR-766-3p, miR-132-3p, and miR-16-5p compared to other subgroups (p<0.001). Similarly, they have a low fertilization rate and a reduced number of high-quality day 3 embryos. For the probability of obtaining a good quality embryo, miRNAs had AUC value of 0.89 [95% Cl; 0.71; 0.93] with 87% sensitivity and 83 % specificity (p = 0.001), whereas cfDNA have AUC value 0.76 [cut-off points, 95% Cl: 0.61, 0.67; 0.85] along with 82.4 % senstivity and 66.7 % specificity.Conclusion:Conclusively, our study provided evidence that melatonin's antioxidant capability significantly impacts cfDNA concentration and miRNAs relative expression profile in the follicular microenvironment for optimal oocyte development and embryo quality. Therefore, it may be a potent non-invasive diagnostic tool to select high-quality day 3 embryos with such promise.

scholarly journals Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Ehsan Mihandoost ◽  
Seied Rabie Mahdavi ◽  
Mehran Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Research Show

Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which attack various cellular components. Radio-protectors act as prophylactic agents to shield healthy cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Past research on synthetic radio-protectors has brought little success, primarily due to the various toxicity-related problems. Results of experimental research show that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and herbal products and melatonin, are protective against the damaging effects of radiation, with less toxicity and side effects. Therefore, we propose that in the future, antioxidant radio-protective agents may improve the therapeutic index in radiation oncology treatments.

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.

OPTIMASI KONDISI EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA AKTIF ANTIOKSIDAN DARI BIJI ANGGUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Azminah Azminah
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Reduced Pressure

In order to prepare standardized extract, optimization of extraction conditions of grape seed has been done. These conditions are type of menstrum (50, 70 and 96% of ethanolic solution), length of extraction (1, 2 and 4 hours) also method of evaporation (reduced pressure and opened air). Activity on free radical scavenger used as parameters to determine optimum conditions. Based on EC50 (concentration which scavenge 50% amount of free radical) can be concluded that optimum condition for extracting antioxidant active compound from grape seed are 70% ethanolic solution as menstrum, length of extraction 1 hour and evaporation on opened air use water bath.

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