scholarly journals Epidemiological Investigation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyan Yao ◽  
Yini Wang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background. At present, most research on HLH focus on etiology and therapy, leaving few epidemiological reports. The published studies of China are mainly regional investigations. We aim to present the overall epidemiological status of HLH in China, and provide Chinese data for the international HLH epidemiological investigation. Methods. The data of HLH cases in China in 2019 was collected and statistically analyzed. Findings. Among 1445 cases in 31 areas, EBV accounting for 44.01% is the most common cause. Lymphoma-associated HLH patients are mostly males (P<0.05) while rheumatic and immune-associated HLH mostly females (P<0.001). Children have mainly primary HLH and EBV-associated HLH (P<0.001) while adults mostly tumor-associated HLH. Lymphoma-associated HLH is positively correlated with the age of onset (P<0.01). The diagnosis rate of 29 areas has a significant correlation with per capita Gross domestic product (P<0.05). Conclusion. The etiology distribution of HLH in different age and sex is different, assisting clinicians with the diagnosis of HLH; The diagnosis rate of regions with a high incidence of HLH in China is not ideal as the result of the effect of the local economic level indicating the importance of improving the regional medical level.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyan Yao ◽  
Yini Wang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Currently, most research on hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have focused on etiology and therapy, leaving few epidemiological reports. The published studies of China are mainly regional investigations. We aimed to present the overall epidemiological status of HLH in China, and provide Chinese data for the international HLH epidemiological investigation. Methods The data of HLH cases in China in 2019 were collected and statistically analyzed. Findings Epstein-Barr virus accounted for 44.01% of the 1445 cases in 31 regions and was the most common cause. Lymphoma-associated HLH patients were more often male (P < 0.05) while rheumatic and immune-associated HLH were more often female (P < 0.001). Primary HLH and Epstein-Barr Virus-associated HLH were predominant in children (P < 0.001) while tumor-associated HLH was predominant in adults. Lymphoma-associated HLH was positively correlated with the age of onset (P < 0.01). The diagnosis rate of 29 areas had a significant correlation with per capita Gross domestic product (P < 0.05). Conclusion The different distribution of HLH etiology by age and gender contributes to the diagnosis of HLH by clinicians; The suboptimal diagnosis rate in regions with a high incidence of HLH in China is a result of the effect of the local economic level indicating the importance of improving the regional medical level.

Abstract P360: Hypertension Treatment Rates And Health Worker Density: An Analysis Of Worldwide Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Mondira Ray ◽  
Valentin Fuster ◽  
Ellen Magenheim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading global risk for mortality and its prevalence is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension treatment rates are low worldwide, potentially in part due to insufficient human resources. However, the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates is unknown. Objective: To conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates worldwide. Methods: Hypertension treatment rates were collected from published reports between 1980 and 2010. Data on health worker (physician and nurse) density were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). Data for potential confounding variables--per capita gross domestic product, hospital bed density, burden of infectious diseases, land area and urban population--were obtained from WHO and World Bank databases. Potential interaction by per capita gross domestic product was evaluated. Multivariable logistic-logarithmic regression analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Full data were available from 146 countries spanning all World Bank income classification categories. Health worker density was significantly associated with hypertension treatment rate in the unadjusted model (beta = 0.23; p < 0.005). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained positive but was not statistically significant (beta = 0.30; p = 0.078) (Figure). Hypertension treatment rates were more strongly related to physician than nurse density (beta = 0.21 vs 0.08; p = 0.10 vs 0.49). Conclusion: Hypertension treatment rates across the world appear to be related to health worker density, although the relationship does not achieve strict statistical significance. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in health worker density is associated with a 2-3% increase in hypertension treatment rate. Given the global burden of hypertension and other chronic diseases, WHO guidelines for health workforce staffing may need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals The European Union’s Recovery Plan: A Critical Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Papanikos
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Member States ◽  
Recovery Plan ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

This article reviews the European Union’s Recovery Plan to cope with COVID-19 by examining two of its main hypotheses. I primarily use Greece as a case study of those who benefit from receiving funds, and in some cases Germany, because it played, and still plays, an instrumental role in promoting this unfounded idea of transferring European taxpayers’ money to the hands of national politicians. First, it was alleged that the health situation is improving. Second, the pandemic increases economic divergence between member states. The stylized facts so far do not seem to support either hypothesis. Since the July Summit of the European Council, the epidemiological situation has worsened as measured by deaths and cases. Data on per capita Gross Domestic Product released by the European Commission on 6 May 2020 show an unprecedented for peace years decline in economic growth rates for all 27 member states in 2020. The data estimations also assume a V-shaped recovery for 2021. However, the alleged hypothesis of economic divergence in 2020 and economic convergence in 2021 is not supported by the data themselves. The main conclusion of this study is that the economic impact cannot be fully ascertained if the pandemic is not permanently over and therefore the titanic EU spending of 750 billion euro cannot be based on the stylized economic and epidemiological facts. Keywords: European Union, pandemic, Covid-19, health, growth, public pending, recovery plan, Germany, Greece.

scholarly journals Is there a growing social acceptance of earnings inequalities in Poland?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Paweł Kumor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Stages

In our studies, we deal with the estimating of the optimal ranges of earnings – the optimal Gini indexes which are favourable to the maximisation of GDP growth in Poland. We suspect that the optimal Gini coefficients expressing the whole of society’s acceptance of earnings inequalities can increase. In the article, we formulated a hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. We verified the hypothesis on the basis of the model of economic growth using data from 1970 to 2007. We carried out econometric studies in two stages. In the first stage, we estimated the optimal Gini coefficients for short subsequent sub-periods. In the second stage, we studied the character of changes in the optimal Gini coefficients. In the studies, we proved the hypothesis on society’s habituation to increasing earnings disparities. The optimal Gini coefficients increase along with the increase of differences in earnings and the increase of the economic level per capita. The growth of the optimal Gini coefficients may be slowed down.

The Optimum Level of Income Inequality in South Asia: An Econometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 139156142110390
Author(s):  
Fahmida Khatun ◽  
Syed Yusuf Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita

Inequality in the distribution of income can be beneficial or detrimental for economic growth depending on the level of inequality. This study advocates that when income inequality is low, increase in income inequality increases economic growth, whereas when income inequality is high, increase in income inequality decreases economic growth. The level of inequality that maximizes economic growth is defined as the optimum level of income inequality. This article attempts to determine the optimum level of income inequality for South Asia through an econometric analysis. It uses panel data from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, over a 34-year period to undertake a systematic investigation using panel instrumental variables techniques. The results of this study confirm that an optimum level of income inequality does exist, and occurs at a Gini coefficient value of 0.4492. Thus, this research empirically confirms that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is non-linear. Further calculations show that for an economy that is at the optimum level of income inequality, the per capita gross domestic product can be expected to double within approximately 13 years, provided all other factors are held constant. However, a change in the Gini coefficient by 0.10 units in either direction—higher or lower—away from the optimum level, can increase the number of years for the per capita gross domestic product to double by 55 to 57 years, depending on the method of approximation. JEL: D31, D63, O15, O40

scholarly journals Uncommon Radiological Features of Chronic Arthritis in Childhood: A Review

1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M Ansell
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Growth Anomalies ◽  
Erosive Arthropathy ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Hands And Feet

Radiological changes depend on the age of onset as well as the pattern of disease present (Ansell & Kent 1977). Seronegative disease tends to be associated with modelling abnormalities of the epiphyses, loss of joint space and the late development of erosions, although an occasional polyarthritis following systemic disease has a very destructive arthritis and overall failure of growth. Pauciarticular disease is associated with growth anomalies of epiphyses and also metaphyses in asymmetrical fashion. In spondylitic children, enthesiopathies are marked and there is a high incidence of hip involvement. Seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis shows a severe erosive arthropathy early, combined with minor growth changes, particularly bony overgrowth in the hands and feet in the early teens. The hallmark of the psoriatic is the asymmetry and, in a few cases, the destructive nature of asymmetrically involved joints.

Renal involvement in other infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ramachandran ◽  
Vivekanand Jha
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Avoidable Death

Renal involvement has been described in patients with many other infections and this chapter discusses several of these.Water-borne infections are a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) worldwide but especially in tropical regions. Cholera is notoriously dangerous but any other cause of fluid-depletion may achieve the same. Typhoid fever is more likely to cause AKI from its complications than directly, but a small proportion of patients have glomerulonephritis.Meliodosis is caused by the intracellular organism Burkholderia pseudomallei. It typically affects workers in paddy (rice) fields in the rainy season, and may cause a local, genitourinary infection or an acute melioidosis septicaemia with a high incidence of AKI and mortality. Those with other chronic conditions are at greatest risk.Obstetric infections as a result of unsafe deliberate abortion or post-partum are a very common (often the most common) cause of AKI in developing countries, and a major cause of avoidable death in young women.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Jamaica

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Hickling
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Colonial Oppression

The intense historical relationship linking Jamaica and Britain to 300 years of the transatlantic slave trade and 200 years of colonialism has left 2.7 million souls living in Jamaica, 80% of African origin, 15% of mixed Creole background and 5% of Asian Indian, Chinese and European ancestry. With a per capita gross domestic product of US$4104 in 2007, one-third of the population is impoverished, the majority struggling for economic survival. The prevailing religion is Protestant, although the presence of African retentions such as Obeah and Pocomania are still widely and profoundly experienced, and the powerful Rastafarian movement emerged as a countercultural religious force after 1930. The paradox and contradictions of five centuries of Jamaican resistance to slavery and colonial oppression have spawned a tiny, resilient, creative, multicultural island people, who have achieved a worldwide philosophical, political and religious impact, phenomenal sporting prowess, astonishing musical and performing creativity, and a criminal underworld that has stunned by its propensity for violence.

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