The Effect of Co-Administration of Portulaca Oleracea and Plantago Psyllium Plus Submaximal Swimming Training on Memory Deficit in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Abstract Many studies have assessed the effect of exercise training and the use of various herbs on the cognitive deficit in type-2 diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of a combination of two traditional plants, Portulaca oleracea and Plantago psyllium, and swimming training on cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (weight: 275±25g) were selected. Type-2 diabetes was induced by a single IP injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Then, the subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: control-healthy (Con), control-diabetic (D), diabetic-training (D+Tr), diabetic-P.oleracea plus P. psyllium (D+PO+PP), and diabetic- P.oleracea plus P. psyllium plus training groups (D+PO+PP+Tr). Training groups were subjected to submaximal swimming training for 12 weeks (5 days per week). Learning abilities and memory retention were evaluated using shuttle box, elevated plus maze, open field, and novel recognition object tests. Step-through latency period in retention phase in the shuttle box test and discrimination index in the novel recognition object test increased in response to the simultaneous use of two herbal medicines. Swimming training had no effect on learning and memory indices in diabetic rats, but co-administration of P. oleracea and P. psyllium with swimming training for 12 weeks ameliorated passive avoidance memory, general locomotor activity, and exploratory behavior in diabetic rats. These results indicated that co-administration of P. oleracea and P. psyllium with submaximal swimming training for 12 weeks can reverse the cognitive impairment present in type-2 diabetic rats.

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Swimming training and Plantago psyllium ameliorate cognitive impairment and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats

The Journal of Physiological Sciences ◽

10.1186/s12576-021-00823-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hesam Parsa ◽

Zahra Moradi-Khaligh ◽

Sara Rajabi ◽

Kamal Ranjbar ◽

Alireza Komaki

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Swimming Training ◽

Plantago Psyllium ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractBrain malfunction is common in diabetic patients. On the other hand, a growing body of research points to the beneficial effect of medicinal plants and exercise training on insulin sensitivity and brain function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of swimming training and Plantago psyllium (mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 5%) on learning and memory impairment and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 10 healthy and 40 rats with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to five groups: healthy sedentary control group (Con), sedentary diabetic group (D), diabetic group subjected to swimming training (D + Tr), diabetic group receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps), and diabetic group subjected to swimming training and receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps + Tr). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) separately with 15 min intervals. Experimental groups were treated with swimming training and P. psyllium independently and simultaneously for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and food intake were measured and also, glucose tolerance was evaluated by glucose area under the curve (AUCg) using an oral glucose tolerance test. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory were evaluated by shuttle box test and cognitive memory was assessed by novel object recognition (NOR) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in food intake, lipid profile, and AUCg compared to healthy rats. Step-through latency in the PAL acquisition trial (STL-a) and retention test (STL-r) were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in the control group. In the diabetic group without treatment, time spent in the dark compartment increased compared to the control group in the shuttle box test. Discrimination index and distance traveled reduced in diabetic rats. On the other hand, swimming training and P. psyllium alleviated food intake, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Also, the STL-a, STL-r, discrimination index, and distance travelled in the D + Ps + Tr group were significantly more than the diabetic group. Results showed that 12 weeks of swimming training and receiving P. psyllium improved memory deficit in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats possibly through hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. These results suggest that the administration of swimming training and P. psyllium simultaneously might be an effective intervention for the treatment of diabetes-induced behavioral deficits.

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Swimming training attenuates pancreatic apoptosis through miR-34a/Sirtu in1/P53 Axis in high-fat diet and Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 diabetic rats

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-020-00670-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Alipour ◽

Roya Naderi ◽

Alireza Alihemmati ◽

Roghayeh Sheervalilou ◽

Rafighe Ghiasi

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Swimming Training ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Alteration of the intestinal barrier and GLP2 secretion in Berberine-treated type 2 diabetic rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-13-0184 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 218 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C Y Shan ◽

J H Yang ◽

Y Kong ◽

X Y Wang ◽

M Y Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Junction Protein ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

For centuries, Berberine has been used in the treatment of enteritis in China, and it is also known to have anti-hyperglycemic effects in type 2 diabetic patients. However, as Berberine is insoluble and rarely absorbed in gastrointestinal tract, the mechanism by which it works is unclear. We hypothesized that it may act locally by ameliorating intestinal barrier abnormalities and endotoxemia. A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats. Berberine (100 mg/kg) was administered by lavage to diabetic rats for 2 weeks and saline was given to controls. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance improved in the Berberine group, although there was no significant decrease in blood glucose. Berberine treatment also led to a notable restoration of intestinal villi/mucosa structure and less infiltration of inflammatory cells, along with a decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level. Tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO1) was also decreased in diabetic rats but was restored by Berberine treatment. Glutamine-induced glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) secretion from ileal tissue decreased dramatically in the diabetic group but was restored by Berberine treatment. Fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, plasma LPS level, and ZO1 expression were significantly correlated with GLP2 level. In type 2 diabetic rats, Berberine treatment not only augments GLP2 secretion and improves diabetes but is also effective in repairing the damaged intestinal mucosa, restoring intestinal permeability, and improving endotoxemia. Whether these effects are mechanistically related will require further studies, but they certainly support the hypothesis that Berberine acts via modulation of intestinal function.

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Elevated myocardial fructose and sorbitol levels are associated with diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients, and cardiomyocyte lipid inclusions in vitro

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-021-00150-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lorna J. Daniels ◽

Marco Annandale ◽

Parisa Koutsifeli ◽

Xun Li ◽

Carol T. Bussey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Neonatal Rat ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Diabetic Heart ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Lipid Inclusions ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractDiabetes is associated with cardiac metabolic disturbances and increased heart failure risk. Plasma fructose levels are elevated in diabetic patients. A direct role for fructose involvement in diabetic heart pathology has not been investigated. The goals of this study were to clinically evaluate links between myocardial fructose and sorbitol (a polyol pathway fructose precursor) levels with evidence of cardiac dysfunction, and to experimentally assess the cardiomyocyte mechanisms involved in mediating the metabolic effects of elevated fructose. Fructose and sorbitol levels were increased in right atrial appendage tissues of type 2 diabetic patients (2.8- and 1.5-fold increase respectively). Elevated cardiac fructose levels were confirmed in type 2 diabetic rats. Diastolic dysfunction (increased E/e’, echocardiography) was significantly correlated with cardiac sorbitol levels. Elevated myocardial mRNA expression of the fructose-specific transporter, Glut5 (43% increase), and the key fructose-metabolizing enzyme, Fructokinase-A (50% increase) was observed in type 2 diabetic rats (Zucker diabetic fatty rat). In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, fructose increased glycolytic capacity and cytosolic lipid inclusions (28% increase in lipid droplets/cell). This study provides the first evidence that elevated myocardial fructose and sorbitol are associated with diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients. Experimental evidence suggests that fructose promotes the formation of cardiomyocyte cytosolic lipid inclusions, and may contribute to lipotoxicity in the diabetic heart.

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Liraglutide alters DPP4 in the circumvallate papillae of type 2 diabetic rats

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-16-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xun Cao ◽

Xiao Zhou ◽

Xiao-Min Liu ◽

Li-Hong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Taste Buds ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Circumvallate Papillae ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide (GLP1) analog that partially inhibits dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), can decrease glucose levels and suppress appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). GLP1 and its receptor (GLP1R) also exist in the taste buds of rodents and regulate taste sensitivity. DPP4, a protease, functions in homeostasis of blood glucose, lipids, and body weight. Interactions among GLP1, GLP1R, and DPP4 likely affect taste and food-intake behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate DPP4 expression in the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae (CV) in T2DM rats, and determine the effects of liraglutide treatment. Rats were divided into diabetic control (T2DM-C), normal control (NC), and liraglutide-treated diabetic (T2DM+LIR) groups. DPP4 localization and gene expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. DPP4 immunoreactive cells were localized in the taste buds of the rat CV. RT-qPCR showed significantly higher expression of Dpp4 mRNA in both the taste buds and hypothalamus of T2DM-C rats compared with NC rats. However, in the T2DM+LIR group, Dpp4 expression differed between the taste buds and hypothalamus, with significantly higher and lower levels compared with the T2DM-C group, respectively. Dpp4 mRNA expression is increased in the taste buds of the CV of T2DM rats. Liraglutide simultaneously upregulated (taste buds) and downregulated (hypothalamus) Dpp4 expression in T2DM rats. Therefore, DPP4 may be closely associated with the anorexigenic signaling and weight loss induced by the treatment of liraglutide in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Escitalopram Ameliorates Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Modulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Downstream Signaling Cascades

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.579206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lamiaa A. Ahmed ◽

Nesma A. Shiha ◽

Amina S. Attia

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized as a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, studies have shown the prevalence of depression among people with diabetes. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on metabolic changes and cardiac complications in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by feeding the rats high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD) for 8 weeks followed by a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg, i. p.). Treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day; p. o.) was then initiated for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, electrocardiography was performed and blood samples were collected for determination of glycemic and lipid profiles. Animals were then euthanized and heart samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Escitalopram alleviated the HFFD/STZ-induced metabolic and cardiac derangements as evident by improvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers in addition to hypertrophy and impaired conduction. These results could be secondary to its beneficial effects on the glycemic control and hence the reduction of receptor for advanced glycation end products content as revealed in the present study. In conclusion, escitalopram could be considered a favorable antidepressant medication in diabetic patients as it seems to positively impact the glycemic control in diabetes in addition to prevention of its associated cardiovascular complications.

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Pleurotus tuber-regium inclusion in diet ameliorates dyslipidaemia in obese-type 2 diabetic rats

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00321-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akindele Oluwatosin Adeyi ◽

Folasade Ajoke Adams ◽

Clementina Oyinkansola Adenipekun

Keyword(s):

Edible Mushroom ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Obese Control ◽

Obese Diabetic Rats ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Pleurotus tuber-regium (P.T) is an edible mushroom with abundant polysaccharides that has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic potential and ameliorative activity of Pleurotus tuber-regium incorporated diet on diabetes induced dyslipidaemia. Materials and methods Thirty five (35) adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups; Normal control, diabetic control, obese control, obese diabetic control, 10% PT, 20% PT, and Drug control. Type II DM was induced by placing the animals on high fat diet for a period of 10 weeks and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg/BW). P. T was incorporated into the feed and given to the animals for two weeks daily after the confirmation of diabetes. Results Treatment of the obese diabetic rats with P. T supplemented diet caused a decrease in the blood glucose level compared to the control groups. Increased organo-somatic ratio of the kidney and heart were markedly (p < 0.05) reduced following treatment (20% P.T). Furthermore, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were reduced due to treatment accompanied by increased HDL-C in the liver. Histological evaluation of the liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas of the P. T treated groups were comparable to normal. Conclusion Incorporation of P. tuber-regium in diets could be effective in reversing dyslipidaemia in obese diabetic patients.

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Abstract 13376: Oral Treatment With a Zinc Complex of Acetylsalicylic Acid Prevents Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.13376 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz ◽

Samer Alsaid ◽

Tamás Radovits ◽

Shiliang Li ◽

Mihály Ruppert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Type 2 diabetic patients are at an increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure is a major cause of death amongst these patients. Growing evidence indicates that proinflammatory cytokines can cause sustained development of insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory medications may reverse this process. Hypothesis: We investigated the effects of an oral administration of zinc and acetylsalicylic acid in the form of bis(aspirinato)zinc(II) complex Zn(ASA)2 on different aspects of cardiac damage in the Zucker diabetic rat (ZDF), an experimental model of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods: The nondiabetic control and the diabetic ZDF rats were pretreated orally with vehicle or Zn(ASA)2 for 24 days. At the age of 30-32 weeks, both the electrical activity and the left ventricular (LV) structural/functional parameters were assessed via electrocardiogram and pressure volume (PV) conductance catheter system. Results: The Zn(ASA)2 treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose concentration (39.6±3.1 vs 50.4±2.6 mM), normalized the impaired LV contractility index (Emax 3.7±0.4 vs 1.9±0.6 mmHg/μl), the passive LV stiffness (end diastolic PV relationship: 0.064±0.008 vs 0.084±0.014 mmHg/μl), and the diastolic dysfunction (LV end diastolic pressure: 6.5±0.6 vs 7.9±0.7 mmHg). Furthermore, the ECG revealed a restoration of the prolonged corrected QT intervals (63±3 vs 83±4 ms, p<0.05) by Zn(ASA)2. A histological examination revealed an increase in the cardiomyocytes transverse cross section area in diabetic rats compared to the controls, which was significantly decreased after Zn(ASA)2. Furthermore, a significant increase in fibrotic formation was observed in the diabetic rats compared to controls, and Zn(ASA)2 administration showed similar collagen content in the ZDF+Zn(ASA)2 rats and in the nondiabetics. A significant increase in the density of TUNEL positive cell nuclei in the diabetic hearts, indicating DNA fragmentation, was significantly decreased by Zn(ASA)2. Additionally, in the diabetic heart, Zn(ASA)2 significantly decreased nitrotyrosine formation. Conclusions: The oral administration of Zn(ASA)2 may have therapeutic potential with the aim of preventing cardiac complications in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Ocular Inflammation in Uveal Tract in Aged Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats (Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats)

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2014/629016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yusuke Kemmochi ◽

Katsuhiro Miyajima ◽

Takeshi Ohta ◽

Tomohiko Sasase ◽

Yuzo Yasui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Uveal Tract ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Increased Susceptibility ◽

Lower Urinary

We report uveitis observed in an obese type 2 diabetes rat model, Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa(SDT fatty) rats aged over 50 weeks. The eyes of SDT fatty rats (16 animals: 7 males and 9 females with 50 or 60 weeks of age) were examined histopathologically. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the uveal tract was observed in 13 of 16 animals. One female showed severe inflammation affecting the entire uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid with a variety of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages). Those changes clinically mimic the findings of diabetic iridocyclitis in diabetic patients. Uveitis associated with diabetes can occur in diabetic patients but the pathogenesis still remains unknown. Since increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and abscess in the genital and lower urinary tracts were observed in some SDT fatty rats, increased susceptibility to infection, prolongation of inflammatory states, and disorders of the immune system were considered to be possible factors of the uveitis in aged SDT fatty rats. There have been few reports on how diabetes has influence on the development of uveitis associated with bacterial infection. The SDT fatty rat can be an animal model to investigate diabetes-associated uveitis.

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