scholarly journals Evaluation of Skeletal Jaw Relation by Different Cephalometric Angles for Sample of Kurdish Young Adults in Sulaimani City-A Cephalometric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiler Abdul Hammed Mohammed ◽  
Trefa Mohammed Ali ◽  
Zhwan Jamal Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Beta Angle

Abstract Background/Objectives An accurate evaluation of skeletal sagittal jaw relationship has an important role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study was done to establish cephalometric norms of all types of malocclusion using ANB, Wits appraisal and Beta angle, and evaluate the significance of W angle in comparison to these parameters. Subjects and Methods Ninety pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of male and female patients aged 18-28 years from Sulaimani City that met the sample criteria were traced digitally by the Easy Dent 4 software program. The sample was divided into three groups of skeletal malocclusion, class I, II, and III, based on ANB angle, Beta angle, and Wits appraisal, each group consisting of 30 patients. For each subject the following cephalometric parameters were measured: ANB angle, Beta angle, Wits apprasial, and W angle.Statistical analysis The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analyzing data. ANOVA test was used to compare means of the three study groups. The post-hoc test was used to compare each two groups, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the strength of correlation between two numerical variables, and coefficient of variability was used to measure the extent of variability of each variable in relation to the population. The p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsSignificant differences were found in the ANB angle, Beta angle, Wits appraisal and W-angle in all 90 patients. The coefficient of variability showed that Wits appraisal was the most variable parameter and W angle was the least variable parameter. Conclusions ANB angle, Beta angle, Wits appraisal and W-angle are significant parameters to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. The use of W angle, along with other parameters, can provide more accurate assessment of the sagittal skeletal jaw relationship as it has the least coefficient of variance; it should therefore enable better diagnosis and treatment planning for patients.

scholarly journals CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FOR GUJARATI CHILDREN - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
Purv Shashank Patel ◽  
Purv S Patel ◽  
M Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Orthodontists have relied on cephalometric radiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning since the advent of cephalometric radiography. The variations in different ethnic groups within the same country creates a need for cephalometric norms for each of such ethnic groups. McNamara’s analysis is the most commonly used and most suitable for diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim: The study aims to formulate cephalometric norms for Gujarati boys and girls using McNamara’s analysis. Materials & Method: The sample of children for the study was selected from the government funded primary schools of Gujarat. The sample size consisted of 250 school going Gujarati children (125 boys and 125 girls) with age ranging from 9 to 12 years. Materials & Method: A digital lateral cephalograph was taken under standard conditions for all children and manual tracings were done for identifying all cephalometric landmarks. The analysis was done using McNamara’s analysis and statistical analysis was done Statistical Analysis: Gender differences were calculated using student’s t test. The software was utilized to calculate the mean value, standard deviation, range, maximum and minimum values for all parameters of McNamara’s analysis for Gujarati boys as well as girls. The inter examiner variability was tested using Karl Pearson correlation test. Results: The mean and standard deviation with minimum values, maximum values and range for each of 11 parameters were calculated for all male and female subjects. The gender differences were also calculated for all subjects. Conclusion: This study introduces cephalometric norms for the mixed dentition period using McNamara Analysis for Gujarati children residing in Ahmedabad – Gandhinagar districts of Gujarat which can be utilized for orthodontic treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment Factors Affecting Post-treatment Velopharyngeal Incompetency in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated with Maxillary Rigid External Distraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
S. S. Agarwal ◽  
Sanjay Londhe ◽  
Rajat Mitra ◽  
Sanjeev Datana
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function

Introduction: Maxillary advancement (MA) with rigid external distraction (RED) to correct mid-face deficiency in adult cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP) may trigger velopharyngeal incompetency (VPI) post-surgically. Aim and objectives: To determine pre-treatment factors affecting worsening of post-surgical VPI in patients with repaired unilateral CLP who underwent MA with RED. Material and methods: Treatment records of 10 patients with unilateral CLP who underwent MA with RED were selected from institutional archives. All patients underwent clinical evaluation of velopharyngeal function at T1 (1 week before surgery) and T2 (3 months after surgery). Based on post-surgical VPI status, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (no change in VPI) and group 2 (worsened VPI). Lateral cephalograms were manually traced at T1 and T2 to determine the changes in length of soft palate (LSP) and pharyngeal depth (PD) at T2. The information regarding amount of MA and presence of pre-surgical VPI was obtained from case sheets of patients. Results: Mean LSP and PD at T2 were higher compared to T1 ( p-value < .001). No significant difference was observed in mean pre-surgical age, gender, pre-surgical LSP, and pre-surgical PD between the study groups ( p-value > .05 for all). The worsened VPI post-surgically was significantly associated with the presence of VPI pre-surgically and also with the amount of MA ( p-value < .05 for both). Conclusions: Amount of MA and presence of pre-surgical VPI are most important factors affecting post-surgical VPI. Prospective studies are recommended to validate the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Comparison of Wits Appraisal and APP-BPP to the ANB Angle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Sanzee Silwal ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Ujjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Sanjeev Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Introduction: Great emphasis has been given to the evaluation of sagittal apical base relationship in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Supposedly, the most commonly used parameter is “ANB angle”; however its accuracy and reliability have been questioned. Many authors have alternatively introduced linear parameters like Wits appraisal and APP-BPP. The objective of the study was to compare Wits appraisal and APP-BPP with the ANB angle. Materials & Method: This study was conducted on patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu. The sample included 100 lateral cephalograms of subjects of the age group 18–30 years with skeletal Class I relation. Parameters like ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP were measured to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Spearman’s test was done to evaluate the correlation between the parameters. Mann-Whitney U test was done to compare the parameters between male and female subjects. Result: Descriptive statistics showed that the mean values of ANB, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP were 2.26±1.19°, 0.38±0.87mm and 3.25±1.20mm respectively. Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference among the parameters between the gender groups (p>0.05). Spearman’s test showed significant correlation among the parameters ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP. The parameters had strong positive correlation as r value was greater than 0.7. Conclusion: The strong positive correlation between ANB angle, Wits appraisal and APP-BPP indicates that these parameters can be used as better adjunct to ANB angle in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals The applicability of centrographic analysis in pleasing craniofacial phenotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munish C. Reddy ◽  
Shivangi Gupta ◽  
Vaibhav Misra ◽  
Pradeep Raghav ◽  
Shishir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Context There has always been a need for nonnumeric facial analyses that would not compare an individual’s facial measurements with the preestablished norms, rather evaluate the facial form individually. This would help in diagnosis and treatment planning, unique to that individual. Aims The purpose of the study was to determine and establish a relation between skeletal, dental and soft tissue structures using centrographic analysis (CGA) in pleasing faces of Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods A total of 50 subjects (22 males and 28 females) with “most pleasing faces” were taken up for the study, within the age group of 20-25 years. Frontal facial photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken for all the subjects. Conventional cephalometric analysis and CGA were applied to each lateral cephalogram. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated, and an independent t-test was performed for calculating cephalomorphic norms and comparison between the male and female sample. Results The results showed that, the adults in the age group of 20-25 years, belonging to the Western Uttar Pradesh population have protrusive maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases and retrusive upper lip on contrary to a protrusive lower lip, though a sexual dimorphism was observed. The upper centroid and lower centroid values were statistically greater in women (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04 respectively) whereas, upper lip linear value was statistically greater in men. Conclusions The CGA is valid for Western Uttar Pradesh population. The Western Uttar Pradesh adults have protrusive mandible and a retrusive upper lip though there exists a sexual dimorphism. These practical centrographic norms can be used as an adjunct to the conventional cephalometric evaluation of an individual for diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Determination of Tweed's cephalometric norms in Bengali population

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Lalima Kumari ◽  
Anuranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish Tweed's cephalometric norms for Indian Bengali population and to compare it with Caucasian norms. Materials and Methods: The participants were of 50 adults with normal occlusion and pleasant profile. Lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position, and cephalometric norms were established using Tweeds diagnostic triangle. Results: The study showed more proclined lower incisors in comparison with Caucasians. The result of the study also indicated that separate norms should be considered for Bengali males and females during diagnosis and treatment planning as mean Frankfort mandibular angle value for females was found to be significantly higher than that of males (t 48= 2.97; P < 0.01) and the mean value of incisor mandibular plane angle for males was significantly higher than that of females. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for group-specific norms for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning and provide cephalometric standards for normal Bengali adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Correlation of Beta Angle with Wits Appraisal and ANB Angle in Various Skeletal Malocclusion Groups—A Cephalometric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep K. Bhullar ◽  
Arun K. Thakur ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Tanzin Palkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Class I ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Beta Angle

Abstract Introduction Sagittal skeletal discrepancies are frequently assessed by Wits appraisal and point A–Nasion–point B (ANB) angle. These angular and linear measurements depend upon various factors and sometime produced inaccurate results. Beta angle has been introduced recently and possesses significant advantage over ANB and Wits appraisal, because it is independent of cranial landmarks and dental occlusion. Aim To evaluate and correlate beta angle in various skeletal malocclusions and its correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle. Material and Methods The present study was carried out in Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 63 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (23 skeletal class I, 20 skeletal class II, and 20 skeletal class III) of patients aged between 14 to 25 years were included. Various landmarks and planes were identified and marked. Values of Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and beta angle were recorded. Comparisons of group were made with the chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to see relation between different values. Results Values of correlation coefficient of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle were –0.645 and –0.815, respectively. Conclusion Overall beta angle showed strong correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle, however correlation of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle among various skeletal malocclusion groups (skeletal class I, II, and III) was not statistically significant.

Evaluation of Prevalence of Hypodontia Based on Sex, Dental and Skeletal Relationship in Patients Admitted to Ahvaz Dental School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fataneh Ghorbanijavadpour ◽  
Vahid Rakhshan ◽  
Negin Ashoori
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dental Crowding

Introduction: Hypodontia is the most prevalent dental anomaly that might cause clinical complications. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypodontia in relation with sex in permanent teeth, skeletal malocclusion and dental crowding among orthodontic patients admitted to Ahvaz Dental School. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, dental casts, panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms related to patients that were admitted to Department of Orthodontics of Ahvaz Dental School during 2018-2019 were investigated, to establish the existence of hypodontia, type of skeletal relationship, age, sex and dental crowding in the permanent dentition. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 with statistical significance set at p value < 0.05. Results: Among 331 patients which were included 257 females (77.65%) and 74 males, prevalence of hypodontia was 9.4% (31 patients, 10.5% in females, 5.5% in males). The difference between the genders in term of hypodontia was not significant (p value = 0.257). This condition was existed from the dental and skeletal relationship point of view: hypodontia was observed in 19 patients (61.4%) with class Ⅰ relationship, 9 patients (29%) with skeletal class Ⅱ and 3 patients (9.6%) with skeletal class skeletal class ⅠⅠⅠ relationship. The difference between skeletal relationship and hypodontia was not significant (p value = 0.370). Dental crowding was observed in 24 patients (77.4%). There was not significant difference between dental crowding and hypodontia (p value = 0.276). Conclusion: Hypodontia was more prevalent in females but there was no significant difference between the prevalence of hypodontia in males and females. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of hypodontia in Iran similar to current study.

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for the Surgical-Orthodontic Patient

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Dryland Vig, BDS ◽  
Edward Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Correlation Between Serological Makers and Immunofluorescence Deposits i n Kidney Tissue of Patients with Lupus Nephritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider S Al-Hadad ◽  
Aqeel Abbas Matrood ◽  
Maha Abdalrasool Almukhtar ◽  
Haider Jabur Kehiosh ◽  
Riyadh Muhi Al-Saegh
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
P Value ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Immune Deposits ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Few biomarkers for SLE have been validated and widely accepted for the laboratory follow-up of inflammatory activity. In SLE patients, with lupus nephritis (LN), complement activation leads to fluctuation of serum C3 and C4 that are frequently used as clinicalm biomarker of disease activity in SLE. Patients and Methods: In this study the number of patients were 37, seven patients were excluded for incomplete data collection, 28 were females ,2 were males. The duration of the study is two years from 2015 to 2017. Patients were considered to have SLE and LN according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and International Society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS). All patients were evaluated withm clinical presentation, laboratory investigations. Our patients underwent kidney biopsy according to standard procedure by Kerstin Amann, and their tissue specimens were studied in the laboratory with light microscope (LM) and immunofluorescence microscope reagents. The relationship between the serological markers and immunofluorescence deposits in kidney biopsy of all patients were studied using the statistical analysis of Pearson correlation and single table student's T test. A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The granular pattern of IF deposits was present in all LN patients, and in more than two third of patients these IF deposits presented in glomerular, tubular, and mesangium sites. While less than one third of patients had IF deposits in the mesangium only. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and IF deposits of different types. There was significant correlation between serum C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia and IgG immune deposits in kidney biopsy, and there was significant relationship between serum C3 hypocomplementemia and full house immunofluorescence (FHIF) deposits inm kidney biopsy.Conclusions:Immunofluorescence deposits is mainly granular pattern in LN patients. There was no significant association between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and immune deposits in kidney tissue. Immunofluorescence deposits of IgG type correlates significantly with serum C3 and C4 hypocomplemetemia, and these immune deposits in association with low complement levels correlates with LN flare. There was significant correlation between C3 hypocomplementemia and FHIF.

scholarly journals Haemoconcentration as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Tanka Prasad Bohara ◽  
Dimindra Karki ◽  
Anuj Parajuli ◽  
Shail Rupakheti ◽  
Mukund Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
First Episode ◽  
P Value ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic ◽  
Chi Square

Background: Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild and self-limiting disease. About 25 % of patients have severe episode with mortality up to 30%. Early identification of these patients has potential advantages of aggressive treatment at intensive care unit or transfer to higher centre. Several scoring systems are available to predict severity of acute pancreatitis but are cumbersome, take 24 to 48 hours and are dependent on tests that are not universally available. Haematocrit has been used as a predictor of severity of acute pancreatitis but some have doubted its role.Objectives: To study the significance of haematocrit in prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Patients admitted with first episode of acute pancreatitis from February 2014 to July 2014 were included. Haematocrit at admission and 24 hours of admission were compared with severity of acute pancreatitis. Mean, analysis of variance, chi square, pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thirty one patients were included in the study with 16 (51.61%) male and 15 (48.4%) female. Haematocrit at 24 hours of admission was higher in severe acute pancreatitis (P value 0.003). Both haematocrit at admission and at 24 hours had positive correlation with severity of acute pancreatitis (r: 0.387; P value 0.031 and r: 0.584; P value 0.001) respectively.Area under receiver operator characteristic curve for haematocrit at admission and 24 hours were 0.713 (P value 0.175, 95% CI 0.536 - 0.889) and 0.917 (P value 0.008, 95% CI 0.813 – 1.00) respectively.Conclusion: Haematocrit is a simple, cost effective and widely available test and can predict severity of acute pancreatitis.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4(1) 2015, 3-7

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