Sublethal Effects of Bifenazate on Biological Traits and Enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract Panonychus citri, is a major citrus pest with a global distribution. But in Pest Management, the extensive use of insecticides has resulted in insecticide tolerance. Bifenazate, a novel acaricides with high biological activity against red mites, such as the T.urticae, P. citri. However, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in present study, P. citri exposed to sublethal concentration of bifenazate shows high biological activity, and causes great changes of population parameters and enzymatic activity. Life table technology was used to demonstrate sublethal effects on the growth and reproduction of P. citri. The results showed that the developmental duration of immature stage used sublethal concentration of bifenazate (LC10, LC30) were no difference than control. Nevertheless, compared with control group, the female adult duration, the fecundity and longevity were significantly decrease, but the pre-oviposition period was longer; In addition, the net reproductive rate (R0), the mean generation(T) were significantly decreased compared to those of the control, but the intrinsic rate of increase(r), the finite rate(λ) were decreased in LC30 group, however, the doubling time was increased with the increasing concentrations of bifenazate. Furthermore, Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, and CarE activities were higher in LC10 and LC30 treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 treatment than control and LC10 treatment. Moreover, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations of bifenazate. Based on these results, the sublethal concentration of bifenazate may have adverse effects on population growth of P. citri. This result provides certain significant guidance for the Pest Management. As well as that, further studies should be done to explore resistance mechanisms of P. citri exposure to a sublethal concentrations of bifenazate.

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Sublethal effects of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99935-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongyan Wang ◽

Tianrong Xin ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Zhiwen Zou ◽

Ling Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sublethal Effects ◽

Sublethal Effect ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Enzymatic Properties ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Panonychus Citri ◽

High Biological Activity ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase

AbstractPanonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.

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Sublethal effects of some synthetic and botanical insecticides on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2014-0027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saeideh Esmaeily ◽

Mohammad Amin Samih ◽

Mehdi Zarabi ◽

Fatemeh Jafarbeigi

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase

Abstract In addition to direct mortality caused by insecticides, some biological traits of insects may also be affected by sublethal insecticide doses. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the sublethal effects of the four synthetic insecticides: abamectin, imidacloprid, diazinon, and pymetrozin as well as the botanical insecticide taken from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract, on eggs of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). The lowest and highest survival rates and oviposition periods were observed in whiteflies treated by diazinon and imidacloprid, respectively. We found significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), and the gross reproductive rate (GRR) among different insecticides. Altogether, our results showed that pymetrozin and C. procera induced the most sublethal effects, thus they may be suitable candidates for use in integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci.

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Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.25.3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 512-524

Author(s):

Marjan Heidarian ◽

Yaghoub Fathipor ◽

Amin Sedaratian-jahromi

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Female Age ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest.

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Age Stage Two-Sex Life Table Reveals Sublethal Effects of Some Herbal and Chemical Insecticides on Adults ofBemisia tabaci(Hem.: Aleyrodidae)

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2014/164271 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemeh Jafarbeigi ◽

Mohammad Amin Samih ◽

Mehdi Zarabi ◽

Saeideh Esmaeily

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Important Pest

The sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of agriculture in subtropical and tropical areas. In this study, we used the age-stage two-sex life table to evaluate the sublethal effects of the herbal extracts taken fromFumaria parvifloraLam. (Fumariaceae),Teucrium poliumL. (Lamiaceae),Calotropis procera(Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) as well as the two commercial synthetic insecticides, pymetrozin and neemarin. The whiteflies were exposed to each insecticide using leaf-dip method. Analysis of life table parameters revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in the net reproductive rate (R0,NRR), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) among different insecticides. The lowest values of the three population parameters,R0,r, andλ, were observed on whiteflies treated with pymetrozin (2.455, 0.036, and 1.036),T. polium(2.828, 0.044, and 1.045), and neemarin (2.998, 0.046, and 1.047), respectively. Results of this study highlights the satisfactory insecticidal effects of the extract taken fromT. poliumonB. tabaci, which is comparable to the two commonly used synthetic insecticides.

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Impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on biological traits and expression profile of chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) in melon aphid, Aphis gossypii

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-48199-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Farman Ullah ◽

Hina Gul ◽

Hafiz Kamran Yousaf ◽

Wang Xiu ◽

Ding Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profile ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Chitin Synthase ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Melon Aphid ◽

The Impact

Abstract Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor that can be used for the control of hemipteran pests, especially melon aphid, Aphis gossypii. The impact of low lethal concentrations of buprofezin on the biological parameters and expression profile of CHS1 gene were estimated for two successive generations of A. gossypii. The present result shows that the LC15 and LC30 of buprofezin significantly decreased the fecundity and longevity of both generations. Exposure of F0 individuals to both concentrations delay the developmental period in F1. Furthermore, the survival rate, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) were reduced significantly in progeny generation at both concentrations. However, the reduction in gross reproductive rate (GRR) was observed only at LC30. Although, the mean generation time (T) prolonged substantially at LC30. Additionally, expression of the CHS1 gene was significantly increased in F0 adults. Significant increase in the relative abundance of CHS1 mRNA transcript was also observed at the juvenile and adult stages of F1 generation following exposure to LC15 and LC30. Therefore, our results show that buprofezin could affect the biological traits by diminishing the chitin contents owing to the inhibition of chitin synthase activity in the succeeding generation of melon aphid.

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Sublethal Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moth: Implication for Attract-And-Kill Strategy

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9020020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Fanfang Kong ◽

Yaqin Song ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Zhongyue Wang ◽

Yongqiang Liu

Keyword(s):

Sublethal Effects ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Nontarget Organisms ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Attract And Kill

The integrated use of plant-derived volatile attractants and synthetic insecticides in attract-and-kill programs is a useful tool for integrated pest management programs reducing pesticide input. Efficient alternative insecticides are critically needed to replace methomyl, which has been banned on cruciferous vegetables in China because it is also highly toxic to nontarget organisms. In the present study, among 15 commonly used insecticides were screened for toxicity against S. litura moths, where chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and emamectin benzoate was found to have the highest levels of toxicity (LC50 of 0.56, 3.85, and 6.03 mg a.i. L−1 respectively). After exposure to the low lethal concentration LC50 of chlorantraniliprole, fecundity of the moths was substantially reduced. Egg-hatching was lower for LC20- and LC50-treated moth pairs than for untreated control pairs. Net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were significantly reduced in LC50♀ × LC50♂ cohorts. Larval mortality was significantly higher in subsequent generations in pairs of LC50-treated moths. Chlorantraniliprole, which was most toxic and had significant sublethal effects on moths, can be used as an alternative insecticide to methomyl in the attracticide for controlling S. litura moths, and the LC50 indicated a high potential for efficacy in the control S. litura through attract-and-kill schemes.

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Flupyradifurone Induces Transgenerational Hormesis Effects in the Cowpea Aphid, Aphis Craccivora (Koch)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-726428/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eman Fouad ◽

Sherifa A.N. El-Sherif ◽

El-Sayed M. S. Mokbel

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Aphis Craccivora ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

High Dose ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Transgenerational Effects ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Cowpea Aphid

Abstract Insecticide induced-hormesis, a biphasic phenomenon ,with low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, which effectively contributes to pest resurgence. Although cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is the most infection insect to legume crops in Egypt, its’ hormesis to flupyradifurone did not previously establish. Therefore, age-stage two-sex life analysis was used to investigate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of flupyradifurone on two successive generations of A. craccivora. Leaf-dip bioassay method revealed high toxicity of flupyradifurone against A. craccivora with LC50 value of 1.82 mg L-1 after 48 h exposure. Treatment of parent generation (F0) with LC10 and LC25 of flupyradifurone significantly increased the longevity and fecundity of the directly exposed adults. The results of transgenerational effects showed that treatment of (F0) with LC25 induced a significant hormetic effects in progeny generation (F1). Furthermore, flupyradifurone at LC25 significantly enhanced the biological traits such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. Similarly, both LC10 and LC25 caused a significant increase in the mean generation time T (d). Conversely ,both treatments had a significant decrease in the doubling time (DT). In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that exposure of (F0) to flupyradifurone at LC10 and LC25 enhanced longevity and fecundity in of the directly exposed adults of A. craccivora and induced transgenerational hormesis across the subsequent (F1) generation. These grades must be taken into consideration when using flupyradifurone against cowpea aphids.

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The Combination of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Its Engineered Strain Expressing dsRNA Increases the Toxicity against Plutella Xylostella

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23010444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Ying-Xia Jiang ◽

Jin-Zhi Chen ◽

Miao-Wen Li ◽

Ben-Hu Zha ◽

Peng-Rong Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Pest Management ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Arginine Kinase ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Kinase Gene ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase

RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed and used as an emerging strategy for pest management. Here, an entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was used to express the dsRNA for the control of Plutella xylostella. A vector containing a 325-bp fragment of the conserved region of P. xylostella arginine kinase gene (PxAK) flanking in two ends with the promoter Pro3α was developed and transferred into Bt 8010 and BMB171, and consequently engineered Bt strains 8010AKi and BMB171AKi expressing dsRNA of PxAK were developed. The two engineered Bt strains were separately mixed with Bt 8010 in a series of ratios, and then fed to the P. xylostella larvae. We found that 8010:8010AKi of 9:1 and 8010:BMB171AKi of 7:3 caused a higher mortality than Bt 8010. PxAK expression levels in the individuals treated with the mixtures, 8010AKi and BMB171Aki, were lower than that in the control. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0) of the population treated with 8010:8010AKi of 9:1 were lower than those of the population treated with Bt 8010 or 8010AKi. We developed a Bt-mediated insect RNAi for the control of P. xylostella and demonstrated a practical approach to integrating the entomopathogen with RNAi technique for the pest management.

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Pirimicarb, an aphid selective insecticide, adversely affects demographic parameters of the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2016-0048 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 353-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shima Rahmani ◽

Ali R. Bandani

Keyword(s):

Generation Time ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Demographic Parameters ◽

Finite Rate ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Preoviposition Period ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Hippodamia Variegata

AbstractDemographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carbamate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30and LC10were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine the effects of the pesticide on demographic parameters of the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pirimicarb did not affect individual life parameters such as development time of larva, pupa, adult longevity, female and male longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP). However, population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by sublethal treatment. For example, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.18 day-1in the controls but it was 0.13 and 0.14 day-1in the treated insects with LC10and LC30concentrations, respectively. Also, there were significant differences between mean generation time (T) of the treatments and the controls i.e. mean generation time of the controls was 29.03 days while mean generation time in the two treatments of LC10and LC30was 33.93 and 31.66 days, respectively. The finite rate of increase was also significantly affected by sublethal effects of the pesticide. The results showed that pirimicarb, even at low concentrations, has potential to adversely affect the predatory ladybird, therefore care should be taken when this insecticide is used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

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Sublethal effects of three insecticides on fitness parameters and population projection of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 2713-2722

Author(s):

Leila Mahmoodi ◽

Fariba Mehrkhou ◽

Nurper Guz ◽

Maryam Forouzan ◽

Remzi Atlihan

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Population Growth ◽

Population Growth Rate ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Control Group ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Cabbage Aphid ◽

Rate Of Increase

Abstract The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), is one of the major insect pests of cole crops in Iran. In most instances outbreaks are normally kept under control by application of insecticides. In this study, the sublethal effects (LC30) of three insecticides, acetamiprid, buprofezin, and thiamethoxam-lambda cyhalothrin, (TLC) were evaluated on the population growth rate of the progeny of insecticide-treated cabbage aphid adults. The age-stage, two-sex life table method was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that the insecticide applications affected the duration of the preadult period, their survival, reproduction, life span/longevity, and consequently, the population growth rate of the F1 generation. The indicators of the greatest sublethal effects were noted in the progeny of the TLC-treated adults. These included the lowest net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and the longest mean generation time (T). The highest values of r, λ, R, and the lowest value of T occurred in the control group followed by, in order, the acetamiprid and buprofezin groups. These research findings will be useful in the development and implementation of future aphid management programs.

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