The Bird Community in a Coastal Wetland in East China and Its Spatial Responses to a Wind Farm

Coastal wetlands in East China are essential stopover places for birds along the East Asian-Australian Flyway. However, numerous wind turbines have been built in or near these wetlands in recent years, which might disturb the bird community in the area. Therefore, investigating the bird community and its responses to wind farms in coastal wetlands of East China is of great significance for bird conservation. In the spring and autumn of 2019 and 2020, we investigated the bird community in the Rudong coastal wetland in East China using point counts. We determined 4 geographical factors at each census point, i.e., distance to the wind farm boundary (DW), distance to the suburbs, distance to the sea, and vegetation area, and analysed the relationship between bird number and DW through partial correlation analysis. A total of 11 orders and 103 species of birds, including 4 endangered species, were observed during our survey. Charadriiformes was the dominant taxon in the wetland, and Calidris alpina was the most common species in both spring and autumn. Passeriformes exhibited high species richness but low numbers. The results of partial correlation analysis indicated that birds’ responses to the wind farm varied depending on their dominance and category: dominant and subdominant birds tended to avoid the wind farm, whereas rare birds tended to approach them; aquatic birds were alert to the wind farm, whereas terrestrial birds better adapted to them. We concluded that the dominant aquatic birds, including the endangered species Calidris tenuirostris, were most negatively impacted by the wind farm; the occasional birds and rare aquatic birds might be disturbed by wind farm but not significantly so; and the rare terrestrial birds were least disturbed by or even benefited from the wind farm.