Associations between animal and herd management factors, serological response to three respiratory pathogens and pluck lesions in finisher pigs on farrow-to-finish farms

Abstract Background: Serological screening is a common method to monitor antibody response to pathogen exposure, but results could vary due to several factors. This study aimed to quantify animal and management related factors associated with variation in antibody levels in finisher pigs at slaughter, in an Irish farrow-to-finish farm endemically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (App), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and swine influenza virus (SIV). A second objective was to estimate differences in antibody levels in pigs presenting pluck lesions. This was an observational study whereby pigs were managed as per routine farm practice. Data on sow parity, number of born alive (NBA) pigs per litter, cross-fostering status, birth and weaning body weight were recorded from 1,016 pigs born from one farrowing batch. At slaughter, blood samples were collected for serological analysis and pigs were inspected for presence of enzootic pneumonia (EP)-like lesions, pleurisy, pericarditis and heart condemnations. Pigs were retrospectively classified into three production flows, depending on time spent in each production stage: flow 1 (F1; pigs followed the normal production flow); flow 2 (F2; pigs which were delayed by 1 week from advancing forward); and flow 3 (F3; pigs delayed by >1 week from advancing forward). A nested case-control design was applied by matching pigs from each flow by sow parity, birth weight and NBA. Results: Pigs born from primiparous sows had higher antibody levels for App than those born to parity ≥5 sows ( P <0.05) and there was no association between any of the pathogens investigated and other early life indicators ( P >0.05). Pigs in F1 had lower antibody levels for App but higher antibody levels for SIV than F2 and F3 pigs ( P <0.05). There was no association between pluck lesions and respiratory pathogens ( P >0.05), except for increased antibody levels for Mhyo when EP-like lesions were present ( P =0.006). Conclusion: Results indicate that offspring from primiparous sows develop lower antibody levels for App when exposed to this disease and that enforcement of a strict all-in/all-out production system would reduce on-farm disease circulation. A high percentage of pigs were affected with EP-like lesions which were associated with higher antibody levels for Mhyo.

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Associations between animal and herd management factors, serological response to three respiratory pathogens and pluck lesions in finisher pigs on a farrow-to-finish farm

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00173-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rose Mary Fitzgerald ◽

Helen O’Shea ◽

Edgar García Manzanilla ◽

John Moriarty ◽

Hugh McGlynn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Serological Response ◽

Production Flow ◽

Related Factors ◽

Serological Screening ◽

Parity Number ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Serological screening is a common method to monitor antibody response to pathogen exposure, but results could vary due to several factors. This study aimed to quantify animal and management related factors associated with variation in antibody levels in finisher pigs at slaughter, in an Irish farrow-to-finish farm endemically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (App), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and swine influenza virus (SIV). A second objective was to estimate differences in antibody levels in pigs presenting pluck lesions. This was an observational study whereby pigs were managed as per routine farm practice. Data on sow parity, number of born alive (NBA) pigs per litter, cross-fostering status, birth and weaning body weight were recorded from 1016 pigs born from one farrowing batch. At slaughter, blood samples were collected for serological analysis and pigs were inspected for presence of enzootic pneumonia (EP)-like lesions, pleurisy, pericarditis and heart condemnations. Pigs were retrospectively classified into three production flows, depending on time spent in each production stage: flow 1 (F1; pigs followed the normal production flow); flow 2 (F2; pigs which were delayed by 1 week from advancing forward); and flow 3 (F3; pigs delayed by > 1 week from advancing forward). A nested case-control design was applied by matching pigs from each flow by sow parity, birth weight and NBA. Results Pigs born from primiparous sows had higher antibody levels for App than those born to parity ≥5 sows (P < 0.05) and there was no association between any of the pathogens investigated and other early life indicators (P > 0.05). Pigs in F1 had lower antibody levels for App but higher antibody levels for SIV than F2 and F3 pigs (P < 0.05). There was no association between pluck lesions and respiratory pathogens (P > 0.05), except for increased antibody levels for Mhyo when EP-like lesions were present (P = 0.006). Conclusion Results indicate that offspring from primiparous sows develop higher antibody levels for App IV toxin when exposed to this disease and that enforcement of a strict all-in/all-out production system would reduce on-farm disease circulation. A high percentage of pigs were affected with EP-like lesions which were associated with higher antibody levels for Mhyo.

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Associations between animal and herd management factors, serological response to three respiratory pathogens and pluck lesions in finisher pigs on a farrow-to-finish farm

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58765/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rose Mary Fitzgerald ◽

Helen O'Shea ◽

Edgar García Manzanilla ◽

John Moriarty ◽

Hugh McGlynn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Serological Response ◽

Production Flow ◽

Related Factors ◽

Serological Screening ◽

Parity Number ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Nested Case Control

Abstract Background: Serological screening is a common method to monitor antibody response to pathogen exposure, but results could vary due to several factors. This study aimed to quantify animal and management related factors associated with variation in antibody levels in finisher pigs at slaughter, in an Irish farrow-to-finish farm endemically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (App), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and swine influenza virus (SIV). A second objective was to estimate differences in antibody levels in pigs presenting pluck lesions. This was an observational study whereby pigs were managed as per routine farm practice. Data on sow parity, number of born alive (NBA) pigs per litter, cross-fostering status, birth and weaning body weight were recorded from 1,016 pigs born from one farrowing batch. At slaughter, blood samples were collected for serological analysis and pigs were inspected for presence of enzootic pneumonia (EP)-like lesions, pleurisy, pericarditis and heart condemnations. Pigs were retrospectively classified into three production flows, depending on time spent in each production stage: flow 1 (F1; pigs followed the normal production flow); flow 2 (F2; pigs which were delayed by 1 week from advancing forward); and flow 3 (F3; pigs delayed by >1 week from advancing forward). A nested case-control design was applied by matching pigs from each flow by sow parity, birth weight and NBA.Results: Pigs born from primiparous sows had higher antibody levels for App than those born to parity ≥5 sows (P<0.05) and there was no association between any of the pathogens investigated and other early life indicators (P>0.05). Pigs in F1 had lower antibody levels for App but higher antibody levels for SIV than F2 and F3 pigs (P<0.05). There was no association between pluck lesions and respiratory pathogens (P>0.05), except for increased antibody levels for Mhyo when EP-like lesions were present (P=0.006). Conclusion: Results indicate that offspring from primiparous sows develop higher antibody levels for App IV toxin when exposed to this disease and that enforcement of a strict all-in/all-out production system would reduce on-farm disease circulation. A high percentage of pigs were affected with EP-like lesions which were associated with higher antibody levels for Mhyo.

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Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252311000120 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 133-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

T. Opriessnig ◽

L. G. Giménez-Lirola ◽

P. G. Halbur

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

The Body ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Respiratory Pathogens

AbstractRespiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious factors are important in the initiation and outcome of cases of PRDC, the focus of this review is on infectious factors only. There are a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens commonly associated with PRDC including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(MHYO) andPasteurella multocida(PMULT). The pathogenesis of viral respiratory disease is typically associated with destruction of the mucocilliary apparatus and with interference and decrease of the function of pulmonary alveolar and intravascular macrophages. Bacterial pathogens often contribute to PRDC by activation of inflammation via enhanced cytokine responses. With recent advancements in pathogen detection methods, the importance of polymicrobial disease has become more evident, and identification of interactions of pathogens and their mechanisms of disease potentiation has become a topic of great interest. For example, combined infection of pigs with typically low pathogenic organisms like PCV2 and MHYO results in severe respiratory disease. Although the body of knowledge has advanced substantially in the last 15 years, much more needs to be learned about the pathogenesis and best practices for control of swine respiratory disease outbreaks caused by concurrent infection of two or more pathogens. This review discusses the latest findings on polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs.

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NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN SERUM AFTER INFLUENZA A

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.74.5.433 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 433-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

F. L. Horsfall ◽

E. R. Rickard

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Human Serum ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Influenza A ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Different Strains ◽

Antibody Levels

The increased concentrations of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus in human serum which occur after influenza A do not differentiate between antigenically different strains of this virus or swine influenza virus but instead appear to possess equal reactivity against these agents. The decrease in antibody levels which occurs with time is also independent of the strain of virus used to measure it.

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Early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in European suckling pigs in herds with respiratory problems: detection rate and risk factors

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/3017-vetmed ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I. Villarreal ◽

K. Vranckx ◽

L. Duchateau ◽

F. Pasmans ◽

F. Haesebrouck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

European Countries ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Potential Risk Factors

The present study aimed at estimating the detection rate of M. hyopneumoniae in 3-week-old pigs in different European countries and to identify possible risk factors. Nasal swabs from suckling pigs in 52 farms were collected for nested PCR analysis. Potential risk factors for respiratory disease were analysed with a multivariable logistic regression model. The average percentage of positive piglets was 10.7% (95% confidence interval, CI 7.4–14.2); at least one pig tested positive in 68% of herds. In 32% of the herds, more than 10% of piglets tested positive. Herds that vaccinated sows against swine influenza virus (SIV) had a significantly higher risk of a piglet being positive for M. hyopneumoniae (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.43–6.83). The higher risk in case of SIV vaccination is difficult to explain, but may be due to the fact that pig herds with respiratory symptoms are more likely to be vaccinated against SIV, overlooking the possible influence of other respiratory pathogens such as M. hyopneumoniae. The present findings show that M. hyopneumoniae is widespread in 3-week-old piglets across different European countries.

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