Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Bangladesh

Abstract Background To delineate the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of pediatric coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients was the objective of the study. Method: This observational study included 290 pediatric patients with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh, from April 2021 to October 2021. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed based on demographic data, medical history, laboratory tests, and outcome information. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 26. Ethical measures were taken in compliance with the current declaration of Helsinki, and final analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Result Of all, 42 (14.5%) were neonates (< 28 days), 88 (30.3%) were infants (28 days to < 1 year) and 160 (55.2%) were children (1–17 years). The median age of the children was 18 (0.3–204) months, 58.3% were male, 62% had malnutrition, and presented with various clinical presentations. The main symptoms were fever (5.7%) and breathlessness (20%). Approximately 22% of children were asymptomatic, and 57% had at least one comorbidity. Fever and abdominal pain were predominant presenting symptoms in children compared with neonates and infants (p < .01 for both), while cough and breathlessness were more frequent in infants (p < .01 for both). The infants suffered significantly from neutropenia and lymphocytosis than neonates and children (p < .001 for both). The discharge and death rates were 77.8% with 6.9%. Overall case fatality was higher among neonates than others. Conclusion Compared to other pediatric groups, neonatal case fatality was higher, and COVID-19 in neonates, infants, and children has similar epidemiological and clinical manifestations. The findings from this study might help to guide the development of measures to prevent and treat this ongoing global pandemic of these particular age groups.

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FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TACTICS OF MANAGING CHILDREN WITH KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-4-74-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

I.M. Kagantsov ◽

◽

V.V. Sizonov ◽

V.G. Svarich ◽

K.P. Piskunov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Routine Care ◽

The Novel ◽

Urinary System ◽

Death Rates ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Significant Health

The novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 affects people of all age groups. The disease in children is usually asymptomatic or mild compared to adults, and with a significantly lower death rates. Data on kidney damage in children with COVID-19, as well as the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of diseases of the genitourinary system, are limited, the risks of contracting a new coronavirus infection in children with significant health problems, including those with chronic kidney disease, remain uncertain. The pandemic has affected the activities of surgeons treating diseases of the urinary system in children. Since the prospects for the end of the pandemic are vague, it is necessary to formulate criteria for selecting patients who can and should be provided with routine care in the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight the features of the clinical manifestations and treatment of children with COVID-19, occurring against the background of previous renal pathology or complicating its course.

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A snapshot on COVID-19: A review

10.20944/preprints202004.0526.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahfuz Al Mamun ◽

Kaiissar Mannoor ◽

Tahmina Shirin ◽

Meerjady Sabrina Flora ◽

Firdausi Qadri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Organ Failure ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Aged Patients ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Sputum Production ◽

Common Enemy

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in China in December 2019 has turned into a global pandemic through continued spread beyond borders. This review was aimed to extract up-to-date information on the evolution, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 to fight against this common enemy. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were the sources of literature; whereas CDC, WHO and Worldometer provided updated information. Bats served as the reservoirs of this virus while pangolin is believed as an intermediate host to transmit the virus to humans. Direct human-to-human and indirect transmissions were involved. Major clinical manifestations included fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production and shortness of breath. Chest radiographs mostly showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. Aged patients and patients with comorbidities had higher case fatality ratios. Critical cases were vulnerable to develop pneumonia, multi-organ failure and deaths. Overall situation in China has improved substantially. The European region and region of the Americas were the worst hit out of six WHO global regions. PCR based methods are used for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Severe/critical cases essentially require supportive or intensive cares. Avoiding exposure to COVID-19 is the best way to prevent the disease. Thus, this review provides a snapshot on COVID-19.

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COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26339/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Ashraf ◽

Nasim Shokouhi ◽

Elham Shirali ◽

Fateme Davari-tanha ◽

Omeed Memar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Symptom Relapse

Abstract Background There is a growing need for information regarding the recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19). We present a comprehensive report of Covid-19 patients in Iran.Methods One hundred hospitalized patients with Covid-19 were studied. Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and post-discharge follow-up were analyzed.Results The median age of the patients was 58 years, and the majority of the patients (72.7%) were above 50 years of age. Fever was present in 45.2% of the patients on admission. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (74%) and cough (68%). Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (92.3%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (82.9%), lymphocytopenia (74.2 %) on admission. Lower lobes of the lung were most commonly involved, and ground-glass opacity (81.8%) was the most frequent finding in CT scans. The administration of hydroxychloroquine improved the clinical outcome of the patients. Lopinavir/ritonavir was efficacious at younger ages. Of the 70 discharged patients, 40% had symptom relapse, (8.6%) were readmitted to the hospital, and 3 patients (4.3%) died.Conclusions This report demonstrates a heterogeneous nature of clinical manifestations in patients affected with Covid-19. The most common presenting symptoms are non-specific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (in younger age group) can be potential treatment options. Finally, patients discharged from the hospital should be followed up because of potential symptom relapse.

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COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes

10.1101/2020.04.20.20072421 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Ashraf ◽

Nasim Shokouhi ◽

Elham Shirali ◽

Fateme Davari-tanha ◽

Omeed Memar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Symptom Relapse

AbstractPurposeThere is a growing need for information regarding the recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19). We present a comprehensive report of Covid-19 patients in Iran.MethodsOne hundred hospitalized patients with Covid-19 were studied. Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and post-discharge follow-up were analyzed.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 58 years, and the majority of the patients (72.7%) were above 50 years of age. Fever was present in 45.2% of the patients on admission. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (74%) and cough (68%). Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (92.3%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (82.9%), lymphocytopenia (74.2 %) on admission. Lower lobes of the lung were most commonly involved, and ground-glass opacity (81.8%) was the most frequent finding in CT scans. The administration of hydroxychloroquine improved the clinical outcome of the patients. Lopinavir/ritonavir was efficacious at younger ages. Of the 70 discharged patients, 40% had symptom relapse, (8.6%) were readmitted to the hospital, and 3 patients (4.3%) died.ConclusionThis report demonstrates a heterogeneous nature of clinical manifestations in patients affected with Covid-19. The most common presenting symptoms are non-specific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (in younger age group) can be potential treatment options. Finally, patients discharged from the hospital should be followed up because of potential symptom relapse.

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Comparison of the clinical manifestations between different age groups of patients with overseas imported COVID-19

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243347

Author(s):

Yujuan Han ◽

Zujin Luo ◽

Wenliang Zhai ◽

Yue Zheng ◽

Huan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

The current study investigated the clinical manifestations and outcomes of different age groups of patients with overseas imported COVID-19. In total, 53 COVID-19 patients admitted to the designated Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital between March 16 and April 15 of 2020 were included. Based on the percentage of disease aggravation during hospital stay according to CT, the patients were divided into two groups: ≤40 years (group A; n = 41) and >40 years (group B; n = 12). The demographic data, epidemiological history, disease courses, potential complications, clinical symptoms, lab indices, chest CT outcomes, treatment protocols and turnovers of the two groups were compared. According to clinical typing, compared with group A, group B had a significantly greater proportion of the common type of COVID-19 (P<0.05) and greater comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (P<0.001). The two groups presented significantly different lab indices. Group B showed significantly more frequent CT abnormalities, with greater proportions of multiple lesions and bilateral lung involvement (P<0.05). During hospitalization, group B had a greater proportion of disease aggravation according to CT (P<0.01). Compared with group A, group B received a significantly greater proportion of antiviral therapy and presented a significantly greater occurrence of adverse drug reactions (P<0.05). The two groups did not significantly differ in time from admission to clinical symptom improvement or from disease onset to negative outcomes according to nucleic acid testing, the appearance of IgG or the appearance of IgM. They also did not significantly differ in length of stay. Older imported COVID-19 patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, showed a broader pulmonary extent and faster development of the disease, more severe pathogenetic conditions and a greater risk of developing a critically severe type. Increased attention should be given to this population in clinical practice.

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Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística en Panamá, de Enero 2008 a Diciembre 2017

Revista Pediátrica de Panamá ◽

10.37980/im.journal.rspp.20191581 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-12

Author(s):

Ana Karina Coronado ◽

Ricardo A Chanis ◽

Luis Coronado

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Genetic Defect ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

City Hospital ◽

Age Of Diagnosis ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Introducción.La presente investigación plantea como objetivo principal, describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la fibrosis quística (FQ) en Panamá, que nos permiten hacer el diagnóstico temprano y dar a conocer las características bioquímicas, fenotípicas y morbilidades asociadas para así poder mejorar las necesidades de los pacientes con esta enfermedad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrosis quística entre el mes de enero 2008 a diciembre 2017, en los hospitales en Ciudad de Panamá: Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas y en Chiriquí Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía previa aprobación de las autoridades correspondientes.Se analizaron las características demográficas, fenotípicas, resultados bioquímicos, complicaciones y tratamiento de pacientes con diagnóstico de Fibrosis quística. Mediante un diseño descriptivo, se analizó la información de las mismas.Resultados.El promedio de edad para el diagnóstico de fibrosis quística fue de 2.8 años. El 52% correspondía a sexo masculino y 48% a sexo femenino. El promedio de hospitalización previo al diagnóstico de Fibrosis quística fue de 3.8. En el 72 % de los pacientes los primeros síntomas aparecieron antes del primer año de vida.En la mayoría de los pacientes las manifestaciones clínicas fueron una combinación de síntomas gastrointestinales y/o nutricionales y respiratorios (96 y 92% respectivamente).En el 44% de los pacientes se realizó examen genético molecular. De acuerdo con la clasificación del defecto genético, el 20 % de los pacientes eran del grupo delta F 508. La edad promedio de sobrevida es 8.2, años. Durante el período 2008-2017 se registraron 6 defunciones de pacientes con fibrosis quística, lo que corresponde a una tasa de letalidad del 22%.Conclusiones.Los resultados de nuestro estudio mostraron condiciones tales como falla de medro, infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, esteatorrea como la forma de presentación clínica más frecuente. Encontramos correlación con la literatura con la presencia de manifestaciones respiratorias asociadas a compromiso nutricional. El genotipo no se hace a todos los pacientes, reconociendo la importancia de esta valoración por la disponibilidad y costos de las pruebas genéticas. A pesar del diagnóstico temprano, nuestros pacientes cursan con compromiso nutricional importante. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado una media de edad de diagnóstico más temprana comparada con años anteriores. Es necesaria la estandarización de pruebas diagnósticas y de seguimiento, puesto que no todos los pacientes cumplen en su totalidad con los criterios diagnósticos. En la actualidad, un alto índice de sospecha clínica es obligatorio para su detección e intervención inmediata del tratamiento hasta actualización de las instalaciones de diagnóstico. Abstract Introduction .The main objective of the present investigation is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Panama, which allow us to make a nearly diagnosis and make known the biochemical, phenotypic and associated morbidities in order to improve the needs of the patients with this disease. Materials and methodsA retrospective study of patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis was conducted between January 2008 and December 2017, in hospitals in Panama City: Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Omar Torrijos Herrera and Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, upon approval of the corresponding authorities. We analyzed the demographic, phenotypic characteristics, biochemical results, complications and treatment of patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis. Through a descriptive design, the information of them was analyzed. Results. The average age for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was of 2.8 years, 52% corresponded tomale and 48% female. The average number of hospitalizations prior tothe diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was 3.8. In 72% of the patients the first symptoms appeared before the first year of life. In the majority of patients, the clinical manifestations were a combination of gastrointestinal and / or nutritional and respiratory symptoms (96 and 92% respectively). Molecular genetics examination was performed in 44% of the patients. According to the classification of the genetic defect, 20% of the patients were from the delta F 508 group. The average age of survival is 8.2 years. During the period 2008-2017 there were 6 deaths of patients with cystic fibrosis, which corresponds to a case-fatality rate of 22%.Conclusions.The results of our study showed conditions such as failure to thrive, recurrent respiratory infections, steatorrhea as the most frequent form of clinical presentation. We found correlation with the literature with the presence of respiratory manifestation associated with nutritional compromise. The genotype is not made to all patients, recognizing the importance of assessing the availability and costs of genetictesting. Despite early diagnosis, our patients have an important nutritional commitment. In recenty ears there is evidence of a lower age of diagnosis earlier compared with previous years.It is necessary to standardize diagnostic tests and follow-up, since not all patients fully meet the diagnostic criteria. At present, a high index of clinical suspicion is mandatory for early detection and immediate intervention of the treatment until updating of the diagnostic facilities.

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An Extended Bayesian Hierarchical Model Predicted SARS-CoV-2 Cases and Reproductions After Vaccination in England

CONVERTER ◽

10.17762/converter.36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Jiajing Zha, Xiangdong Liu

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Bayesian Hierarchical ◽

Infected People ◽

Public Health Emergencies ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Mortality Ratio ◽

Set Up ◽

The Uk ◽

Drug Interventions ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

In the UK, one of the worst affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, the UK government has released a comprehensive vaccination plan for SARS-CoV-2 and will set up more vaccination sites in the coming months to expand the service to more people. We built an extended Bayesian hierarchical prediction model to predict the number of cases and breeding situation after vaccination in the nine districts of England. Based on the population of each region, the number of deaths and the IFR (the infection mortality ratio) for each region were predicted. We found that EAST, NORTHWEST and SOUTHEAST had the largest IFR, and the corresponding death numbers were 29,079, 28,734 and 25,201, respectively. Reproduction number ( ) is expected to drop below 1 in all regions on January 7, January 12, January 16, January 13, January 10, January 17, January 10, January 18 and January 14, respectively. Major vaccine interventions have been effective in reducing transmission in the nine areas of England given the mortality rate of the infected people and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. We also found that vaccination among people aged 70 to 80 had made a significant contribution to reducing transmission of the virus. The model can be extended to forecast the effects of certain interventions in public health emergencies, the effect of preventing the spread of disease, and the effect of different interventions in different age groups to find the best way to control the spread of disease. It can also be extended to drug and non-drug interventions to find the best combination of solutions.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019: One Year Experience at Tertiary Care Cardiac Hospital

Bangladesh Heart Journal ◽

10.3329/bhj.v36i2.56034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

Fazila Tun Nesa Malik ◽

- Md Kalimuddin ◽

- Mir Ishraquzzaman ◽

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Ashok Dutta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Close Contact ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Face Mask ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Middle Income ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

One Year

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant challenge particularly for low and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Interventions such as home isolation, frequent hand washing, wearing face mask, maintaining social distancing are difficult to implement in densely populated areas. The aim of the study was to delineate demographics, clinical manifestations, treatment modalities and outcomes of COVID-19 affected patients of our hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute of Bangladesh between 08 March 2020 to 07 March 2021. During this period all admitted patients who subsequently were diagnosed as COVID positive and health care personnel of this hospital, who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace & become COVID positive were included. Results: During this one-year period a total of 769 COVID positive patients were detected in our hospital. Mean age of the patients was 48.16 ±15.63 years (range 1-92 years). Two third were male (64.9% vs 35.1%) and had multiple co-morbidities. One fifth of the patients were (19%) asymptomatic. The mean duration of onset of symptoms to test was 3.72±3.7 days. Most common symptoms were fever (65.3%), cough (37.1%), shortness of breath (33.6%) and fatigue (27.8%). Other symptoms were bodyache (18.6%), headache (16.6%), anosmia 16%), sore throat (12.1%), diarrhoea (6.8%), dizziness (5.3%), generalized itching (3.8%). Nearly two third of the COVID positive patients (63.2%) had a diagnosed cardiovascular disease at onset and remaining 36.8% patients presented with only COVID-19 disease. About 75% patients received ivermectin, 5.1% patients received favipiravir and 4.4% patients received remdesivir. Three fourth (74.38%) of patients were hospitalized and remaining one fourth (25.62%) patients were treated either in home isolation or in institutional isolation. Most of the patients recovered, with a case fatality rate of 3.5%. Diabetes, hypertension and age ≥50 years were the independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Although most of the patients had good outcome the study revealed 3.5% case fatality. Male with multiple co-morbidities were predominantly affected by COVID 19. Fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue were common presenting symptoms. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2021; 36(2): 89-97

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Clinical and haematological characteristics of human trichostrongyliasis

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x17001225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 149-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Ghanbarzadeh ◽

M. Saraei ◽

E.B. Kia ◽

F. Amini ◽

M. Sharifdini

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Examination Methods ◽

Group Sex

AbstractTrichostrongylusspp. are primarily parasites of ruminants, but humans can become infected as accidental hosts. Information about the clinical aspects of human trichostrongyliasis is limited. This study investigated the clinical and haematological characteristics of a large number of trichostrongyliasis patients. In the Fouman district of Guilan Province in northern Iran, during 2015–2016, 60 patients were identified as positive forTrichostrongylusspp., using stool examination methods. The clinical manifestations and demographic data of all patients were recorded and further analysed. Twenty-three patients (38.3%) were male and 37 (61.7%) were female. Among the individuals infected only withTrichostrongylus, only nine patients (16.4%) were asymptomatic. Forty-six patients (83.6%) presented with gastrointestinal (76.3%), pulmonary (30.9%) and cutaneous (12.7%) symptoms. No statistically significant relationship was found between clinical manifestations and sex or age groups. Ten patients (18.1%) revealed eosinophilia and five (9.1%) presented with hypochromic microcytic anaemia. The relationship between eosinophilia and age group, sex and clinical manifestations showed no statistical significance. Our study indicated that trichostrongyliasis may be a major parasitic aetiology for gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilia in rural residents of endemic areas.

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Older age groups and country-specific case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Europe, USA and Canada

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-020-01538-w ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Hoffmann ◽

Eva Wolf

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Older Age ◽

European Countries ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Country Specific

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the association between the percentages of older age groups among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and the country-specific case fatality rate (CFR). Methods This ecological study analyzed data from the 20 most severely affected European countries, USA and Canada, in which national health authorities provided data on age distribution and gender among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths. Results The proportion of individuals older than 70 years among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases differed markedly between the countries, ranging from 4.9 to 40.4%. There was a strong linear association between the proportion of individuals older than 75 years and the country-specific CFRs (R2 = 0.803 for all countries, R2 = 0.961 after exclusion of three countries with incongruent data). Each 5% point increase of this older age group among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases was associated with an increase in CFR of 2.5% points (95% CI 1.9–3.1). Conclusion Data from 20 European countries and the USA and Canada showed that the variance of crude CFR of COVID-19 is predominantly (80–96%) determined by the proportion of older individuals who are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The age distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections is still far from being homogeneous. Detailed demographic data have to be taken into account in all the analyses on COVID-19-associated mortality. We urgently call for standardized data collection by national health authorities.

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