scholarly journals Determination of Salt Tolerance of Oil Palm SUP-PSU 1 Using Cell Suspension Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirasak Sukdee ◽  
Sompong Te-chato ◽  
SUREERAT YENCHON
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Fresh Weight

Abstract Oil palm is an oil crop that produces the highest oil yield throughout the year. Repeated application of fertilizer in oil palm orchard results in severe salinity of planting areas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine growth, physiochemistry and re-growth of calli as effected by sodium chloride (NaCl). The calli were cultured in liquid oil palm culture medium (OPCM) supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mM), 0.1 mg/l dicamba and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The results showed that increase in concentrations of NaCl and exposure times decreased growth rate of cells in suspension culture. The concentration of NaCl which inhibited growth rate at 50 % (IC50) was 166.73 mM after culture for 12 weeks. Increase in concentrations of NaCl and exposure times increased electrolyte leakage (EL), changing of electrical conductivity (EC) medium and proline content. NaCl at concentration of 400 mM gave the highest EL, changing of EC medium and proline content at 82.22 %, 3.77 mS/cm and 64.93 µg/gFW, respectively. Over 200 mM NaCl oil palm cells cannot survive. After transfer treated callus clumps to OPCM without NaCl for 8 weeks, the clumps treated in 50 mM NaCl gave the highest fresh weight at 416.5 mg while 100 mM gave the highest average number of nodules per tube at 84 nodules. This result suggests that cells of oil palm in vitro could not stand to NaCl at concentration higher than 200 mM.

Studies on growth of the mink blastocyst

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Breeding Seasons

In those mammals in which implantation is delayed, the embryo enters a diapause at the blastocyst stage. The present report describes experiments with mink over the last three breeding seasons, attempting to define the factors that limit development at this stage. Four approaches to the problem were used: (1) determination of growth of mink blastocysts in vitro with specific modifications of media; (2) transplantation of mink embryos to rabbit uteri; (3) direct treatment of pregnant female mink with ergosterol; (4) growth of rabbit blastocysts in vitro in medium containing mink serum. (1) The culture methods used for mink embryos were those developed for the rabbit and described in earlier publications (Daniel, 1963, 1965). Mink blastocysts (Plate 1) were isolated in culture medium after being flushed from the uteri of mothers bred 9-20 days earlier. Various components were added to the medium, F10 (Ham, 1963), in concentrations that were previously tested against rabbit blastocysts and found to be non-toxic, and, in some cases, beneficial to growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pyridinecarbothioamides on Isoflavonoid Production in Genista tinctoria Cultures in Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Lenka Tůmová ◽  
Věra Klimešová ◽  
Anna Vildová
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Pyrazinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Genista Tinctoria ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Maximum Content

Previous studies showed that derivatives of pyrazinecarboxylic acid used as elicitors increased either flavonoid or flavonolignan production. The effect of 2-(3-bromobenzylsulfanyl) pyridine-4-carbothioamide on isoflavonoids production in Genista tinctoria culture in vitro was tested. The highest isoflavonoid content (0.3 mg.g−1 DW) in callus culture was found after elicitor application at a concentration of 2.96 × 10−5 mol.L−1 after 24 h of treatment. The maximum daidzein production (0.2 mg.g−1 DW) was detected after 48 h of elicitor treatment at a concentration of 2.96 × 10−3 mol.L-1 and after 24 h of elicitor treatment at a concentration of 2.96 × 10−5 mol.L−1. Suspension culture produced the highest amount of isoflavonoids (0.3 mg.g−1 DW) after elicitor application at concentrations of 2.96 × 10−4 mol.L−1 after 24 and 168 h of treatment, and 2.96 × 10−5 mol.L−1 after 168 h of treatment. The highest content of genistin (0.3 mg. g−1 DW) was detected after 24 h of elicitor treatment at a concentration of 2.96 × 10−4 mol.L−1. The maximum content of daidzein (3.80 mg.L−1) released into the suspension culture medium was found after elicitor application at a concentration of 2.96 × 10−4 mol.L−1 after 12 h of treatment.

scholarly journals Identification and quantitative determination of pinoresinol in Taxus ×media Rehder needles, cell suspension and shoot cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Mistrzak ◽  
Hanna Celejewska-Marciniak ◽  
Wojciech J. Szypuła ◽  
Olga Olszowska ◽  
Anna K. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Taxus Media ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures

The aim of our study was to investigate the presence and quantitative contents of lignans in the tissues of <em>Taxus</em> ×<em>media</em>. The presence of the lignans: pinoresinol, matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol was assessed in needles, shoots cultures and suspension culture. Pinoresinol was the only lignan found in the tissue of <em>T.</em> ×<em>media</em>. The total pinoresinol content in the needles and in the shoots was 1.24 mg/g dry weight (dw) and 0.69 mg/g dw, respectively. Most of the pinoresinol identified was appeared glycosidically bound. In needles, the amount of glycosidically bound pinoresinol (0.81 mg/g dw) was about twice as high as that of free pinoresinol (0.43 mg/g dw). The content of free and glycosidically bound pinoresinol showed the level of 0.18 mg/g dw and 0.51 mg/g dw, respectively in the in vitro shoot cultures. In the cell culture, no pinoresinol was found.

scholarly journals Polpa de banana e sacarose no desenvolvimento in vitro de orquídeas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Eliane Lima de = Aquino ◽  
◽  
Tarcísio Rangel do Couto ◽  
João Sebastião de Paula Araújo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Weight Number

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding two types of banana pulp, combined with varying concentrations of sacarose on the growth of Cattleya sp. plantlets. Hybrid LCTV-01 seedlings (Cattleya labiata rubra x Cattleya labiata semi alba) made to germinate in vitro were inoculated in an MS culture medium with half the concentration of nutrients and supplemented with 60 g.L-1 'maçã' or 'terra' banana pulp in addition to different concentrations of sacarose (10, 20 and 30 g.L-1. The entirely randomized experimental design was chosen, implemented in seven treatments, ten repetitions and eight seedlings per repetition. After 160 days of in vitro cultivation, variables of fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots and length of the longest root were evaluated. It was found that the addition of banana pulp of any of the analyzed cultivars promoted better seedling growth. Additionally, the 20 g.L-1 sacarose concentration yielded better results for the analyzed variables.

In Vitro Screening for Hepatotoxicity of Xenobiotics using Isolated Hepatocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Karel Lavrijsen ◽  
Derk Van Dijck ◽  
Jos Van Houdt ◽  
Ingrid Van Pelt ◽  
Willem Meuldermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Ldh Release

Isolated hepatocytes from male rats were cultured in primary cell culture in 24-well dishes for 20–24 hours in the presence of the various test compounds. Cytotoxicity at the end of the culture period was evaluated by the determination of LDH-release into the culture medium or by quantification of DNA content as a measure of the cell number in each well. Toxic xenobiotics, such as chlorpromazine, were able to induce LDH-release at up to 5 times the background levels at concentrations of 10-4–10-5 M. For most compounds, the increase in LDH-release was closely related to a decrease in cell number, as measured by the DNA method. Two culture conditions which might influence the cytotoxic response were investigated. Prolongation of the culture time increased the toxicity of some compounds, e.g. sodium dodecylsulphate, whereas for other compounds, e.g. amitriptyline, no change was noted. Addition of serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein decreased the toxicity of chlorpromazine to isolated hepatocytes. These results indicate that isolated hepatocytes might represent a useful in vitro toxicity screening system, and that careful standardisation of the culture conditions is necessary.

scholarly journals In vitro application of integrated selection index for screening drought tolerant genotypes in common wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezatollah FARSHADFAR ◽  
Reza Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant

<p style="margin: 0cm -0.05pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 453.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This experiment was conducted on 20 wheat genotypes during 2010-2011 growing season at the Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. A completely randomized design with six replications was used for callus induction and a 20 × 2 factorial experiment with three replications was used for response of genotypes to <em>in vitro</em> drought stress. ANOVA exhibited highly significant differences among the genotypes for callus growth rate, relative fresh mass growth, relative growth rate, callus water content, percent of callus chlorosis and proline content under stress condition (15 % PEG). PCA showed that the integrated selection index was correlated with callus growth index, relative fresh mass growth, relative growth rate and proline content indicating that these screening techniques can be useful for selecting drought tolerant genotypes. Screening drought tolerant genotypes and <em>in vitro</em> indicators of drought tolerance using mean rank, standard deviation of ranks and biplot analysis, discriminated genotypes 2, 18 and 10 as the most drought tolerant. Therefore they are recommended to be used as parents for genetic analysis, gene mapping and improvement of drought tolerance.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Variation in Resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Acid Environments as a Function of Culture Medium

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6833-6840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nackmoon Sung ◽  
Michael T. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Sds Page

ABSTRACT Acid resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was examined as a function of growth conditions (i.e., in vitro growth medium and pH). M. paratuberculosis was cultured in either fatty acid-containing medium (7H9-OADC) or glycerol-containing medium (WR-GD or 7H9-GD) at two culture pHs (pHs 6.0 and 6.8). Organisms produced in these six medium and pH conditions were then tested for resistance to acetate buffer at pHs 3, 4, 5, and 6 at 20°C. A radiometric culture method (BACTEC) was used to quantify viable M. paratuberculosis cell data at various acid exposure times, and D values (decimal reduction times, or the times required to kill a 1-log10 concentration of bacteria) were determined. Soluble proteins of M. paratuberculosis grown under all six conditions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to identify proteins that may be associated with acid resistance or susceptibility. The culture medium affected growth rate and morphology: thin floating sheets of cells were observed in 7H9-OADC versus confluent, thick, waxy, and wrinkled pellicles in WR-GD. Culture medium pH affected growth rate (which was highest at pH 6.0), but it had little or no effect on D values for M. paratuberculosis at any test pH. When grown in 7H9-OADC, M. paratuberculosis was more acid resistant at all test pHs (higher D values) than when grown in WR-GD. Glycerol appeared to be the culture medium component most responsible for lower levels of M. paratuberculosis acid resistance. When glycerol was substituted for OADC in the 7H9 medium, D values were significantly lower than those of 7H9-OADC-grown M. paratuberculosis and were approximately the same as those for M. paratuberculosis grown in WR-GD medium. Comparison of the SDS-PAGE protein profiles for M. paratuberculosis cultures grown in 7H9-OADC, WR-GD, or 7H9-GD medium revealed that increased expression of 34.2- and 14.0-kDa proteins was associated with higher levels of acid resistance of M. paratuberculosis grown in 7H9-OADC medium and that 56.6- and 41.3-kDa proteins were associated with lower levels of acid resistance. This is the first report showing that in vitro culture conditions significantly affect growth characteristics, acid resistance, and protein expression of M. paratuberculosis, and the results emphasize the importance of culture conditions for in vitro susceptibility studies.

The effect of concentrate level on the intakes of silages or hays by ewes in the 1st month of lactation

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractIn three experiments, four grass silages and four grass hays were offeredad libitum to a total of 164 Finn Dorset ewes rearing twins in the 1st month of lactation. In addition, one of three constant daily levels (300, 650 or 1000 g fresh weight per ewe) of a barley-based concentrate was offered. In the first experiment, replacement rate of silage with in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) of 0·65 was less than for hay (OMD 0·59), at –0·09 v. –0·62 g forage OM per g concentrates OM. Consequently, lamb growth rate was greater and ewe weight loss was less with increased concentrate level for the silage than for the hay. In the second experiment, the replacement rates of three silages (OMD 0·56, 0·60 and 0·67) were not significantly different (mean –0·29) and, once again, increased concentrate level gave significantly better ewe and lamb performance. Finally, the replacement rates for three hays (OMD 0·51, 0·59 and 0·72) were also not significantly different (mean –0·30). Equations are presented to predict the intakes of hays and silages by ewes in early lactation.

scholarly journals Application of organic fungicide in controlling basal stem rot disease for mature oil palm

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Hayati MINARSIH ◽  
Djoko SANTOSO ◽  
Deden Dewantara ERIS ◽  
Galuh Wening PERMATASARI
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Rot Disease

Ganoderma is a major pathogen in oil palm crops. Some efforts related to control the growth of Ganoderma have been conducted but still have not found an effective method. This study aims to develop an organic fungicide that has been tested in vitro, which effective in controlling the growth of Ganoderma. The optimization carried out includes the determination of the dose and time interval for application in 13-year-old mature oil palm. This organic fungicide application was the continuation of application during the previous year especially for the two best treatment which is application organic fungicide every week (1w) and every two weeks (2w). In this study, the treatments tested were three levels dose of organic fungicide (0, 1x and 2x) and two types of frequency application, i.e. every week (1w) and every other week (2w). The results showed that the best application of organic fungicides was every week application with twice doses (1w.2x), based on the parameters of the inhibition of Ganoderma’s fruiting body formation, primary and secondary root formation, the opening of spear leaves, and harvesting parameters. The application of organic fungicide able to recover the oil palm infected Ganoderma sp., with increasing the fresh fruit bunch and its weight around 70% and 78%, respectively.

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