scholarly journals A comparison of methods for the non-destructive fresh weight determination of filamentous algae for growth rate analysis and dry weight estimation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 2925-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Ross ◽  
Michele S. Stanley ◽  
John G. Day ◽  
Andrea J.C. Semião
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Experimental model for in vivo determination of dietary fibre and its effect on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
H. Andersson ◽  
B. Hallgren ◽  
Kristina Hasselblad ◽  
B. Isaksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Definition Of

1. An experimental model for the determination of dietary fibre according to the definition of Trowell et al. (1976) is described. Food was subjected to in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients, and the ileostomy contents were collected quantitatively, the polysaccharide components of which were analysed by gas–liquid chromatography and the Klason lignin by gravimetric determination. The model was used for the determination of dietary fibre in AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists), wheat bran and for studies on the extent of hydrolysis of wheat-bran fibre in the stomach and small intestine. The effect of wheat bran on ileostomy losses of nitrogen, starch and electrolytes was also investigated.2. Nine patients with established ileostomies were studied during two periods while on a constant low-fibre diet. In the second period 16 g AACC wheat bran/d was added to the diet. The ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet were subjected to determinations of wet weight, dry weight, water content, fibre components, starch, N, sodium and potassium.3. The wet weight of ileostomy contents increased by 94 g/24 h and dry weight by 10 g/24 h after consumption of bran. The dietary fibre of AACC bran, determined as the increase in polysaccharides and lignin of ileostomy contents after consumption of bran, was 280 g/kg fresh weight (310 g/kg dry matter). Direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in bran gave a value of 306 g/kg fresh weight. Of the added bran hemicellulose and cellulose 80–100% and 75–100% respectively were recovered in ileostomy contents. There was no significant difference between the two periods in amount of N, starch and K found in the ileostomy contents. The Na excretion increased during the ‘bran’ period and correlated well with the wet weight of ileostomy contents.4. In conclusion, it seems probable that determination of dietary fibre by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients comes very close to the theoretical definition of dietary fibre, as the influence of bacteria in the ileum seems small. Bacterial growth should be avoided by using a technique involving the change of ileostomy bags every 2 h and immediate deep-freezing of the ileostomy contents. True dietary fibre can be determined by direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in the food, at least in bran. Very little digestion of hemicellulose and cellulose from bran occurs in the stomach and small bowel. The 10–20% loss in some patients may be due to digestion by the gastric juice or to bacterial fermentation in the ileum, or both. The extra amount of faecal N after consumption of bran, reported by others, is probably produced in the large bowel.

Growth rates of the lichen Lobaria oregana as determined from sequential photographs

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 2226-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Rhoades
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lobaria Oregana ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Epiphyte Community

The foliose lichen Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. is an important nitrogen-fixing component of the canopy epiphyte community in old-growth Douglas fir forests of the Pacific Northwest. This paper presents a non-destructive method for estimating the growth rate (grams per year) for L. oregana thalli of different weights.Photographs were made over a 2-year period of six in situ thalli. From a relationship of the photographic thallus area and weight of these and 31 other thalli, the dry weight of each of the six thalli is estimated through time. A growth rate is computed for each thallus and a relationship between growth rate and initial thallus weight is determined. Growth rate (grams per year) = exp (−0.8581 + 0.8444 (loge initial weight (grams))). The maximum radial growth rate of lobes of L. oregana determined from the photographs (9.4 mm/year) is comparable with rates for similar species.

scholarly journals Determination of Salt Tolerance of Oil Palm SUP-PSU 1 Using Cell Suspension Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirasak Sukdee ◽  
Sompong Te-chato ◽  
SUREERAT YENCHON
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Fresh Weight

Abstract Oil palm is an oil crop that produces the highest oil yield throughout the year. Repeated application of fertilizer in oil palm orchard results in severe salinity of planting areas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine growth, physiochemistry and re-growth of calli as effected by sodium chloride (NaCl). The calli were cultured in liquid oil palm culture medium (OPCM) supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mM), 0.1 mg/l dicamba and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The results showed that increase in concentrations of NaCl and exposure times decreased growth rate of cells in suspension culture. The concentration of NaCl which inhibited growth rate at 50 % (IC50) was 166.73 mM after culture for 12 weeks. Increase in concentrations of NaCl and exposure times increased electrolyte leakage (EL), changing of electrical conductivity (EC) medium and proline content. NaCl at concentration of 400 mM gave the highest EL, changing of EC medium and proline content at 82.22 %, 3.77 mS/cm and 64.93 µg/gFW, respectively. Over 200 mM NaCl oil palm cells cannot survive. After transfer treated callus clumps to OPCM without NaCl for 8 weeks, the clumps treated in 50 mM NaCl gave the highest fresh weight at 416.5 mg while 100 mM gave the highest average number of nodules per tube at 84 nodules. This result suggests that cells of oil palm in vitro could not stand to NaCl at concentration higher than 200 mM.

scholarly journals Use of Non-Destructive Measurements to Identify Cucurbit Species (Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata) Tolerant to Waterlogged Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hung Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Yi-Ru Su
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Destructive

Limited information is available regarding the physiology of squash plants grown under waterlogging stress. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth and physiological performances of three cucurbit species, Cucurbita maxima cultivar (cv.) OK-101 (OK) and Cucurbita moschata cv. Early Price (EP) and Strong Man (SM), in response to waterlogging conditions, and to develop a precise, integrated, and quantitative non-destructive measurement of squash genotypes under stress. All tested plants were grown in a growth chamber under optimal irrigation and growth conditions for a month, and the pot plants were then subjected to non-waterlogging (control) and waterlogging treatments for periods of 1, 3, 7, and 13 days (d), followed by a 3-d post-waterlogging recovery period after water drainage. Plants with phenotypes, such as fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and dry matter (DM) of shoots and roots, and various physiological systems, including relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, ratio of variable/maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield (YII), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) values, responded differently to waterlogging stress in accordance with the duration of the stress period and subsequent recovery period. When plants were treated with stress for 13 d, all plants exhibited harmful effects to their leaves compared with the control, but EP squash grew better than SM and OK squashes and exhibited stronger tolerance to waterlogging and showed less injury. Changes in the fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter of shoots and roots indicated that OK plants suffered more severely than EP plants at the 3-d drainage period. The values of RWC, SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI in both SM and OK plants remarkably decreased at waterlogging at the 13-d time point compared with controls under identical time periods. However, the increased levels of SPAD, Fv/Fm, YII, NDVI, and PRI observed on 7 d or 13 d of waterlogging afforded the EP plant leaf with improved waterlogged tolerance. Significant and positive correlations were observed among NDVI and PRI with SPAD, Fv/Fm, and YII, indicating that these photosynthetic indices can be useful for developing non-destructive estimations of chlorophyll content in squashes when screening for waterlogging-tolerant plants, for establishing development practices for their cultivation in fields, and for enhanced cultivation during waterlogging in frequently flooded areas.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN SAYUR PELENG (Spinacia oleracea) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA BERBAGAI MULSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Robert G. Marpaung ◽  
Boy Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims at determing the response of growth and production of peleng vegetables to the application of liquid organic fertilizer in various mulch. The study was conducted on land located in Simalingkar A Medan with a height of ± 32 m above sea level, began from May to August 2017. The research method used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of NASA liquid organic fertilizer (P) which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = control, P1 = 3 ml / l water and P2 = 6 ml / l water. The second factor is the provision of mulch (M) which consists of three types, namely: M0: without mulching, M1: rice straw mulch and M2: black silver plastic mulch (MPHP). The results showed that the treatment of NASA liquid organic fertilizer up to 6 ml / l water significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but differed not markedly on the relative growth rate of plants. The treatment of organic mulch and black silver mulch significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but not significantly different to the relative growth rate of plants. The interaction between NASA's liquid organic fertilizer treatment and mulch administration had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight per sample, plant fresh weight per plot, plant dry weight per sample, plant dry weight per plot and relative plant growth rate

A Reappraisal of the Growth and Development of Peach Fruit

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Chalmers ◽  
BVD Ende
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Lag Period

Both the fresh weight and dry weigh increase of peach fruit [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv. Golden Queen] have a double-sigmoid pattern. However, the lag period of slow fresh weight increase (fresh- weight-stage II) began and finished 1 month earlier than the start and finish respectively of the lag period of dry weight increase (dry-weight-stage II). Similarly, after the fruit had matured the rate of fresh weight increase declined 1 week before the rate of dry weight increase declined. The stone increased in dry weight rapidly in fresh-weight-stage II and this was accompanied by a compensating decline in the rate of dry weight increase of the flesh. There was no rapid increase in the dry weight of the seed until the rate of dry weight increase of the stone declined at the beginning of dry-weight-stage II. Although the decrease in the growth rate of the stone was accompanied by a marked increase in soluble sugar in the flesh, there was no compensating increase in growth rate of the flesh. While the second rapid stage of fresh weight increase (fresh-weight-stage III) was not accompanied by other apparent physiological changes, the second rapid stage of dry weight increase began at the same time as ripening commenced. The rate of natural abscission and the rate at which chlorophyll was degraded, both of which are known to indicate the level of ethylene present in the tissue, were high in dry-weight-stage I and dry-weight-stage III and low in dry-weight-stage II. The rate of growth of the fruit and its parts during different stages, the growth of the seed, the rate of abscission and chlorophyll degradation and the level of the major metabolites present in the fruit were all intricately interrelated. We have discussed the physiological significance of these observations and the way in which they may relate to earlier studies of peach fruit growth.

Relations Between Growth Parameters in Oil Palm Seedlings Grown in Polybags

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThe relation between some growth parameters in polybag oil palm nursery seedlings were assessed. ‘Non-destructive’ parameters such as leaf number, seedling height and girth were highly and positively correlated with one another and with the dry weight of seedlings. Amongst the ‘destructive’ parameters only leaf area, height/weight ratio and fresh weight were positively correlated with dry weight. The Leaf Area Index was poorly correlated with other parameters examined. The relevance of these findings to the selection of oil palm seedlings for transplanting into the field is discussed.

scholarly journals STUDY ON BAMBOO RHIZOBACTERIA TO RED ONION VARIETY GROWTH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Agrivet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekti Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Plot Design

The research was conducted in Gamol, Balecatur, Gamping, Sleman regency, Indonesia. The research aimed to study bamboo rhizobacteria to red onion three variety growth. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design. The main factor was red onion variety, namely Bima, Biru and Thailand. The sub factor was bamboo rhizobacteria concentration, include 0%, 0.75% and 1.5%. The variables include hight of plant, number of leave, number of plant, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plan. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of 5% significance level. The results that there wasn’t interaction between the red onion variety and bamboo rhizobacteria on all of variables. Rhizobacteria bamboo increase Sum Growth Rate and Tolerance Index. Thailand Variety of red onion put up the highest Sum Growth Rate.Key words: red onion, varietas, bamboo, rhizobacteria, growth

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Automated Sonic Bloom Method in An IoT-Based Hydroponic System

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Seli Suhesti ◽  
Aji Gautama Putrada ◽  
Rizka Reza Pahlevi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Crop Parameters ◽  
Hydroponic Growth

One of the solutions for food security is planting using hydroponic method and to increase productivity and help hydroponic grow faster and facilitate in monitoring hydroponic growth, sonic bloom and Internet of Things (IoT) are two technologies that can be used. However, in previous studies, the two systems have not been interconnected. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of the two systems mentioned, hence creating an automated sonic bloom method in an IoT-based hydroponic system. To test the proposed method, this system is implemented with bok choi as the hydroponic plant using the DFT technique. The automated sonic bloom is embedded to the IoT system with DF Player Mini module, RTC module, and speakers. The evaluation is done by comparing growth parameters and the crop parameters. The results show that the system with sonic bloom produces fresh weight of 0,44-0,56 g and dry weight of 0,21–0,33 g. The mentioned results are superior to the system without sonic bloom, where fresh weight is 0,17–0,25 g and dry weight is 0,08–0,13 g. It can be concluded that the IoT-based sonic bloom system is effective in increasing the growth rate and hydroponic production rate.

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