Comparative LCA of Automotive Gear Hobbing Processes with Flood Lubrication and MQL

Abstract The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data of a gear hobbing was obtained by means of the methodology Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory (UPLCI), in order to conduct a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) between hobbing assisted by Flood Lubrication (FL) and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). The results of the LCIA pointed out 4 among 11 normalized environmental impact categories totalized more than 80% of the accumulated impacts: fossil depletion (43%), climate changes (19%), terrestrial acidification (11%) and freshwater consumption (8%). The identified hotspot in the case study was the input flow of raw material for the system “Hobbing Machine”, which was linked to more than 75% of the total amount of normalized potential environmental impacts. Once, changes on raw material depends on the gear design, the research focused on the environmental aspects of energy and cutting fluid consumption, which depends directly on the hobbing process parameters. The introduction of MQL provided reduction of 70.77% on the total amount of normalized potential environmental impacts, while the strategies to reduce electric energy consumption by the machine tool accounted only for 3.74%. The consumption of energy and cutting fluids are the main environmental aspects of the gear hobbing process itself, since they are directly associated to the majority of potential environmental impacts derived from that machining operation. Nevertheless, when raw material flow is taken into account in the LCA, it turns into the process hotspot, due to high energy demanded in the steel-making process, forging and turning operations to shape the semi-finished gear.

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Reuse of Barley Straw for Handmade Paper Production

10.20944/preprints202103.0307.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alma Delia Delia Román Gutiérrez ◽

Juan Hernandez Avila ◽

Antonia Karina Vargas M. ◽

Eduardo Cerecedo Saenz ◽

Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Handmade Paper ◽

Organic Solid Waste ◽

Organic Solid ◽

Spent Grain

Usually in the manufacture of beer by fermentation of barley, in both industrialized and developing countries significant amounts of organic solid waste are produced from barley straw. These possibly have an impact on the carbon footprint with an effect on global warming. According to this, it is important to reduce environmental impact of these solid residues, and an adequate way is the recycling using them as raw material for the elaboration of handmade paper. Therefore, it is required to manage this type of waste by analyzing the environmental impact, and thus be able to identify sustainable practices for the treatment of this food waste, evaluating its life cycle, which is a useful methodology to estimate said environmental impacts. It is because of this work shows the main results obtained using the life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology, to evaluate the possible environmental impacts during the waste treatment of a brewery located in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The residues evaluated were barley straw, malt residues and spent grain, and at the end, barley straw was selected to determine in detail its environmental impact and its reuse, the sheets analyzed presented a grammage that varies from 66 g/m2 and 143 g/m2, resistance to burst was 117 to 145 kpa, with a crystallinity of 34.4% to 37.1%.

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The Impact Assessment of Campus Buildings Based on a Life Cycle Assessment–Life Cycle Cost Integrated Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12010294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhuyuan Xue ◽

Hongbo Liu ◽

Qinxiao Zhang ◽

Jingxin Wang ◽

Jilin Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Integrated Model ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Impact

The development of higher education has led to an increasing demand for campus buildings. To promote the sustainable development of campus buildings, this paper combines social willingness-to-pay (WTP) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on the characteristics of Chinese campus buildings to establish a life cycle assessment–life cycle cost (LCA–LCC) integrated model. Based on this model, this paper analyses the teaching building at a university in North China. The results show that the environmental impacts and economic costs are largest in the operation phase of the life cycle, mainly because of the use of electric energy. The environmental impacts and economic costs during the construction phase mainly come from the building material production process (BMPP); in this process, steel is the main source. Throughout the life cycle, abiotic depletion-fossil fuel potential (ADP fossil) and global warming potential (GWP) are the most prominent indexes. Further analysis shows that these two indexes should be the emphases of similar building assessments in the near future. Finally, this study offers suggestions for the proposed buildings and existing buildings based on the prominent problems found in the case study, with the aim to provide reference for the design, construction, and operation management of similar buildings.

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Energy consumption model of plasma spraying based on unit process life cycle inventory

Journal of Materials Research and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.11.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 15324-15334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liming Wang ◽

Xueju Ran ◽

Yanle Li ◽

Fangyi Li ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Plasma Spraying ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Unit Process ◽

Energy Consumption Model ◽

Consumption Model

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Is Recycling Always the Best Option? Environmental Assessment of Recycling of Seashell as Aggregates in Noise Barriers

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8070776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Begoña Peceño ◽

Carlos Leiva ◽

Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas ◽

Alejandro Gallego-Schmid

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Point Of View ◽

Raw Material ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Noise Barriers ◽

Noise Barrier ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Natural Aggregates

Waste recycling is an essential part of waste management. The concrete industry allows the use of large quantities of waste as a substitute for a conventional raw material without sacrificing the technical properties of the product. From a circular economy point of view, this is an excellent opportunity for waste recycling. Nevertheless, in some cases, the recycling process can be undesirable because it does not involve a net saving in resource consumption or other environmental impacts when compared to the conventional production process. In this study, the environmental performance of conventional absorption porous barriers, composed of 86 wt % of natural aggregates and 14 wt % cement, was compared with barriers composed of 80 wt % seashell waste and 20 wt % cement through an attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment. The results show that, for the 11 environmental impact categories considered, the substitution of the natural aggregates with seashell waste involves higher environmental impacts, between 32% and 267%. These results are justified by the high contribution to these impacts of the seashell waste pre-treatment and the higher cement consumption. Therefore, the recycling of seashells in noise barrier manufacturing is not justified from an environmental standpoint with the current conditions. In this sense, it could be concluded that life cycle assessments should be carried out simultaneously with the technical development of the recycling process to ensure a sustainable solution.

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Comparison of Life Cycle Assessment of Two Toasters

Volume 2: 31st Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/detc2011-48772 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Raghunathan Srinivasan ◽

Gaurav Ameta

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Energy Use ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Impact ◽

Household Products ◽

Use Phase ◽

One Year

The objective of this paper is to determine and compare the environmental impacts of two toasters: standard and eco-friendly. The most rapidly growing sector for the e-waste world comes from Electronic household products. More than 2 million tons of electronic products are disposed off as solid waste to landfills in the US alone. The demand for energy supplies has been rapidly increasing in the past decade. Strict legislative measures should be enforced to protect the environment by making industries collect back the manufactured products at the End-of-Life (EOL) from the users and recycle the products. If these necessary steps are not taken, then these e-wastes will impose serious threat to society and the environment. In order to re-design environmentally friendly products and facilitate sustainable take-back planning, current products need to be evaluated for their environmental impacts. One of the widely used methodologies to assess the environmental impacts of a product is called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a cradle to grave approach for assessing the environmental impacts of a product. The cradle to grave approach includes raw material phase, manufacturing and assembly phase, use phase, recovery phase and disposal phase. The system boundary for LCA presented in this paper includes material phase, manufacturing phase, use-phase and disposal phase. The functional unit for the LCA is entire life of the toaster which is one year based on manufacturer’s warranty which also includes the rate of usage. The environmental impacts from the two toasters as presented in this paper include eutrophication, acidification, energy-use and global warming. The use phase energy impact is experimentally determined.

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Environmental impacts of biogas deployment – Part I: life cycle inventory for evaluation of production process emissions to air

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 168-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Martina Poeschl ◽

Shane Ward ◽

Philip Owende

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Production Process ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Life Cycle Inventory

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Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory Models of Hot Forming Processes

Volume 2: Systems; Micro and Nano Technologies; Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2013-1054 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer J. Buis ◽

John W. Sutherland ◽

Fu Zhao

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Process Improvement ◽

Life Cycle Inventory ◽

Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

Hot Forming ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Machining Processes ◽

Unit Process ◽

Starting Point

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to evaluate the environmental profile of a product or process, and can serve as a starting point for product and process improvement. Using LCA to support sustainable product design and sustainable manufacturing has recently attracted increasing interest. Unfortunately, the available life cycle inventory databases have very limited coverage of manufacturing processes. To make matters worse, the available datasets are either highly aggregated or consider only selected processes and process conditions. In addition, in the case of the latter, the data provided may be based on limited measurements or even just estimates. This raises questions on applicability of these databases to manufacturing process improvement where different operating parameters and conditions are adopted. Recently a novel methodology called “unit process life cycle inventory” or “uplci” has been proposed to address these issues, and models for several machining processes (e.g., turning, milling, and drilling) and joining (e.g, submerged arc welding) have been developed. This paper follows the uplci approach and develops models for a series of hot forming processes, including billet heating, performing, and indirect extrusion. It is shown that the model predictions on energy consumption are in good agreement with data measured on a production line. For hot forming processes, the results suggest that billet heating dominates the overall energy consumption and the carbon footprint relative to the deformation steps.

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Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Sugar Industries

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183104011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 04011

Author(s):

Arieyanti Dwi Astuti ◽

Rahayu Siwi Dwi Astuti ◽

Hadiyanto Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Human Life ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Leading Industry ◽

Process System ◽

Very High

Sugar is one of the main commodities that are needed for human life. The demand of sugar is very high with the trend increase from year to year. This condition makes the sugar industry become a leading industry that must be maintained sustainability. The sustainability of the sugar industry is influenced by the use of energy and natural resources and the resulting environmental impacts. Therefore, an effort is needed to analyze the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts resulting from a product (sugar), by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a very important tool for the analysis of a process/system from its cradle to grave. This technique is very useful in the estimation of energy usage and environmental load of a product/system. This paper aims to describe the main elements of sugar industries using Life Cycle Assessment.

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