scholarly journals Etiologies of Fever of Unknown Origin in HIV/AIDS Patients, Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Thu Nguyen ◽  
Hai Yen Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hao Nguyen ◽  
Minh Quang Khong ◽  
Kim Ngoc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Fever ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Prolonged fever is a challenge for clinicians in managing patients with HIV/AIDS. Their TCD4 counts can be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine several common etiologies of prolonged fever and their distribution in different TCD4 count levels in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 195 HIV/AIDS patients with fever of unknown origin admitted to National Hospital for Tropical Diseases from January 2016 to June 2019. Clinical parameters, immune status, and etiologies for each patient were recorded. Odds ratio was used to compare the distribution of common etiologies in two different TCD4 count levels, including <50 cells/mm3 and ≥50 cells/mm3.Results: The proportion of opportunistic infections and non-infectious etiologies was 93.3% and 3.6%, respectively. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection (46.7%), followed by Talaromycosis (29.2%) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (20.5%). Tuberculosis was predominant in all stratified CD4 levels. Most cases with Talaromycosis had CD4 counts below 50 cells/mm3. 53.8% of cases were infected by one pathogen. There was no difference between the number of concurrent etiologies and T-CD4 levels. Conclusions: Opportunistic infections, especially tuberculosis, are still the leading cause of prolonged fever in HIV/AIDS patients. Talaromyces marnefei should be screened in patients with CD4 <50 cells/mm3. This study implies that guidelines regarding providing the appropriate treatment for FUO-HIV patients based on the CD4 cells count should be developed that may reduce the burden of clinicians in managing HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MELALUI KONSELING INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP RESPON SOSIAL, EMOSIONAL DAN SPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Indah Jayani ◽  
Fatma Sayekti Ruffaida
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

Approach to PLWHA by providing interpersonal counseling is the right thing to do to overcome psychological problems including social, emotional and spiritual aspects of PLWHA. This study aims to look at the effect of interpersonal counseling on social, emotional and spiritual responses in HIV/ AIDS patients. This research is a type of non-experimental research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample is post-test people and tested positive for HIV in the Kediri region, which is 32 with purpossive sampling technique. Data on social, emotional and spiritual responses were obtained based on the results of data recapitulation from the instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test showed there were differences between social responses of HIV/AIDS patients before and after given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000, there were differences between the emotional responses of HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given counseling with p value = 0,000, and there is a difference between spiritual responses in HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000. It can be concluded that interpersonal counseling influences social, emotional and spiritual responses of HIV/AIDS patients. It is recommended that the mentoring of HIV/AIDS patients through interpersonal counseling can continue so as to enhance physiological responses that will have an impact on disease prognosis, prevention of opportunistic infections and reduce mortality rates for HIV patients/ AIDS.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals The Association of CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 Ratio with Thyroid Dysfunction in HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
MI. Diah Pramudianti ◽  
Dian Ariningrum
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Hiv Aids

Incidence of thyroid dysfunction increases in HIV/AIDS patients. It can be a hypothyroid or hyperthyroid, with subclinical hypothyroid predomination. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the progression of HIV and low CD4 counts. There has been controversy over how HIV affects thyroid function. Opportunistic infections and HBV/HCV co-infections might increase the probability of thyroid dysfunction. Medication of HIV is also an important factor of thyroid dysfunction. Research shows that the use of ART increases the probability of thyroid dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the association between CD4 counts, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV RNA viral load with thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from August to September 2020 in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta on 60 HIV/AIDS patients. All subjects were 18-60 years old. The research data were analyzed with a 2x2 test table to determine the Prevalence Ratio (PR) of each variable, then multivariate analysis with logistic regression was continued. The study showed 6.7% thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients, 5% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 1.7% subclinical hypothyroidism. The CD4 counts [PR 13.36 (95% CI: 1.53-116,65; p=0.017) and CD8 counts [PR 0.91 (95% CI: 3 0.02-0.51; p=0.032)] significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients. CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm and 3 CD8 counts ≥500 cells/mm were associated with the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients, while CD4/CD8 ratio and HIV RNA viral load were not associated. CD4 count was not an independent predictor of thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Incidence prevalence and pattern of tuberculosis treatment in HIV/AIDS patients in Regional General Hospital of Bandung city

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Yani Mulyani ◽  
Raden Roro Maryana Ulfah ◽  
Rizki Siti Nurfitria
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV causes a decrease in immunity which makes the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis. This research aims to find out the prevalence, patient descriptions’, treatment pattern and therapeutic goals for tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients who were taking the medication in polyclinic of DOTS and polyclinic of VCT in Regional General Hospital Of Bandung City. This was nonexperimental research. Data was collected retrospectively with cross-sectional approach using secondary data which were TB-01 form and HIV Care Summary Form and Antiretroviral Therapy from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.  From 668 Tuberculosis occurrence, there were 25 patients suffered HIV/AIDS. Result obtained the most risk factors was homosexual (60%), with the most ART treatment combination were Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Evarirenz, 4% has a drug allergic, the most TB treatment history was new case (92%), with the most kind was pulmonary TB (56%), the most Anti TB treatment was category I (92%) and 60% patients done with full therapy

Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy in the Evaluation of Fever of Unknown Origin in Patients with AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Bahar Ataeinia ◽  
Fatemeh Ghadimi ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Banafsheh Moradmand Badie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Counts

Background: HIV can interrupt the normal development of bone marrow cell lines. Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy (BMA/B) has been described as a diagnostic tool in AIDS patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). In this study, we aimed to study patients with AIDS who had undergone a BMA/B to investigate FUO and describe the pathologies diagnosed in the biopsy. Methods: Thirty-four BMA/B samples were collected from AIDS patients admitted for workup of FUO to the infectious disease ward of a tertiary referral HIV center in Tehran, Iran, between September 2014 and September 2015. Data including age, sex, duration of disease, CD4 cell counts, hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) coinfection, the primary presentation of AIDS, and the treatment history were retrieved and analyzed. Patients underwent BMA/B. An expert pathologist reviewed the BMA/B specimens. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.5 years (range, 26-56), and 27 (79%) were men. Twenty-seven (79%) patients contracted HIV from injection drug use, and 7 (21%) via sexual transmission. Only 3 (9%) of the BMA/B examinations were normal. Hypocellular bone marrow was diagnosed in 22 (65%) patients. Other pathologies included granulomas in 6 (18%), hematologic malignancies in 2 (6%), and leishmaniasis Aspergillosis, each in 1 (3%) patient. Six (17%) of the specimens were found to have tuberculosis infections. Conclusion: Hypocellular bone marrow was the most common pathology on BMA/B examinations, followed by the presence of granulomas. Tuberculosis, Aspergillosis, and Leishmaniasis were the opportunistic infections diagnosed on BMA/B specimens. Our results support BMA/B as an appropriate diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of opportunistic infections and malignancies in AIDS. BMA/B is indispensable in the armament of diagnostic tools of the physicians managing AIDS patients.

Fever of Unknown Origin in HIV/AIDS Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Hot ◽  
Laura Schmulewitz ◽  
Jean-Paul Viard ◽  
Olivier Lortholary
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Evaluation of the histopathological hepatic lesions and opportunistic agents in Brazilian HIV patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziella Hanna Pereira ◽  
Diva Carvalho Collarile Yamagutti ◽  
João Silva de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Granulomatous Hepatitis ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Hepatic Lesions

INTRODUCTION: to evaluated the type histopathological hepatic lesions and opportunistic agents in Brazilian HIV-infected patients. METHODS: we examined 52 percutaneous liver biopsies of 50 HIV-infected patients who had at least two of the following conditions: fever of unknown origin, unexplained severe emaciation, hepatomegaly or abnormal liver chemistry. The specimens were cultured for mycobacteria and fungi and stained by standard procedures. RESULTS: reactive patterns, granulomatous hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis were verified in 28 (54%), 11 (21%) and 8 (15%) of the patients respectively. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed in 18 (36%) patients: mycobacteria in 12 (24%), Cryptococcus neoformans in 5 (10%) patients and mycobacteria and yeast was isolated from the same liver fragment in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: mycobacteriosis was the most common opportunistic infection and liver tissue culture is an important method to detect opportunistic agents, even in the absence of histological lesions.

scholarly journals Manifestations of Bone Marrow Abnormalities of HIV/AIDS Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Dr. Soumya Kanti Pramanik ◽  
◽  
Dr. Mamata Guha Mallick Sinha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus can involve almost any organ system. Anemia is themost common hematological manifestation in HIV/AIDS patients. Bone marrow changes includevarying degrees of dysplasia in one or more cell lines, plasmacytosis, opportunistic infections andhematological malignancies. There are only a few studies where hematological manifestations ofHIV/AIDS patients had been described. Materials and Methods: 100 HIV positive patients, agedbetween 12-65 years were enrolled in this hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study wasconducted from March 2016 to March 2018. A complete blood count, CD4 counts were done, besidesa thorough history and clinical examination. HIV positive patients were classified as those havingAIDS and Non-AIDS, according to NACO criteria. Written informed consent was taken from patientsand bone marrow aspiration was done. Results: Total number of patients included in the study was100. We were able to do a CD4 count of 91 patients. As per criteria, out of 91 patients, 37 cases hadAIDS. The most common hematological abnormality was anemia, seen in 95.45%of patients. Bonemarrow was normocellular in 86.48% of AIDS and 85.18% of non-AIDS, hypocellular in 8.10% ofAIDS and 9.25%o f non- AIDS, hypercellular in 5.40% of AIDS and 5.55% of non-AIDS patients.Dysplasia was statistically and significantly associated with anemia. The commonest dysplasticfeatures are seen in the granulocytic and erythroid series. L.D. bodies were seen in 2 cases andHistoplasma was found in one case. Conclusion: Normocytic normochromic anemia was the mostcommon peripheral smear finding. Hypocellular bone marrow was more common than hypercellularmarrow in an advanced stage of the disease. Dysplastic changes were more common in AIDS thanNon-AIDS. Granulocytic dysplasia was the most common type of dysplasia. There was evidence ofopportunistic infections and gelatinous transformation were detected in our study.

scholarly journals Correlation between Lymphocyte CD4 Count, Treatment Duration, Opportunistic Infection and Cognitive Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS) Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasihah Irfani Fitri ◽  
Aldy Safruddin Rambe ◽  
Aida Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an epidemic worldwide, despite the marked benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in reducing severe HIV-associated dementia. A milder form of neurocognitive disorders are still prevalent and remain a challenge.AIM: This study aimed to determine the correlation between plasma cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) lymphocyte, duration of ARV treatment, opportunistic infections, and cognitive function in HIV-AIDS patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 85 HIV-AIDS patients was conducted at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia. All subjects were subjected to physical, neurologic examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) to assess cognitive function and measurement of lymphocyte CD4 counts.RESULTS: Out of the 85 subjects evaluated, the proportion concerning sexes include 52 males (61.2 %) and 33 females (38.8%). The mean age was 38.53 ± 9.77 years old. There was a significant correlation between CD4 lymphocyte counts and MoCA-INA score (r = 0.271, p = 0.012), but there was no significant correlation between duration of ARV treatment and MoCA-INA score. There was also no difference in MoCA-INA score based on the presence of opportunistic infection.CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte CD4 count was independently correlated with cognitive function in HIV-AIDS patients.

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