scholarly journals Incidence prevalence and pattern of tuberculosis treatment in HIV/AIDS patients in Regional General Hospital of Bandung city

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Yani Mulyani ◽  
Raden Roro Maryana Ulfah ◽  
Rizki Siti Nurfitria
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV causes a decrease in immunity which makes the patient susceptible to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis. This research aims to find out the prevalence, patient descriptions’, treatment pattern and therapeutic goals for tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients who were taking the medication in polyclinic of DOTS and polyclinic of VCT in Regional General Hospital Of Bandung City. This was nonexperimental research. Data was collected retrospectively with cross-sectional approach using secondary data which were TB-01 form and HIV Care Summary Form and Antiretroviral Therapy from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.  From 668 Tuberculosis occurrence, there were 25 patients suffered HIV/AIDS. Result obtained the most risk factors was homosexual (60%), with the most ART treatment combination were Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Evarirenz, 4% has a drug allergic, the most TB treatment history was new case (92%), with the most kind was pulmonary TB (56%), the most Anti TB treatment was category I (92%) and 60% patients done with full therapy

Correlation Analysis Of HIV Stadium With Opportunistic Infection In Pregnant Women At Ibnu Sina General Hospital Gresik

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Alinea Dwi Elisanti ◽  
Efri Tri Ardianto
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV-AIDS is an infectious disease caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV can be transmitted through sex, blood transfusions, sharing needles and mother-to-child transmission (perinatal). Heterosexual risk factors were the highest, namely 82.8%, followed by homosexuals by 7.4% and perinatal by 4.0%. At Gresik Regency in 2016, was found that the number of HIV sufferers had increased by 29% from 2015. This study aimed to identify the relationship between HIV Stadium and Opportunistic Infection in Pregnant Women At Ibnu Sina General Hospital Gresik. This non-reactive research use analytic cross-sectional design. Sample was taken using total sampling technique. Secondary data were taken since 2013- March 2018 using data collection sheets and analysis using chi-Square test (alpha: 0.05). The results showed there were 29 pregnant women with HIV-AIDS, 96.6% of patients came from Gresik Regency, and 3.4% from outside, the most of age group were > 25-30 years (34.5%), 96.6% of respondents had married, education was mostly high school (58.6%), most respondents (75.9%) had no opportunistic infections, HIV stadium at level asimtomatik reached 51.7% and simtomatik stadium level reach 48.3%. There was a correlation between the stadium of HIV and opportunistic infections with p-value 0.011. So that it needs optimal attention especially the provision of ART therapy and treatment of opportunistic infection in pregnant women

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MELALUI KONSELING INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP RESPON SOSIAL, EMOSIONAL DAN SPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Indah Jayani ◽  
Fatma Sayekti Ruffaida
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

Approach to PLWHA by providing interpersonal counseling is the right thing to do to overcome psychological problems including social, emotional and spiritual aspects of PLWHA. This study aims to look at the effect of interpersonal counseling on social, emotional and spiritual responses in HIV/ AIDS patients. This research is a type of non-experimental research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample is post-test people and tested positive for HIV in the Kediri region, which is 32 with purpossive sampling technique. Data on social, emotional and spiritual responses were obtained based on the results of data recapitulation from the instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test showed there were differences between social responses of HIV/AIDS patients before and after given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000, there were differences between the emotional responses of HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given counseling with p value = 0,000, and there is a difference between spiritual responses in HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000. It can be concluded that interpersonal counseling influences social, emotional and spiritual responses of HIV/AIDS patients. It is recommended that the mentoring of HIV/AIDS patients through interpersonal counseling can continue so as to enhance physiological responses that will have an impact on disease prognosis, prevention of opportunistic infections and reduce mortality rates for HIV patients/ AIDS.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals The Association of CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 Ratio with Thyroid Dysfunction in HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
MI. Diah Pramudianti ◽  
Dian Ariningrum
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Hiv Aids

Incidence of thyroid dysfunction increases in HIV/AIDS patients. It can be a hypothyroid or hyperthyroid, with subclinical hypothyroid predomination. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the progression of HIV and low CD4 counts. There has been controversy over how HIV affects thyroid function. Opportunistic infections and HBV/HCV co-infections might increase the probability of thyroid dysfunction. Medication of HIV is also an important factor of thyroid dysfunction. Research shows that the use of ART increases the probability of thyroid dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the association between CD4 counts, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV RNA viral load with thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from August to September 2020 in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta on 60 HIV/AIDS patients. All subjects were 18-60 years old. The research data were analyzed with a 2x2 test table to determine the Prevalence Ratio (PR) of each variable, then multivariate analysis with logistic regression was continued. The study showed 6.7% thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients, 5% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 1.7% subclinical hypothyroidism. The CD4 counts [PR 13.36 (95% CI: 1.53-116,65; p=0.017) and CD8 counts [PR 0.91 (95% CI: 3 0.02-0.51; p=0.032)] significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients. CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm and 3 CD8 counts ≥500 cells/mm were associated with the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients, while CD4/CD8 ratio and HIV RNA viral load were not associated. CD4 count was not an independent predictor of thyroid dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Terapi Antiretroviral Pasien HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ambar Yunita Nugraheni ◽  
Rizki Amelia ◽  
Inesya Febrianing Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) bertujuan untuk menurunkan jumlah virus (viral load) serta menghambat perburukan infeksi oportunistik. Ketidakrasionalan terapi ARV akan menyebabkan peningkatan resiko morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta resiko resistensi obat.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi rasionalitas antiretroviral pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta yang meliputi tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat, dan tepat dosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 99 pasien dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil melalui rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS rawat inap di rumah sakit X Surakarta. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). Evaluasi dari 99 pasien yang memenuhi inklusi didapatkan hasil 100% tepat indikasi, 88,89% tepat pasien, 96,97% tepat obat dan 96,97% tepat dosis. Rasionalitas penggunaan terapi ARV pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta sebesar 85,86%.   Katakunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionalitas   EVALUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS   ABSTRACT Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment aims to reduce the amount of virus (viral load) and inhibit opportunistic infections. The irrationality of ARV therapy will cause an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as the risk of drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of antiretroviral in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta which includes the right indication, the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose. This study was an observational study. The research sample was 99 patients with purposive sampling method. Data was collected from medical records of inpatient HIV / AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta. Data were analyzed descriptively based on Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). An evaluation of 99 patients showed 100% correct indications, 88,89% right patients, 96,97% right drugs and 96,97% right doses. The rationality of antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta was 85,86%.   Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionality

scholarly journals Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Eka Utarini ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Tuti Parwati Merati
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. This study aims to examine proportion, median time, incidence rate, and predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar.Methods: A restrospective cohort study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 207 medical records of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART between 1st of January 2012 and 30th of June 2015 were included in the study. Kaplan Meier analysis was performed to calculate incidence rate and median time of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables included body mass index (BMI), body weight, haemoglobin level, CD4 count, HIV clinical stadium, ART regiments, and opportunistic infections (OIs). Data were analysed using cox proportional hazard model to identify predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients.Results: As many as 65.22% of HIV/AIDS patients who received ART experienced an improvement in their nutritional status with the incidence rate of 9.1 per 100 person months and median time of 6.1 months. Multivariate analysis showed that predictors of improved nutritional status were BMI at ART initiation (AHR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.16-1.5), HIV clinical stadium (AHR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.02-2.06), CD4 count at ART initiation (AHR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.99) and the presence of diarrhoea (AHR=1.83; 95%CI: 1.06-3.14).Conclusions: Predictors of improved nutritional status among HIV/AIDS patients who received ART were BMI, HIV clinical stadium, CD4 count and diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV/AIDS patients admitted to the Douala general hospital between 2004 and 2009: a cross sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Namme Luma ◽  
Benjamin Clet Nguenkam Tchaleu ◽  
Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
Marie Solange Doualla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxoplasma Encephalitis ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Use of the Coding Causes of Death in HIV in the classification of deaths in Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Neves Alves ◽  
Cristiane Campello Bresani-Salvi ◽  
Joanna D’Arc Lyra Batista ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽  
Demócrito De Barros Miranda-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Code System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE Describe the coding process of death causes for people living with HIV/AIDS, and classify deaths as related or unrelated to immunodeficiency by applying the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) system. METHODS A cross-sectional study that codifies and classifies the causes of deaths occurring in a cohort of 2,372 people living with HIV/AIDS, monitored between 2007 and 2012, in two specialized HIV care services in Pernambuco. The causes of death already codified according to the International Classification of Diseases were recoded and classified as deaths related and unrelated to immunodeficiency by the CoDe system. We calculated the frequencies of the CoDe codes for the causes of death in each classification category. RESULTS There were 315 (13%) deaths during the study period; 93 (30%) were caused by an AIDS-defining illness on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention list. A total of 232 deaths (74%) were related to immunodeficiency after application of the CoDe. Infections were the most common cause, both related (76%) and unrelated (47%) to immunodeficiency, followed by malignancies (5%) in the first group and external causes (16%), malignancies (12 %) and cardiovascular diseases (11%) in the second group. Tuberculosis comprised 70% of the immunodeficiency-defining infections. CONCLUSIONS Opportunistic infections and aging diseases were the most frequent causes of death, adding multiple disease burdens on health services. The CoDe system increases the probability of classifying deaths more accurately in people living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Associated Factors of Superficial Fungal Infections on HIV/AIDS Patients Who Attends in Debretabor General Hospital ART Clinic, Debretabor, North West Ethiopia, 2015/16

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Work Condition ◽  
Income Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: HIV/AIDS has been occurring in the world as the major pandemic disease that affects all parts of the world, but sub-Saharan Africa it is high in prevalence which reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and makes individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. This often leads the patients to a variety of opportunistic infections including fungal infections and the like. Superficial fungal infections are common in HIV patients that can have an atypical clinical severity and variability of presentation and may be extensive, recurrent, and difficult to treat. Objectives: This study aims to determine the magnitude and associated factors of superficial fungal infections on HIV/ AIDS patients who have follow up at ART clinic in Debretabore General Hospital. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was used via systematic random method with kth value of 3rd on 299 study population from December/2015-Feburaray/2016. Result: Prevalence of superficial fungal infection in this study was 59.2% with 99.7% response rate. Female {AOR(95% CI); 2.6 (3.06, 7.901)}, age ranges less than 15 [AOR(95% CI); 4.03 (0.002, 0.994)], and ages between 16-30 years [AOR(95% CI);2.1 (1.93, 7.16)], uneducated subjects [AOR (95% CI); 3.4 (0.00, 0.150)], presence of pets in the home 5.3 [(0.001, 0.183)], income source being a farmer [AOR (95% CI); 4.3 (0.031,0.72)], CD4 level less than 200cells/ mm3 [AOR (95% CI); 8 (0.00, 0.007)] and work condition associated to water [AOR (95% CI); 6.3 (7.31, 13.800)] were statistically significant to the presence of superficial fungal infection in Debretabor General hospital at ART clinic. Concussion: The overall prevalence of superficial fungal infection in the study area was relatively high (59.2%) with 78% of the cases were neglected as nothing would do on patients life having a statistical significant association with age, sex, income source (farmer), educational status, presence of pets in the home, CD4 level, work condition associated with water body. Thus, a continuous health education about the disease, factors with education on preventive methods and treating the cases accordingly of fungal infections should be sought.

scholarly journals Mortality in Hospitalised HIV/AIDS Patients in a Tertiary Centre in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends Between 2007 and 2015, Causes and Associated Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Henry Namme Luma ◽  
Fanny Mboringong ◽  
Marie-Solange Doualla ◽  
Miriam Nji ◽  
Olivier-Tresor Donfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: With easy accessibility to combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART), mortality amongst hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients needs to be described. Objective: We aimed at determining the trends, causes and factors associated with in-hospital mortality amongst HIV/AIDS patients in the Douala General Hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed hospitalisation records of HIV/AIDS patients hospitalized in the medical wards of the DGH from 2007 to 2015. Four cause-of-death categories were defined: 1. Communicable conditions and AIDS-defining malignancies, 2. Chronic non-communicable conditions and non-AIDS defining malignancies’, 3. Other non-communicable conditions and 4. Unknown conditions. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated mortality. Results: We analyzed 891 eligible files. The mean age was 43 (standard deviation (SD): 10) years and median length of hospital stay was 9 (interquatile range (IQR)4 - 15) days. The overall all-cause mortality was 23.5% (95% CI: 20.8% - 26.4%). The category - communicable conditions and AIDS defining malignancies represented 79.9%, of deaths and this remained constant for each year during the study period. Tuberculosis was the most common specific cause of death (23.9%). Patients who had two (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.35 - 4.06) and more than two (OR=4.23, 95%CI: 1.62 – 11.12) opportunistic infections, a haemoglobin level less than 10g/l (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.58 - 3.59) had increased odds of dying. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality is high amongst HIV/AIDS patients at the Douala general hospital. The category - communicable conditions and AIDS defining malignancies - is still the main underlying cause of death. We hope that our findings will help to develop interventions aimed at reducing in-hospital mortality.

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