Effect of Exogenous Abscisic acid (ABA) on the Morphology, Phytohormones, and Related Gene Expression of Developing Lateral Roots in ‘Qingzhen 1’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Shaohuan Li ◽  
Ting Tang ◽  
Jiangping Mao ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Lateral roots (LRs) are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Understanding how hormones and genes interact in a fluctuating environment to coordinate LR development is a major challenge. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the primary stress-responsive hormone and mediates LR development in various plant species. However, the effect of exogenous ABA on LR development has not been elucidated in apple. In this study, ‘Qingzhen 1’ was treated with exogenous 5 µM ABA for 20 days to investigate the regulation mechanism of ABA on LR development. Morphological observations advocated that ABA inhibited both LR and shoot development in ‘Qingzhen 1’ apple plants, where the root number was 16.94%, the root length was 30.32%, the plant height was 10.88%, and the stem thickness was 8.08% lower than those in the control plants. Meanwhile, the endogenous ABA concentration was significantly increased, but the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations were significantly decreased with ABA treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of ABA-related genes (MdCYP707A2, MdABI1, MdAREB2, and MdABF3) were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of auxin-related genes (MdYUCCA3, MdYUCCA8, MdPIN1 MdPIN2, MdPIN3, and MdARF19), root development-related genes (MdWOX5 and MdWOX11), and cell cycle-related genes (MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1) were significantly downregulated at the early stage of ABA treatment, which act together on the inhibition of LR development. Taken together, the changes in hormone levels and gene expression resulted in inhibited LR development of apple plants in response to ABA.

scholarly journals Genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling are highly expressed in the bone of patients with the early-stage cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanying Gao ◽  
Ruiqi Wu ◽  
Rongge Liu ◽  
Jianquan Wang ◽  
Yingfang Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Impingement Zone

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown high expression levels of certain inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic genes in the articular cartilage from the impingement zone of the hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), representing an increased metabolic state. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular properties of bone tissue from the impingement zone of hips with FAI. Methods Bone tissue samples from patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were collected during hip arthroscopy for treatment of cam-type FAI. Control bone tissue samples were collected from six patients who underwent total hip replacement because of a femoral neck fracture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the gene expression associated with inflammation and bone remodeling. The differences in the gene expression in bone tissues from the patients with early-stage cam-type FAI were also evaluated based on clinical parameters. Results In all, 12 patients with early-stage cam-type FAI and six patients in the control group were included in this study. Compared to the control samples, the bone tissue samples from patients with FAI showed higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). IL-1 expression was detected only in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression between the patients with FAI and the control group. The patients with FAI having a body mass index (BMI) of >24 kg/m2 showed higher ALP expression (P < 0.05). Further, the expression of IL-6 and ALP was higher in the patients with FAI in whom the lateral center-edge angle was >30° (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated the metabolic condition of bone tissues in patients with early-stage cam-type FAI differed from that of normal bone in the femoral head-neck junction. The expression levels of the genes associated with inflammation and bone remodeling were higher in the bone tissue of patients with early-stage cam-type FAI than in the patients with normal bone tissue.

scholarly journals Hormonal response and root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to heavy metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Vitti ◽  
Maria Nuzzaci ◽  
Antonio Scopa ◽  
Giuseppe Tataranni ◽  
Imma Tamburrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Abscisic Acid Level ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

In this work, specific concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc in double combination, were supplied for 12 days to growing seedlings of the model species <em>Arabidopsis</em> <em>thaliana</em>. Metal accumulation was measured in roots and shoots. Microscopic analyses revealed that root morphology was affected by metals, and that the root and shoot levels of indole-3-acetic acid, <em>trans</em>-zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside varied accordingly. Minor modifications in gibberellic acid levels occurred in the Zinc treatments, whereas abscisic acid level did not change after the exposition to metals. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of some genes involved in auxin and cytokinin synthesis (<em>AtAAO</em>, <em>AtNIT</em> and <em>AtIPT</em>) revealed that their expression were not affected by metal treatments. The root morphological alterations that resulted in an increased surface area, due to the formation of root hairs and lateral roots, could be signs of the response to metal stress in terms of a functionally-addressed reorientation of root growth. The root system plasticity observed could be important for better understanding the manner in which the root architecture is shaped by environmental and hormonal stimuli.

scholarly journals Gene expression patterns in bone following lipopolysaccharide stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Nan Su ◽  
Xiaolan Du ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
System Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Levels

AbstractBone displays suppressed osteogenesis in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly explained. To identify the gene expression patterns in the bone, we performed Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array with RNA isolated from mouse femurs 4 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The gene expressions were confirmed with real-time PCR. The serum concentration of the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), a bone-formation marker, was determined using ELISA. A total of 1003 transcripts were upregulated and 159 transcripts were downregulated (more than twofold upregulation or downregulation). Increased expression levels of the inflammation-related genes interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were confirmed from in the period 4 h to 72 h after LPS administration using real-time PCR. Gene ontogene analysis found four bone-related categories involved in four biological processes: system development, osteoclast differentiation, ossification and bone development. These processes involved 25 upregulated genes. In the KEGG database, we further analyzed the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is strongly related to osteogenesis. The upregulated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and downregulated inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (Id4) expressions were further confirmed by real-time PCR after LPS stimulation. The osteoblast function was determined through examination of the expression levels of core binding factor 1 (Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) in bone tissues and serum PINP from 4 h to 72 h after LPS administration. The expressions of OC and Cbfa1 decreased 6 h after administration (p < 0.05). Significantly suppressed PINP levels were observed in the later stage (from 8 h to 72 h, p < 0.05) but not in the early stage (4 h or 6 h, p > 0.05) of LPS stimulation. The results of this study suggest that LPS induces elevated expressions of skeletal system development- and osteoclast differentiation-related genes and inflammation genes at an early stage in the bone. The perturbed functions of these two groups of genes may lead to a faint change in osteogenesis at an early stage of LPS stimulation. Suppressed bone formation was found at later stages in response to LPS stimulation.

Variations in abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and zeatin riboside concentrations in two Mediterranean shrubs subjected to water stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lopez-Carbonell ◽  
L. Alegre ◽  
A. Pastor ◽  
E. Prinsen ◽  
H. van Onckelen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Mediterranean Shrubs ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Identification of abscisic acid glucose ester, indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin and zeatin riboside in receptacles of pear

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Martin ◽  
I.M. Scott ◽  
S.J. Neill ◽  
R. Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Glucose Ester ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Increased Gene Expression Of The Nr4A Family In Bone Marrow T Cells Of Patients With Early Stage Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1238-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Hosokawa ◽  
Takumi Nishiuchi ◽  
Takamasa Katagiri ◽  
Chizuru Saito ◽  
Hiroyuki Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background Although T-cell cytokines are believed to play an essential role in the development of acquired aplastic anemia (AA), it remains unclear which cytokines or cytokine signals trigger hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) suppression in AA. Gene expression profiling of bone marrow (BM) T cells may be useful for identifying inciting molecules, but the BM T cells in patients with severe AA are inappropriate subjects for such studies, because their gene expression profile suffers changes due to the T-cell exposure to various cytokines. Some patients with moderate AA present with profound thrombocytopenia and an increase in glycosylphophatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP)-deficient cells without significant neutropenia and anemia, and eventually progress to pancytopenia that fulfills the criteria of AA. They usually show a rapid and complete response to cyclosporine (CsA) if treated early after the thrombocytopenia is manifested. Such patients with the “pre-AA” state may serve as ideal subjects to clarify which genes are involved in the development of AA. Objectives/methods To identify the genes closely associated with the development of AA responsive to CsA, we carried out gene expression profiling of the BM mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from 6 un-transfused patients with BM failure with increased GPI-AP-deficient cells (two with the pre-AA state and four with moderate AA) and three healthy individuals using a microarray analysis with Agilent Microarrays, and identified genes that were highly expressed in patients' BMMCs at the diagnosis. All patients responded to CsA monotherapy and achieved platelet recovery≥50 x 109/L within one year. Results A total of 1119 genes, including IL17C, CD40LG and NR4A1, were upregulated in the BMMCs of the six patients at onset by at least two-fold the level of healthy individuals. The extent of gene overexpression was more pronounced in two patients with the pre-AA state than in those with MAA (Fig. 1A). A comparison of the gene expression levels in BMMCs at onset with those in BMMCs obtained after achieving the platelet count≥100 x 109/L in two rapid responders to CsA revealed 1858 genes, including TNFSF9, NFATC2 and CCL4, that were upregulated. Of note, all three Nr4A family members, including Nr4a1 (Nur77), Nr4a2 (Nurr1) and Nr4a3 (NOR-1), were upregulated at onset (17.4-, 46.5- and 106.4-fold increases compared to those after CsA therapy; 37.7-, 17.9- and 72.9-fold increases compared to healthy controls, respectively) in patients who obtained the good platelet response within three months of CsA therapy (rapid responders). The expression levels of Nr4A genes in four AA patients who showed a slow response to CsA (slow responders) were comparable to those of healthy individuals (Fig. 1B). Conclusions Genes in the Nr4a subfamily are immediate early genes that can be induced by a wide array of stimuli, including growth factors and inflammatory signals. Nr4a2 is reportedly upregulated in T cells of patients with multiple sclerosis via the calcineurin–NFAT pathway, and plays a pivotal role in mediating cytokine production, such as the production of IL-17 from pathogenic T cells. In patients with early stage AA, some inflammatory stimuli may induce the overexpression of Nr4A, leading to the development of BM failure. Quantification of the Nr4A expression of BMMCs may therefore be useful for diagnosing thrombocytopenia that can progress to AA and also predicting a rapid response to CsA therapy in patients with the early stage AA. Disclosures: Nakao: Alexion: Honoraria, Research Funding.

scholarly journals Effects of Ethanol Feeding in Early-Stage NAFLD Mice Induced by Western Diet

Livers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Maximilian Joseph Brol ◽  
Stella Georgiou ◽  
Ditlev Nytoft Rasmussen ◽  
Cristina Ortiz ◽  
Sabine Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Hepatic Triglyceride ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Background: The prevalence of metabolic liver diseases is increasing and approved pharmacological treatments are still missing. Many animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show a full spectrum of fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis, which does not reflect the human situation since only up to one third of the patients develop fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: Seven week old C57Bl/J mice were treated with ethanol, Western diet (WD) or both. The animals’ liver phenotypes were determined through histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, hepatic triglyceride content and gene expression levels. In a human cohort of 80 patients stratified by current alcohol misuse and body mass index, liver histology and gene expression analysis were performed. Results: WD diet and ethanol-treated animals showed severe steatosis, with high hepatic triglyceride content and upregulation of fatty acid synthesis. Mild fibrosis was revealed using Sirius-red stains and gene expression levels of collagen. Inflammation was detected using histology, immunohistochemistry and upregulation of proinflammatory genes. The human cohort of obese drinkers showed similar upregulation in genes related to steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. Conclusions: We provide a novel murine model for early-stage fatty liver disease suitable for drug testing and investigation of pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Associations between joint effusion in the knee and gene expression levels in the circulation: a meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein J. Peters ◽  
Yolande F.M. Ramos ◽  
Wouter den Hollander ◽  
Dieuwke Schiphof ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Objective: To identify molecular biomarkers for early knee osteoarthritis (OA), we examined whether joint effusion in the knee associated with different gene expression levels in the circulation.Materials and Methods: Joint effusion grades measured with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and gene expression levels in blood were determined in women of the Rotterdam Study (N=135) and GARP (N=98). Associations were examined using linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, fasting status, RNA quality, technical batch effects, blood cell counts, and BMI. To investigate enriched pathways and protein-protein interactions, we used the DAVID and STRING webtools.Results: In a meta-analysis, we identified 257 probes mapping to 189 unique genes in blood that were nominally significantly associated with joint effusion grades in the knee. Several compelling genes were identified such as C1orf38 and NFATC1. Significantly enriched biological pathways were: response to stress, gene expression, negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction, and antigen processing and presentation of exogenous pathways.Conclusion: Meta-analyses and subsequent enriched biological pathways resulted in interesting candidate genes associated with joint effusion that require further characterization. Associations were not transcriptome-wide significant most likely due to limited power. Additional studies are required to replicate our findings in more samples, which will greatly help in understanding the pathophysiology of OA and its relation to inflammation, and may result in biomarkers urgently needed to diagnose OA at an early stage.

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