scholarly journals Insights into the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in improving waterlogging tolerance of mung bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Mezanur Rahman ◽  
Munny Akter ◽  
Erin Zama ◽  
Sanjida Sultana Keya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Stressed Plant

Abstract Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein rich seeds, which growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging. In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA3), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mung bean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield-related attributes. Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA3 under 5-days of waterlogged conditions improved mung bean growth and biomass, which was associated to increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the consequent elevated levels of malondialdehyde, were considerably reduced by CK and GA3 treatments. Mung bean plants sprayed with either CK or GA3 suffered less oxidative stress due to the enhancement of total phenolics and flavonoids levels. Improvement in the contents of proline and total soluble sugars indicating a better osmotic adjustment following CK and GA3 treatments in waterlogged-exposed plants. Most fundamentally, CK or GA3-sprayed waterlogged-stressed mung bean plants demonstrated an increased tendency of the above-mentioned parameters after the 15-day recovery period as compared to water-sprayed waterlogged-exposed plants. Our results also revealed that CK and GA3 treatments increased yield-associated features in waterlogged-stressed plant. Importantly, both phytohormones are efficient in improving mung bean resistance to waterlogging; however, CK was found to be more effective. Overall, our findings suggested that CK or GA3 could be used for the management of waterlogging-induced damage in mung bean, and perhaps in other cash crops.

scholarly journals Acetic acid: a cost-effective agent for mitigation of seawater-induced salt toxicity in mung bean

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mezanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Md. Abiar Rahman ◽  
Md. Robyul Islam ◽  
Sanjida Sultana Keya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

Abstract The current study sought the effective mitigation measure of seawater-induced damage to mung bean plants by exploring the potential roles of acetic acid (AA). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that foliar application of AA under control conditions improved mung bean growth, which was interlinked to enhanced levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments, improved water status and increased uptake of K+, in comparison with water-sprayed control. Mung bean plants exposed to salinity exhibited reduced growth and biomass production, which was emphatically correlated with increased accumulations of Na+, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and impaired photosynthesis, as evidenced by PCA and heatmap clustering. AA supplementation ameliorated the toxic effects of seawater, and improved the growth performance of salinity-exposed mung bean. AA potentiated several physio-biochemical mechanisms that were connected to increased uptake of Ca2+ and Mg2+, reduced accumulation of toxic Na+, improved water use efficiency, enhanced accumulations of proline, total free amino acids and soluble sugars, increased catalase activity, and heightened levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Collectively, our results provided new insights into AA-mediated protective mechanisms against salinity in mung bean, thereby proposing AA as a potential and cost-effective chemical for the management of salt-induced toxicity in mung bean, and perhaps in other cash crops.

scholarly journals Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8197
Author(s):  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽  
Adela Adamus ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

scholarly journals Overexpression of VrPDF1 gene confers resistance to weevils in transgenic mung bean plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan ◽  
Hoang Thi Thao ◽  
Le Van Son ◽  
Chu Hoang Mau
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Defensins ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Alpha Amylase Inhibitor

Plant defensins are known for different biological functions such as insect resistance, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The role of plant defensins against weevils is based on inhibitor of alpha-amylase activity in weevil gut, therefore, weevils can not digest starch and then die. The low content of Vigna radiata plant defensin 1 (VrPDF1) in mung bean seeds is promted researches to increase the VrPDF1content, in which leads to enhance alpha-amylase inhibition and improve bruchid resistance in mung bean. This article presents the results of overexpression of VrPDF1 gene in transgenic mung bean plants. VrPDF1 gene was successfully transferred into DX22 mung bean cultivar and expressed in T1 generation transgenic mung bean seeds. The extract containing recombinant VrPDF1 protein inhibited alpha-amylase of weevil larvae in its larval stage. The performance of alpha-amylase inhibitor of DX1-3 and DX1-7 transgenic mung bean lines increased by 166.40% and 178.19% respectively, in comparison with non-transgenic plants. The enhancement of alpha-amylase inhibitor ability of rVrPDF1 extracted from transgenic plants is scientifically fundamental to confirm the effectiveness of the application of gene technology in enhancement the ability of mung bean weevil resistance in particular and grain crops in general revenue.

scholarly journals Overexpression of VrPDF1 gene confers resistance to weevils in transgenic mung bean plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan ◽  
Hoang Thi Thao ◽  
Le Van Son ◽  
Chu Hoang Mau
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Defensins ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Alpha Amylase Inhibitor

Plant defensins are known for different biological functions such as insect resistance, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The role of plant defensins against weevils is based on inhibitor of alpha-amylase activity in weevil gut, therefore, weevils can not digest starch and then die. The low content of Vigna radiata plant defensin 1 (VrPDF1) in mung bean seeds is promted researches to increase the VrPDF1content, in which leads to enhance alpha-amylase inhibition and improve bruchid resistance in mung bean. This article presents the results of overexpression of VrPDF1 gene in transgenic mung bean plants. VrPDF1 gene was successfully transferred into DX22 mung bean cultivar and expressed in T1 generation transgenic mung bean seeds. The extract containing recombinant VrPDF1 protein inhibited alpha-amylase of weevil larvae in its larval stage. The performance of alpha-amylase inhibitor of DX1-3 and DX1-7 transgenic mung bean lines increased by 166.40% and 178.19% respectively, in comparison with non-transgenic plants. The enhancement of alpha-amylase inhibitor ability of rVrPDF1 extracted from transgenic plants is scientifically fundamental to confirm the effectiveness of the application of gene technology in enhancement the ability of mung bean weevil resistance in particular and grain crops in general revenue.

scholarly journals Ameliorating effects of exogenous paclobutrazol and putrescine on mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under water deficit stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Babarashi ◽  
Asad Rokhzadi ◽  
Babak Pasari ◽  
Khosro Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Different Doses

Plant growth regulators play crucial roles in modulating plant response to environmental stresses. In this experiment, the effect of different doses of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and putrescine (Put), i.e., 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L on mung bean in two conditions of water deficit (WD) and well-watered (WW) was investigated. The seed yield decreased due to water deficit stress, while the PBZ and Put application alleviated the damage of drought stress through increasing proline and leaf chlorophyll content and improving membrane stability, and thus increased plant yield compared to untreated control plants. According to regression equations, the high PBZ levels (150 mg/L or more) and moderate levels of Put (about 90 mg/L) were determined as the optimal concentrations to maximise mung bean yield in WD conditions. In WW conditions, the mung bean responses to PBZ were inconsistent, whereas Put application positively affected some physiological traits and seed yield. In conclusion, the physiological attributes and, subsequently, the seed yield of drought-stressed mung bean plants could be improved by foliar application of PBZ and Put.  

scholarly journals Molybdenum Induces Growth, Yield, and Defence System Mechanisms of the Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) under Water Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nahlaa Jamal Hussain Hayyawi ◽  
Mohammed H. Al-Issawi ◽  
Abdullah A. Alrajhi ◽  
Hanady Al-Shmgani ◽  
Hail Rihan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Bean Plants

Water stress has a negative impact on the yield and growth of crops worldwide and consequently has a global impact on food security. Many biochemical changes occur in plants as a response to water stress, such as activation of antioxidant systems. Molybdenum (Mo) plays an important part in activating the expression of many enzymes, such as CAT, POD, and SOD, as well as increasing the proline content. Mo therefore supports the defence system in plants and plays an important role in the defence system of mung bean plants growing under water stress conditions. Four concentrations of Mo (0, 15, 30, and 45 mg·L−1) were applied to plants, using two approaches: (a) seed soaking and (b) foliar application. Mung bean plants were subjected to three irrigation intervals (4 days control, 8 days-moderate water stress, and 12 days severe water stress). Irrigation intervals caused a reduction in the growth and production of mung beans, especially when the plants were irrigated every 12 days. It also led to the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mung bean leaves, and these are considered to be indicators of lipid peroxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation, respectively. On the other hand, applying Mo enhanced some growth and yield traits and also enhanced the defence system by upregulating antioxidant expressions, such as proline, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The MDA content did not change under the effect of Mo treatments. However, H2O2 content slightly increased with an increase of Mo concentration of up to 30 mg·L−1 followed by a significant decrease when Mo concentration was increased to 45 mg·L−1. It can be concluded that Mo is a robust tool for the activation of the defence system in mung beans.

scholarly journals Response of African Eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L.) to Foliar Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Gibberellic Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Jelili T. Opabode ◽  
Simbiat Owojori
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Shoot Weight

AbstractThe influence of foliar application of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3) alone and in combination on quantitative and qualitative yields of Solanum macrocarpon L. ‘Igbagba’ was investigated to increase the production of the vegetable. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Analysis of variance showed that treatments had significant (p < 0.05) influence on all parameters measured. Foliar application of 20–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 alone doubled the shoot heights compared with other treatments. The highest leaf area, fresh shoot weight, dry weight and number of regrowth was observed on plants to which foliar application of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3 was applied. Combinations of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 produced the highest quantities of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total phenolics, soluble sugars and soluble protein. Highest moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents were detected when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 10–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 were applied. However, the application of GA3 alone promoted crude fiber and carbohydrate synthesis. Leaf Na, P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe had highest quantities when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP was combined with 30–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3. Leaf K was promoted by the application of BAP alone and combination of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 10–20 mg·dm−3 of GA3. The highest number of re-growth was observed when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP was combined with 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3. Foliar application of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3 in combination was suggested for the enhancement of quantitative and qualitative yields of the vegetable.

scholarly journals Overexpression of VrPDF1 gene confers resistance to weevils in transgenic mung bean plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan ◽  
Le Van Son ◽  
Chu Hoang Mau
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Defensins ◽  
General Revenue ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Alpha Amylase Inhibitor

Plant defensins are known for different biological functions such as insect resistance, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The role of plant defensins against weevils is based on inhibitor of alpha-amylase activity in weevil gut, therefore, weevils can not digest starch and then die. The low content of Vigna radiata plant defensin 1 (VrPDF1) in mung bean seeds is promted researches to increase the VrPDF1content, in which leads to enhance alpha-amylase inhibition and improve bruchid resistance in mung bean. This article presents the results of overexpression of VrPDF1 gene in transgenic mung bean plants. VrPDF1 gene was successfully transferred into DX22 mung bean cultivar and expressed in T1 generation transgenic mung bean seeds. The extract containing recombinant VrPDF1 protein inhibited alpha-amylase of weevil larvae in its larval stage. The performance of alpha-amylase inhibitor of DX1-3 and DX1-7 transgenic mung bean lines increased by 166.40% and 178.19% respectively, in comparison with non-transgenic plants. The enhancement of alpha-amylase inhibitor ability of rVrPDF1 extracted from transgenic plants is scientifically fundamental to confirm the effectiveness of the application of gene technology in enhancement the ability of mung bean weevil resistance in particular and grain crops in general revenue.

Effects of Defoliation and Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on Fruit Softening after Alcohol Treatment of Japanese Persimmon 'Hiratanenashi'.

1994 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Itamura ◽  
Tadaaki Fukushima ◽  
Toshio Kitamura ◽  
Hisashi Harada ◽  
Satoshi Taira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Japanese Persimmon
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